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Saharti S. The diagnostic value of add-on thyroid cell block in the evaluation of thyroid lesions. Cytojournal 2023; 20:3. [PMID: 36895260 PMCID: PMC9990845 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_9_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology plays a pivotal role in diagnosing thyroid nodules. Imaging assessment, followed by thyroid lesion sampling, is a widely applied clinical practice. Tissue fragments remnants are retrieved in cell-block providing an adjunct diagnostic tool for histopathology visualization and use of ancillary testing. This study aimed to evaluate whether the auxiliary application of cell-block adds to the diagnostic accuracy of the thyroid FNA. Material and Methods A total of 252 thyroid FNA cases between (2020 and 2021) were reviewed from patients aged 18-76. Of those, 150 cell-blocks were recovered and examined to assess their utility. Following categories were plotted during cell-blocks revision: (A) Inadequate material retrieved; (B) cell-block shows similar features along with their accompanying smears; and (C) value added to cytology diagnosis when using cell-block. Results The distribution of cell-blocks according to the aforementioned classification are as follows: A - non-diagnostic 63%, B - similar observation seen in both preparations 35%, and C - value added to the rendered diagnosis 2%. Hence, the use of cell-block improved cytology diagnosis in only 2% of total cases. Mostly were of immunostains application for diagnosis confirmation. Conclusion The non-diagnostic and atypical cytology cases have not been upgraded to a more meaningful category by the incorporation of cell-block performed with the routine non-enhancement random method. On the other hand, cell-blocks contributed generously toward immunostaining application in malignant scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Saharti
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rossi ED, Tralongo P, Fiorentino V, Curatolo M, Bruno C, De Crea C, Raffaelli M, Pontecorvi A, Larocca LM. Approach to FNA of Thyroid Gland Cysts. Adv Anat Pathol 2022; 29:358-364. [PMID: 35918293 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fine needle aspiration is a well-known procedure for the diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions, representing the first diagnostic tool for the definition of their nature. In clinical practice, a thyroid nodule can be classified as solid, cystic, and partially cystic based on its internal components. Different thyroid imaging reporting systems and cytologic diagnostic systems have focused their attention on solid nodules, which are more frequently linked with a malignant outcome. In fact, numerous papers demonstrated that nodules with microcalcifications, a taller-than-wide shape, hypoechogeneity, and irregular margins, are more likely to be malignant on histology. Nevertheless, according to the literature, the risk of malignancy in a partially cystic thyroid nodule ranges between 3.3 and 17-5%, including, for instance, the possible diagnosis of a cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma and other malignant entities. Therefore, in the current review article, we are going to discuss the approach to thyroid cystic lesions on fine needle aspiration cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen De Crea
- Division of Endocrine-Surgery-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario"Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome Italy Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaelli
- Division of Endocrine-Surgery-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario"Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome Italy Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is among the first diagnostic tools used in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. It has the ability to triage patients with benign and malignant lesions, thus defining the optimum clinical and/or surgical management. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology has found worldwide acceptance. Thyroid FNA offers high positive predictive value (97%-99%), with sensitivities and specificities of 65% to 99% and 72% to 100%, respectively. Nonetheless, many potential diagnostic pitfalls exist that can lead to false-positive and/or false-negative results. This article discusses several of the potential pitfalls in the cytologic evaluation of thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Diana Rossi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, A. Gemelli Square, 1, Rome 20123, Italy
| | - Adebowale J Adeniran
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, WRN 219, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Zhu Y, Song Y, Xu G, Fan Z, Ren W. Causes of misdiagnoses by thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC): our experience and a systematic review. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:1. [PMID: 31900180 PMCID: PMC6942345 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective FNA is a simple, safe, cost-effective and accurate diagnostic tool for the initial screening of patients with thyroid nodules. The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic utility of FNAC performed in our institution, assess the cytomorphologic features that contribute to diagnostic errors and propose improvement measures. Methods A total of 2781 FNACs were included in the study, and 1122 cases were compared with their histological diagnoses. We retrospectively reexamined our discordant (both false-negative and false-positive) cases and performed a systematic review of previous studies on causes of misdiagnoses. Results When DC V and DC VI were both considered cytologic-positive, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy were 98.3, 30.9, 94.9, 58.3 and 93.5%, respectively. If DC VI was considered cytologic-positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were 98.0, 84.0, 99.4, 58.3, and 97.5% respectively. The main cause of false-negative diagnoses was sampling error (13/15, 86.7%), while interpretation error led to the majority of the false-positive diagnoses (38/47, 80.9%). Overlapping cytological features in adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroiditis and cystic lesions were the major factors contributing to interpretation errors, while the size and number of nodules may have led to false-negative diagnoses because of heterogeneity and unsampled areas. Conclusions The sensitivity and PPV of thyroid FNAC in our institution were higher than those in the published data, while the specificity and NPV were lower. Regarding the FNA category DC V, a frozen section analysis during diagnostic lobectomy is necessary. Multiple passes should be performed in various parts of a large nodule or from different nodules to reduce the risk of false-negative findings. Cytopathologists should strengthen their criteria for the identification of adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroiditis and cystic lesions to avoid false-positive diagnoses. NIFTP has little effect on diagnostic accuracy and the distribution of diagnostic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuntao Song
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhihui Fan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Malheiros DC, Canberk S, Poller DN, Schmitt F. Thyroid FNAC: Causes of false-positive results. Cytopathology 2018; 29:407-417. [PMID: 29768677 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to focus on false positive results in the evaluation of thyroid aspirations, covering cystic, inflammatory, follicular and oncocytic lesions, papillary carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma of thyroid. The recently described entity noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features is also discussed detailing the impact of its introduction on the sensitivity and specificity of thyroid FNA, as well as the use of molecular tests for diagnostics. Medicolegal issues in relation to current practice in English law are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Malheiros
- Faculdade de Ciências, Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.,IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Canberk
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology subdivision of Cytopathology, Acibadem University, Atasehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D N Poller
- Department of Pathology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - F Schmitt
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
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AbdullGaffar B, Koilelat M. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: The Value of Intraepithelial Hemosiderin. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 25:250-252. [PMID: 27829208 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916672333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a relatively rare but well-described clinicopathologic entity. Its rarity and unpredictable clinical behavior are challenging to managing clinicians. Its variable and overlapping histomorphologic features are also diagnostically challenging for pathologists. Other odontogenic cysts and oral cystic neoplasms can simulate GOC. There are specific histologic criteria that help distinguish GOC from other mimickers. To our knowledge, the phenomenon of hemosiderin pigments deposition within the lining glandular epithelium of GOC has not been covered in detail or specifically reported so far in the literature. We report a case of nontraumatized anterior mandibular GOC in a middle-aged male, which histologically showed hemosiderin pigments within the lining epithelium without stromal siderophages. This finding might reflect a nonspecific spontaneous intraluminal hemorrhage. However, intraepithelial hemosiderin in GOC may be an additional helpful diagnostic clue of GOC in challenging cases since this phenomenon has not been reported in other mimicker cystic lesions.
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Auger M. Hürthle cells in fine-needle aspirates of the thyroid: a review of their diagnostic criteria and significance. Cancer Cytopathol 2014; 122:241-9. [PMID: 24436122 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the cytological assessment of Hürthle cell lesions is challenging, the literature offers good, albeit imperfect, guidance to aid in the crucial distinction between nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The significance of a cytologic diagnosis of follicular neoplasm, Hürthle cell type, lies in the rate of malignancy on follow-up surgical excision, ranging in the literature from 10% to 45%. A cytodiagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), Hürthle cell type, appears to be associated with a lower risk of malignancy on follow-up than other subtypes of AUS; however, this area warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Auger
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, PQ, Canada
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Ahn S, Kwon GY, Cho YM, Jun SY, Choi C, Kim HJ, Park YW, Park WS, Shim JW. Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma: further characterization of the morphologic and immunopathologic features. Med Mol Morphol 2013; 46:225-32. [PMID: 23471757 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-013-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) is a subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with unique morphologic features found exclusively in the background of end-stage renal disease. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features and immumoreactive profiles of 12 cases of ACD-RCC to further characterize this recently recognized entity. Review of histologic slides was performed in conjunction with immunohistochemical staining directed to the contemporary diagnostic antibodies and the putative target therapy-related markers. Histologically, the tumors showed characteristic inter-or intracellular microlumens and eosinophilic tumor cells. Intratumoral hemosiderin deposition and degenerating foamy tumor cells were consistent findings which were not previously described. Immunohistochemically, all the tumors were positive for alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase, CD10, pan-cytokeratin, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) and c-met, while negative for carbonic anhydrase-9, CD57, CD68, c-kit, pax-2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2. Heterogenous staining was found for CK7 and kidney-specific cadherin. Positive reaction to c-met suggests its utility as a plausible therapeutic target in ACD-RCC. Thus, we present the unique morphologic and immunopathologic features of ACD-RCC, which may be helpful in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
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Shidham VB. Thank you CytoJournal reviewers and authors - 2008 through 2010. Cytojournal 2010. [PMCID: PMC3029998 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.75668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B Shidham
- Address: Executive Editor and Co-Editor-in-Chief, CytoJournal, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA,*Corresponding author
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