1
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Jhala N, Arriola A, Pantanowitz L. Serous cavity metastasis: Evaluation of unknown primary. Cytojournal 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 35510111 PMCID: PMC9063508 DOI: 10.25259/cmas_02_11_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant effusions can occur in patients with neoplasia. Once a metastatic diagnosis is confirmed, the primary site of origin of malignancy needs to be ascertained. This task can be challenging without a prior history of malignancy. In some patients their effusion may be the initial presentation of an underlying malignancy. Metastases usually present with a dual population of mesothelial and malignant cells. Combining cytomorphologic examination with ancillary testing such as immunocytochemistry can help identify the origin of the foreign malignant cell population. Helpful architectural clues include a single cell pattern, solid cell ball pattern, single file arrangement, papillary formation, psammoma bodies and background mucin. Useful cellular features include the presence of signet ring cells, small cells, pleomorphic and multinucleated giant cells, squamous cells, spindle cells and pigmentation. Rarely, despite an extensive work-up the primary site of origin for a malignant effusion may remain unresolved. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors in the first edition of Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Serous Fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirag Jhala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
| | - Aileen Arriola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
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2
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Righi L, Volante M, Papotti M. Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: What We Learned about It? Acta Cytol 2021; 66:257-268. [PMID: 34784591 DOI: 10.1159/000519688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a high-grade aggressive disease that belongs to the neuroendocrine (NE) group of lung tumors that also includes typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, and large-cell NE carcinoma. SCLC has specific histological diagnostic criteria that are sometimes troublesome to be assessed in cytological samples that indeed represent the most frequent source of diagnostic material due to the typical advanced presentation at the onset of SCLC. However, cytological preparations could be in some instances more reliable than histology due to the better preservation of nuclear details. Cytological criteria for diagnosis of SCLC include high cellularity, small cell size, scant cytoplasm, coarsely granulated chromatin with "salt-and-pepper" appearance, inconspicuous or absent nucleoli, Azzopardi crush effect, and necrotic debris in the background. Despite being distinctive, these features could be incomplete to differentiate SCLC with other small-cell neoplasia. Therefore, immunocytochemical determination of diagnostic biomarkers is crucial to achieve a confident diagnosis. Furthermore, recent findings on molecular and transcriptomic studies of SCLC revealed the potential rise of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers that, whenever validated by immunocytochemistry, may potentially assist to tailor the best therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Righi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Torino at City of Health and Science, Torino, Italy,
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3
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Panigrahi C, Sethy M, Adhya AK. An unusual case of malignant peritoneal effusion. Cytopathology 2021; 33:141-144. [PMID: 34242452 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Madhusmita Sethy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Amit Kumar Adhya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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4
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Han LM, VandenBussche CJ, Abildtrup M, Chandra A, Vohra P. A Review of Effusion Cytomorphology of Small Round Cell Tumors. Acta Cytol 2021; 66:336-346. [PMID: 34218227 DOI: 10.1159/000516497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are a broad category of diverse malignant tumors composed of monotonous undifferentiated cells. Involvement of serous fluids by SRCT is rare; however, the identification of exfoliated malignant cells is a crucial component of management and has significant implications for treatment and prognosis. The most common effusion tumors with SRCT morphology include Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC), and desmoplastic SRCT, and the cytomorphologic distinction between these tumors is challenging. The purpose of this article is to describe the morphologic features of the most common SRCT in fluids and propose helpful ancillary testing. SUMMARY Effusion SRCTs display similar primitive and undifferentiated morphologic features although each has subtle variations. Ewing sarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm and harbors characteristic translocations t(11;22) (EWSR1-FLI1) or t(21;22) (EWSR1-ERG). In fluids, Ewing sarcoma shows poorly differentiated cells of variable size with round to oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm. In contrast, synovial sarcoma typically involves extremities and expresses a fusion transcript in t(X;18) (SS18-SSX). This soft tissue neoplasm demonstrates uniform cells with irregular nuclear contours, characteristic nuclear folding, and scant cytoplasm. RMS is a neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle, and the alveolar subtype demonstrates a translocation in t(2;13) (PAX3-FOXO1). The malignant cells show a spectrum of small round cells and pleomorphic large cells with rhabdoid morphology. RMS cells characteristically express myogenin and MyoD1, markers of skeletal muscle differentiation. Although SCNC is not a classic SRCT, the morphology is similar. SCNC demonstrates tight clusters of malignant cells with nuclear molding and salt-and-pepper chromatin. This tumor classically has neuroendocrine differentiation and is positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin on immunohistochemistry. And last, desmoplastic SRCT typically presents as an intra-abdominal mass in young men and characteristically harbors the translocation t(11;22) (p13;q12) (EWSR1-WT1). Cytomorphologically, the tumor shows small monomorphic cells occasionally arranged as rosette-like structures. KEY MESSAGE The diagnosis of SRCT can be made in effusion samples and is best achieved with a combination of morphologic features, clinical history, and ancillary testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Han
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Mads Abildtrup
- Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ashish Chandra
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA,
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5
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Kanber Y, Pusztaszeri M, Auger M. Immunocytochemistry for diagnostic cytopathology-A practical guide. Cytopathology 2021; 32:562-587. [PMID: 34033162 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytological specimens, which are obtained by minimally invasive methods, are an excellent source of diagnostic material. Sometimes they are the only material available for diagnosis as well as for prognostic/predictive markers. When cytomorphology is not straightforward, ancillary tests may be required for a definitive diagnosis to guide clinical management. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is the most common and practical ancillary tool used to reach a diagnosis when cytomorphology is equivocal, to differentiate entities with overlapping morphological features, and to determine the cell lineage and the site of origin of a metastatic neoplasm. Numerous immunomarkers are available, and some are expressed in multiple neoplasms. To rule out entities within a differential diagnosis, the use of more than one marker, sometimes panels, is necessary. ICC panels for diagnostic purposes should be customised based on the clinical context and cytomorphology, and the markers should be used judiciously to preserve material for additional tests for targeted therapies in the appropriate setting. This review offers a practical guide for the use of ICC for diagnostic cytopathology, covering the most commonly encountered non-hematolymphoid diagnostic scenarios in various body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kanber
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Pusztaszeri
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Auger
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Staaf J, Tran L, Söderlund L, Nodin B, Jirström K, Vidarsdottir H, Planck M, Mattsson JSM, Botling J, Micke P, Brunnström H. Diagnostic Value of Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 (INSM1) and Comparison With Established Neuroendocrine Markers in Pulmonary Cancers. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 144:1075-1085. [PMID: 31913660 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0250-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The diagnostic distinction of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors from non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) is clinically relevant for prognostication and treatment. Diagnosis is based on morphology and immunohistochemical staining. OBJECTIVE.— To determine the diagnostic value of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), in comparison with established NE markers, in pulmonary tumors. DESIGN.— Fifty-four pulmonary NE tumors and 632 NSCLCs were stained for INSM1, CD56, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin. In a subset, gene expression data were available for analysis. Also, 419 metastases to the lungs were stained for INSM1. A literature search identified 39 additional studies with data on NE markers in lung cancers from the last 15 years. Seven of these included data on INSM1. RESULTS.— A positive INSM1 staining was seen in 39 of 54 NE tumors (72%) and 6 of 623 NSCLCs (1%). The corresponding numbers were 47 of 54 (87%) and 14 of 626 (2%) for CD56, 30 of 54 (56%) and 6 of 629 (1%) for chromogranin A, and 46 of 54 (85%) and 49 of 630 (8%) for synaptophysin, respectively. Analysis of literature data revealed that CD56 and INSM1 were the best markers for identification of high-grade NE pulmonary tumors when considering both sensitivity and specificity, while synaptophysin also showed good sensitivity. INSM1 gene expression was clearly associated with NE histology. CONCLUSIONS.— The solid data of both our and previous studies confirm the diagnostic value of INSM1 as a NE marker in pulmonary pathology. The combination of CD56 with INSM1 and/or synaptophysin should be the first-hand choice to confirm pulmonary high-grade NE tumors. INSM1 gene expression could be used to predict NE tumor histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Staaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Staaf, Nodin, Jirström, Vidarsdottir, Planck, Brunnström)
| | - Lena Tran
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden (Tran, Söderlund, Jirström, Brunnström)
| | - Linnea Söderlund
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden (Tran, Söderlund, Jirström, Brunnström)
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Staaf, Nodin, Jirström, Vidarsdottir, Planck, Brunnström)
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Staaf, Nodin, Jirström, Vidarsdottir, Planck, Brunnström).,Department of Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden (Tran, Söderlund, Jirström, Brunnström)
| | - Halla Vidarsdottir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Staaf, Nodin, Jirström, Vidarsdottir, Planck, Brunnström).,Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden (Vidarsdottir)
| | - Maria Planck
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (Planck)
| | - Johanna S M Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (Mattsson, Botling, Micke)
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (Mattsson, Botling, Micke)
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (Mattsson, Botling, Micke)
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Staaf, Nodin, Jirström, Vidarsdottir, Planck, Brunnström).,Department of Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden (Tran, Söderlund, Jirström, Brunnström)
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7
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Guleria P, Barwad A, Malik PS, Madan K, Jain D. "Single-cell pattern" of adenocarcinoma cells in effusion cytology: Morphologic challenges of lung cancer. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:77-82. [PMID: 32818307 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinomas present as tight clusters and three-dimensional balls in effusion specimens. Unlike carcinomas of breast and stomach where singly lying malignant cells are seen in effusion samples, lung adenocarcinomas usually show cohesive morphology. This single-cell pattern may also be confused with reactive mesothelial cells. We studied the frequency of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with single-cell pattern cytomorphology in pleural effusion specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cases reported as either suspicious or positive for malignancy on pleural effusion cytology (PFC) over the past 1 year were retrieved. The clinical details were obtained from requisition forms. Cases with predominant single-cell pattern, clinically suspicious of carcinoma lung were segregated. These were de-stained and immunocytochemistry (ICC) for TTF-1 was performed. RESULTS Of 103 cases reported as either suspicious or positive for malignancy on PFC, 29 had a predominant single-cell pattern. Of these, 13 (44.8%) were primary lung carcinoma. The rest were metastasis from ovary (5; 17.2%), breast (2; 6.9%), stomach (2; 6.9%), lymphoma (1; 3.5%), and Ewing's sarcoma (1; 3.5%). Five (17.2%) were those with unknown primary. All cases of lung carcinoma were positive for TTF-1 ICC. CONCLUSION Single-cell pattern of pulmonary adenocarcinoma is commoner than popularly believed. This pattern may be difficult to differentiate from carcinoma cells of other sites as well as from reactive mesothelial cells. A high degree of suspicion is therefore needed to perform relevant ICC to clinch the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Guleria
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Adarsh Barwad
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat S Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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8
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Lew M, Cantley R, Heider A, Jing X. Diagnosis and categorization of malignant effusions: A 6-year review from a single academic institution. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:615-621. [PMID: 32275354 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytologic detection of malignant cells in pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial effusion most likely indicates advanced stage of malignant disease. There are a few studies updating the categorization of malignant effusions. METHODS The electronic pathology database was searched to identify consecutive cases of malignant effusion during a 6-year period. Patient age and gender, origins of known malignancy, and cytologic diagnoses were recorded and summarized. RESULTS A total of 1059 specimens included 561 (53%) pleural, 441 (41.6%) peritoneal, and 57 (5.4%) pericardial fluids. Most of the pleural (516, 92.0%), peritoneal (418, 94.8%), and pericardial (53, 93.0%) specimens were derived from patients with a single known malignancy. More common origins involving pleural fluid were lung (152, 27.1%) followed by breast (103, 18.4%) and gastrointestinal tract (76, 13.5%). The most common etiology for women and men was breast (102, 30.8%) and lung (67, 36.2%), respectively. More common origins involving peritoneal fluid were gastrointestinal (158, 35.8%) and gynecologic (156, 35.4%) tracts, and breast (46, 10.4%). The most common etiology for women and men was Mullerian (156, 55.5%) and gastrointestinal tract (94, 68.6%), respectively. Most common origins involving the pericardial fluid were breast (20, 37.7%) and lung (17, 29.8%). Breast and lung were the most common etiology for women (20, 57.1%) and men (8, 44.4%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Breast and lung remain to be the most common origin of both malignant pleural and pericardial effusion for women and men, respectively. The most common origin involving peritoneal effusion is Mullerian for women and gastrointestinal tract for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Lew
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan-Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard Cantley
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan-Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amer Heider
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan-Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan-Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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9
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Kim L, Choi S, Park I, Han J, Kim J, Chu Y. Cytomorphologic features of small cell carcinoma of lung in effusion fluid using a liquid‐based cytology technique. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 48:203-210. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kim
- Department of PathologyInha University College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea
| | - Suk‐Jin Choi
- Department of PathologyInha University College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea
| | - In‐Suh Park
- Department of PathologyInha University College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea
| | - Jee‐Young Han
- Department of PathologyInha University College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea
| | - Joon‐Mee Kim
- Department of PathologyInha University College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea
| | - Young‐Chae Chu
- Department of PathologyInha University College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea
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10
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Lee YM, Yeo MK, Choi SY, Kim KH, Suh KS. Peritoneal Fluid Cytology of Disseminated Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Combined with Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 53:407-410. [PMID: 31525833 PMCID: PMC6877443 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.07.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Moon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dankook University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Suh
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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11
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Mambetsariev I, Mirzapoiazova T, Lennon F, Jolly MK, Li H, Nasser MW, Vora L, Kulkarni P, Batra SK, Salgia R. Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapeutic Responses Through Fractal Measurements: From Radiology to Mitochondrial Biology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071038. [PMID: 31315252 PMCID: PMC6679065 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine disease with an overall 5 year survival rate of ~7%. Although patients tend to respond initially to therapy, therapy-resistant disease inevitably emerges. Unfortunately, there are no validated biomarkers for early-stage SCLC to aid in early detection. Here, we used readouts of lesion image characteristics and cancer morphology that were based on fractal geometry, namely fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity (LC), as novel biomarkers for SCLC. Scanned tumors of patients before treatment had a high FD and a low LC compared to post treatment, and this effect was reversed after treatment, suggesting that these measurements reflect the initial conditions of the tumor, its growth rate, and the condition of the lung. Fractal analysis of mitochondrial morphology showed that cisplatin-treated cells showed a discernibly decreased LC and an increased FD, as compared with control. However, treatment with mdivi-1, the small molecule that attenuates mitochondrial division, was associated with an increase in FD as compared with control. These data correlated well with the altered metabolic functions of the mitochondria in the diseased state, suggesting that morphological changes in the mitochondria predicate the tumor’s future ability for mitogenesis and motogenesis, which was also observed on the CT scan images. Taken together, FD and LC present ideal tools to differentiate normal tissue from malignant SCLC tissue as a potential diagnostic biomarker for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Mambetsariev
- City of Hope, Dept. of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- City of Hope, Dept. of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Haiqing Li
- City of Hope, Center for Informatics, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- City of Hope, Dept. of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lalit Vora
- City of Hope, Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- City of Hope, Dept. of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- City of Hope, Dept. of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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12
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Kumar R, Gupta N, Dey P, Chaluvashetty SB, Gorsi U. An unusual presentation of carcinoma in gallbladder. Cytojournal 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30820233 PMCID: PMC6367905 DOI: 10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_15_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Address: Department of Cytology and Gynaec Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nalini Gupta
- Address: Department of Cytology and Gynaec Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Address: Department of Cytology and Gynaec Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreedhara B Chaluvashetty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjwal Gorsi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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13
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Hocke M, Dietrich CF. Interventionelle (Endo‑)Sonographie. DER GASTROENTEROLOGE 2018; 13:298-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s11377-018-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
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14
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Tabatabai ZL, Nayar R, Souers RJ, Crothers BA, Davey DD. Performance Characteristics of Body Fluid Cytology Analysis of 344 380 Responses From the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytopathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 142:53-58. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0509-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—
Body fluid cytology is an important diagnostic tool used to identify various conditions. However, an accurate diagnosis in this setting can sometimes be challenging.
Objective.—
To identify the performance characteristics of body fluid cytology by analyzing participant responses from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytopathology.
Design.—
Participant responses from 5102 slides were analyzed for concordance to the general category (GC) and to the reference diagnosis (RD). Nonlinear mixed models were used to analyze concordance.
Results.—
The overall GC concordance was 95.2%. The GC type, participant type, and preparation type were significantly associated with GC concordance (P < .001). Concordance for malignant cases was higher than it was for benign cases. Cytotechnologists had better GC concordance compared to pathologists. ThinPrep (Hologic, Marlborough, Massachusetts) slides had the highest GC concordance. Participant type, fluid type, preparation type, and participant interpretation were significantly associated with RD concordance (P < .001). Pathologists performed better than cytotechnologists did for RD concordance. Pericardial fluid had the lowest RD concordance, especially for cases with normal or reactive findings. Modified Giemsa–stained slides performed best for lymphoma and hematopoietic malignancy. Small cell carcinoma had the highest GC concordance, and its RD concordance was higher in pleural than in peritoneal fluids. Adenocarcinoma showed the highest concordance rates for both GC and RD.
Conclusions.—
This study illustrates the challenges associated with interpreting body fluid cytology, particularly in pericardial fluid, and the factors that may affect accurate diagnoses. The results also highlight the value of using multiple preparation types in challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Laura Tabatabai
- From the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Tabatabai); the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Nayar); the Department of Biostatistics, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Ms Souers); the Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Crothers); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando (Dr Davey)
| | - Ritu Nayar
- From the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Tabatabai); the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Nayar); the Department of Biostatistics, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Ms Souers); the Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Crothers); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando (Dr Davey)
| | - Rhona J. Souers
- From the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Tabatabai); the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Nayar); the Department of Biostatistics, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Ms Souers); the Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Crothers); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando (Dr Davey)
| | - Barbara A. Crothers
- From the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Tabatabai); the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Nayar); the Department of Biostatistics, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Ms Souers); the Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Crothers); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando (Dr Davey)
| | - Diane Davis Davey
- From the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Tabatabai); the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Nayar); the Department of Biostatistics, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Ms Souers); the Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Crothers); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando (Dr Davey)
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15
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Chia N, Pang B, Nga ME. Metastatic small cell carcinoma with psammoma bodies: A diagnostic pitfall. Cytopathology 2017; 29:117-120. [PMID: 28980741 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Chia
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - B Pang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - M E Nga
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Wang X. Cell-in-cell phenomenon: A New Paradigm in Life Sciences. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:810-8. [PMID: 26511712 PMCID: PMC5403960 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666151026095730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-in-cell, a phenomenon characterized by one or more viable cells entering actively into another cell, was observed more than a century and has only attracted more attention in recent years and is becoming a new hot topic in the biological field, owing its biological significance in evolutionary as well as physiological and pathological relevance in development, homeostasis and diseases. In this paper we focus on the diversity, evolutionary conservatism and clinical implication of cell-in-cell as well as latest opinions on the research strategies. Based on the findings from our laboratory and other research groups three working models of cell-in-cell are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Key Laboratory of Normal Aging & Geriatric, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
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17
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Lung Cytopathology (Bronchial and Aspiration Cytology). DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY BOARD REVIEW AND SELF-ASSESSMENT 2015. [PMCID: PMC7319090 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1477-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter is focused on the discussion and review of cytomorphological features of benign and malignant respiratory lesions. The respiratory system can be divided into upper and lower tract, thus, the variety of sampling and preparation methods are also reviewed, since the cytomorphology of the lesion may reveal differently depending on the sampling and preparation techniques. In addition, the critical information regarding molecular tests of lung carcinomas are also reviewed.
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18
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Frisch NK, Nathan R, Ahmed YK, Shidham VB. Authors attain comparable or slightly higher rates of citation publishing in an open access journal (CytoJournal) compared to traditional cytopathology journals - A five year (2007-2011) experience. Cytojournal 2014; 11:10. [PMID: 24987441 PMCID: PMC4058908 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The era of Open Access (OA) publication, a platform which serves to better disseminate scientific knowledge, is upon us, as more OA journals are in existence than ever before. The idea that peer-reviewed OA publication leads to higher rates of citation has been put forth and shown to be true in several publications. This is a significant benefit to authors and is in addition to another relatively less obvious but highly critical component of the OA charter, i.e. retention of the copyright by the authors in the public domain. In this study, we analyzed the citation rates of OA and traditional non-OA publications specifically for authors in the field of cytopathology. DESIGN We compared the citation patterns for authors who had published in both OA and traditional non-OA peer-reviewed, scientific, cytopathology journals. Citations in an OA publication (CytoJournal) were analyzed comparatively with traditional non-OA cytopathology journals (Acta Cytologica, Cancer Cytopathology, Cytopathology, and Diagnostic Cytopathology) using the data from web of science citation analysis site (based on which the impact factors (IF) are calculated). After comparing citations per publication, as well as a time adjusted citation quotient (which takes into account the time since publication), we also analyzed the statistics after excluding the data for meeting abstracts. RESULTS Total 28 authors published 314 publications as articles and meeting abstracts (25 authors after excluding the abstracts). The rate of citation and time adjusted citation quotient were higher for OA in the group where abstracts were included (P < 0.05 for both). The rates were also slightly higher for OA than non-OA when the meeting abstracts were excluded, but the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.57 and P = 0.45). CONCLUSION We observed that for the same author, the publications in the OA journal attained a higher rate of citation than the publications in the traditional non-OA journals in the field of cytopathology over a 5 year period (2007-2011). However, this increase was statistically insignificant if the meeting abstracts were excluded from the analysis. Overall, the rates of citation for OA and non-OA were slightly higher to comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K. Frisch
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Romil Nathan
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yasin K. Ahmed
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Vinod B. Shidham
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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19
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Volante M, Birocco N, Gatti G, Duregon E, Lorizzo K, Fazio N, Scagliotti GV, Papotti M. Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine small and large cell carcinomas: a review of controversial diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:665-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Shidham VB, Demay RM. Announcement of first time Cytojournal impact factor for 2012 coincides with Cytojournal decade celebration (2004-2013). Cytojournal 2013; 10:18. [PMID: 24082914 PMCID: PMC3779425 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.117359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B Shidham
- Address: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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21
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Abstract
CytoJournal, with its continued contribution of scientific cytopathology literature to the public domain under open access (OA) charter, thanks its dedicated peer reviewers for devoting significant efforts, time, and resources during 2011. The abstracts of poster-platform submissions to the 59th Annual Scientific Meeting (November 2011) of the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) in Baltimore, MD, USA, were peer reviewed by the ASC Scientific Program Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B. Shidham
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center, and Detroit Medical Center, Old Hutzel Hospital (Department of Cytology-Ground Floor), 4707 St. Antoine Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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