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Vashisht R, Arivalagan B, Ghedia M. Mycobacterium chelonae lung disease masquerading as Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a TB endemic country. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 46:100434. [PMID: 37945126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium chelonae typically affect skin and soft tissue. Pleural involvement by this organism is exceedingly rare. A young female presented with persistent respiratory complaints along with constitutional symptoms. She had already been treated with standard anti-tubercular therapy with inadequate response and had a recent onset of worsening of her symptoms. A detailed evaluation revealed M. chelonae and she responded well to antimicrobials. We report a case of Mycobacterium chelonae lung disease in an immunocompetent patient and its successful management. High index of suspicion with a correct etiological diagnosis is the need of the hour in current era of drug resistance.
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Bathobakae L, Shahid A, Wilkinson T, Adalja D, Sanchez J, Agnelli M, Suh J, Solis R. Tuberculous Bronchopleural Fistula: A Rare and Life-Threatening Disease. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2023; 11:23247096231220466. [PMID: 38130119 DOI: 10.1177/23247096231220466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, in which abnormal connections form between the bronchial tree and the pleural space. These abnormal connections allow air and secretions to pass from the lungs into the pleural space, causing a range of symptoms from benign cough to acute tension pneumothorax. The management of tuberculous BPF requires an individualized approach based on the patient's condition and response to treatment. Anti-tuberculosis therapy is essential for controlling the active tuberculosis infections. Intercostal drainage and suction are also commonly used to drain air and fluid from the pleural space, providing relief from the symptoms. For some patients, more invasive surgeries, such as decortication, thoracoplasty or pleuropneumonectomy are required to definitively close the fistula when medical management alone is insufficient. Herein, we describe a rare case of tuberculous BPF in a young adult female, who was treated with anti-tuberculosis medications and open thoracotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneeqa Shahid
- St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | | | - Devina Adalja
- St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Jin Suh
- St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Roberto Solis
- St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
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Taoka T, Shinohara T, Hatakeyama N, Iwamura S, Murase Y, Mitarai S, Ogushi F. Mycobacterium Shinjukuense Pulmonary Disease Progressed to Pleuritis after Iatrogenic Pneumothorax: A Case Report. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2020; 19:100160. [PMID: 32373719 PMCID: PMC7191214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2020.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium shinjukuense is a newly identified nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and its gene sequence of 16S rRNA shows high homology to that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We present a case of M. shinjukuense pulmonary disease progressed to pleuritis after iatrogenic pneumothorax. The patient was initially diagnosed as tuberculosis based on a positive result for the 16S rRNA of an M. tuberculosis identification kit using scrapings from the cavitary nodule. We need to bear in mind that pneumothorax following bronchoscopy may induce NTM pleuritis and M. shinjukuense infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mycobacterial pulmonary disease with effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashige Taoka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Clinical Investigation, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan.,Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuo Hatakeyama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iwamura
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Murase
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association
| | - Fumitaka Ogushi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan
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Shah I, Shah F. Nontuberculous mycobacterial empyema in an immunocompetent child. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2018; 61:141-142. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_586_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries: A Review. Can Respir J 2017; 2017:5035932. [PMID: 28348502 PMCID: PMC5350348 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5035932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are causing growing health problems worldwide. This is indicated by an increasing amount of scientific reports showing not only well-identified species reemerging but also emergence of new species. The emergence and reemergence of NTM are particularly worrying in developing countries due to scarce published data and improper identification. Here we aimed to examine the main epidemiological aspects and diagnostic challenges associated with NTM in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and compare these findings to the international arena findings. Data revealed that countries of the GCC are largely dominated by rapidly growing mycobacteria species such as M. fortuitum (29%) and M. abscessus (17%) with high rate of definitive respiratory diseases. On the other hand, most of the developed countries are dominated by slowly growing mycobacteria such as MAC, M. kansasii, and M. gordonae. More efforts are needed, however, to gain insights into NTM issues in countries of the GCC.
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Blair P, Moshgriz M, Siegel M. Mycobacterium fortuitum empyema associated with an indwelling pleural catheter: Case report and review of the literature. J Infect Chemother 2016; 23:177-179. [PMID: 27890417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) that is an uncommon cause of healthcare-associated infections. The most common infections caused by M. fortuitum include skin, soft tissue, and catheter-related infections. Although occasionally cultured from sputum samples, M. fortuitum is a rare cause of pulmonary disease. We report a case of M. fortuitum empyema associated with an infected pleural catheter and review M. fortuitum pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Blair
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mahdi Moshgriz
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marc Siegel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Velayati AA, Rahideh S, Nezhad ZD, Farnia P, Mirsaeidi M. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Middle East: Current situation and future challenges. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:7-17. [PMID: 26655192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of bacterial species that are distributed in the environment. Many of these environmental bacteria can cause disease in humans. The identification of NTM in environmental sources is important for both clinical and epidemiological purposes. In this study, the distribution of NTM species from environmental and clinical samples in the Middle East was reviewed. In order to provide an overview of NTM, as well as recent epidemiological trends, all studies addressing NTM in the Middle East from 1984 to 2014 were reviewed. A total of 96 articles were found, in which 1751 NTM strains were isolated and 1084 of which were obtained from clinical samples, 619 from environmental samples and 48 were cited by case reports. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the most common rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM) isolated from both clinical (269 out of 447 RGM; 60.1%) and environmental (135 out of 289 RGM; 46.7%) samples. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was the most common slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolated from clinical samples (140 out of 637 SGM; 21.9%). An increasing trend in NTM isolation from the Middle East was noted over the last 5years. This review demonstrates the increasing concern regarding NTM disease in the Middle East, emphasizing the need for regional collaboration and coordination in order to respond appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Rahideh
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshani Nezhad
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Schubel K, Bassinet L, Monnet I, Jabot L, Atassi K, Honoré I, Maître B, Housset B, Mangiapan G. [Pleuropneumonia due to Mycobacterium chelonae]. Rev Mal Respir 2011; 28:348-51. [PMID: 21482339 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium chelonae (M. chelonae) is rarely responsible for respiratory infection. This report concerns the case of an 81-year-old man with previously asymptomatic bronchiectasis, colonised by M. chelonae for 3 years. He was hospitalised for acute dyspnoea and fever due to a right hydro-pneumothorax with cavitated alveolar opacities of the right lung. Pleural fluid and bronchial aspiration were positive for M. chelonae and no other microorganisms were detected. The effusion was drained and the patient treated with clarythromycin and amikacin. The radiological abnormalities improved but the patient's general condition remained poor. Treatment was continued for 11 months. Because of the absence of any other bacteria, clinical deterioration following broad-spectrum antibiotics and stabilisation of the lesions after anti-mycobacterial treatment, our diagnosis was severe M. chelonae pleuro-pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schubel
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital intercommunal de Créteil, CHIC de Créteil, 40 avenue de Verdun, Créteil, France
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González-Granado LI. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infection should be ruled out in Mycobacterium chelonae empyema. Ann Thorac Med 2010; 5:55. [PMID: 20351964 PMCID: PMC2841814 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.58964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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