MMP1-1607(1G>2G) polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer in Lebanon

Matrix metalloproteinase family gene polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis

Background

Many studies have investigated the association between matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility. However, the results are still controversial. To clarify these associations, we conducted a meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search of studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Overall and subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity was conducted. OR with 95% CI was used to assess the strength of the association. Furthermore, false-positive report probability (FPRP) tests were also performed for associations obtained in this meta-analysis.

Results

Twenty-four studies, including 10,099 cases and 9,395 controls, were analyzed. Nine polymorphisms were reported. For MMP1 -1607 1G/2G and MMP7 -181 A/G, increased lung cancer risk was found in Asians. For MMP2 -1306 C/T and MMP2 -735 C/T, decreased lung cancer risk was found in both “diverse populations” and Asians. For MMP9 -1562, C/T decreased lung cancer risk was found in both “diverse populations” and Caucasians. For MMP13 -77A/G, the A/G genotype decreased lung cancer risk in Asians. However, only associations between MMP1 -1607 1G/2G, MMP2 -1306 C/T, MMP2 -735 C/T, and MMP7 -181 A/G and lung cancer risk were considered noteworthy according to FPRP tests. There was no association between MMP3 -1171 5A/6A, MMP9 R279Q, and MMP12 -82A/G and lung cancer risk.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggested that MMP1 -1607 1G/2G and MMP7 -181 A/G were risk factors for lung cancer, while MMP2 -1306 C/T, MMP2 -735 C/T, MMP9 -1562 C/T, and MMP13 -77A/G might be protective factors. However, results for MMP9 -1562 C/T and MMP13 -77A/G should be interpreted with caution due to the probability of false-positive reports.

Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase1-1607 1G>2G Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk: An Update by Meta-Analysis

Objective:

The association between matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP1)-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and lung cancer risk is still inconclusive and inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the potential relationship between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and lung cancer risk.

Methods:

The comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CBM, CNKI, Weipu, and Wanfang databases, published up to Nov 10, 2018. Statistical analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results:

A total of 14 relevant studies containing 6068 cases and 5860 controls were included in the study. The results indicated that MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism was significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk under four models: 2G vs. 1G model (pooled OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05-1.34, P < 0.0001); 2G/2G vs. 1G/1G (pooled OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09-1.64, P = 0.003); 2G/2G vs. 1G/1G+1G/2G (pooled OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.06-1.49, P < 0.0001); 2G/2G+1G/2G vs. 1G/1G (pooled OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.05-1.40, P = 0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that there was a higher increase in smoking status under three models: 2G/2G vs. 1G/1G (pooled OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.14-3.77, P = 0.02); 2G/2G vs. 1G/1G+1G/2G (pooled OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.17-2.52, P = 0.006); 2G/2G+1G/2G vs. 1G/1G (pooled OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.14-3.62, P = 0.02). In addition, subgroup analyses by ethnicity further identified the significant association in Asians. Non-smoking population and ethnicity among Caucasian had no relationship with lung cancer susceptibility in four models.

Conclusion:

Our study suggested that MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism was a risk factor for developing lung cancer risk.

Prevalence of T790M mutation among TKI-therapy resistant Lebanese lung cancer patients based on liquid biopsy analysis: a first report from a major tertiary care center

Lung adenocarcinoma patients have variable prognosis due to many factors. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations is one of the factors that implies the need for initiating a first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. However, T790M resistance mutation emergence during treatment accounts for most EGFR-TKI drug resistance. The traditional sample taken for T790M mutation analysis is tissue biopsy, but its numerous disadvantages have introduced liquid biopsy as a preferred method for testing. We studied the prevalence of T790M mutation among pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients in Lebanese patients based on liquid biopsy testing the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We have reviewed the laboratory charts of 52 patients who developed resistance on treatment and referred to AUBMC for EGFR T790M Liquid Biopsy to analyze the mutational analysis results for EGFR T790M. In total, 82.6% of the tested lung cancer patients were positive for a specific EGFR mutation. Among these patients, a total 26.9% were positive for T790M, which is comparable to the international prevalence of this mutation. However, for those cases who developed resistance with circulating DNA showing an EGFR mutation, 50% were positive for T790M that is also comparable to the international literature. This is the first report from Lebanon to discuss the prevalence of T790M mutation using liquid biopsy among Lebanese population. An important landmark molecular epidemiology study that will be a reference to all oncologists in Lebanon and the region in assessing the potential for targeted therapy options in the country. In addition, the data will be of an asset to the building international literature related to this disease.

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy

Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from different anatomical locations, common features can be found in the TME maturation of epithelial-derived tumors. Genetic alterations in tumor cells result in hyperplasia, uncontrolled growth, resistance to apoptosis, and metabolic shift towards anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). These events create hypoxia, oxidative stress and acidosis within the TME triggering an adjustment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a response from neighbor stromal cells (e.g., fibroblasts) and immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages), inducing angiogenesis and, ultimately, resulting in metastasis. Exosomes secreted by TME cells are central players in all these events. The TME profile is preponderant on prognosis and impacts efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Hence, a big effort has been made to develop new therapeutic strategies towards a more efficient targeting of TME. These efforts focus on: (i) therapeutic strategies targeting TME components, extending from conventional therapeutics, to combined therapies and nanomedicines; and (ii) the development of models that accurately resemble the TME for bench investigations, including tumor-tissue explants, “tumor on a chip” or multicellular tumor-spheroids.

A Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Polymorphism, MMP1-1607 (1G>2G), Is Associated with Increased Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Including 21,327 Patients

Although the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) polymorphism MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) has been associated with susceptibility to various cancers, these findings are controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the association between MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) and cancer risk. A systematic search of literature through PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar yielded 77 articles with 21,327 cancer patients and 23,245 controls. The association between the MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) polymorphism and cancer risks was detected in an allele model (2G vs. 1G, overall risk [OR]: 1.174, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.107-1.244), a dominant model (2G2G/1G2G vs. 1G1G OR, OR: 1.192, 95% CI: 1.090-1.303), and a recessive model (2G2G vs. 1G2G/1G1G, OR: 1.231, 95% CI: 1.141-1.329). In subgroup analysis, these associations were detected in both Asians and Caucasians. After stratification by cancer types, associations were found in lung, colorectal, nervous system, renal, bladder, and nasopharyngeal cancers. This meta-analysis revealed that MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of cancers.

Association between promoter polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and risk of gastric cancer

Growing evidences show that matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) plays important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. The interactions between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer (GC) have been reported, but results remained ambiguous. To determine the association between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and risk of GC, we conducted a meta-analysis and identified the outcome data from all the research papers estimating the association between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and GC risk, which was based on comprehensive searches using databases such as PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The fixed-effects model was used in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. In this meta-analysis, six studies involving 1,377 cases and 1,543 controls were included. We identified the significant association between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and GC risk for allele model (OR =1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), for dominant model (OR =1.11; 95% CI, 1.08-1.15), and for recessive model (OR =1.06; 95% CI, 0.98-1.14). In summary, our analysis demonstrated that MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of GC.

Association of matrix metalloproteinase family gene polymorphisms with lung cancer risk: logistic regression and generalized odds of published data

Many studies have reported the association between the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility, but the results were inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis, using a comprehensive strategy based on the logistic regression and a model-free approach, to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between MMP1, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP13 polymorphisms with lung cancer risk. A total of 22 case-control studies including 8202 cases and 7578 controls were included in this meta-analysis. For MMP1-1607 1G/2G, increased lung cancer risk was found among Asians in additive model(OR = 1.34, 95%CI:1.18-1.53) and with model-free approach(OR_G = 1.41, 95%CI:1.21-1.65). For MMP2-1306 C/T and -735 C/T, based on the model-free approach, a significantly reduced risk was found in Asians(MMP2-1306 C/T:OR_G = 0.49,95%CI:0.42-0.57; MMP2-735 C/T: OR_G = 0.71, 95%CI:0.61-0.84). For MMP9-1562 C/T, a significantly increased risk was found among Asians(OR = 2.73, 95%CI:1.74-4.27) with model-free approach. For MMP13-77A/G, there was no association between this polymorphism and lung cancer risk in the recessive model(OR = 1.02, 95%CI:0.83-1.26) and with the model-free approach(OR_G = 0.95, 95%CI:0.76-1.17). Therefore, this meta-analysis suggests that the MMP1-1607 1G/2G, MMP2-1306 C/T, MMP2-735 C/T, MMP9 -1562 C/T polymorphisms were risk factors for lung cancer among Asians, while MMP13 -77A/G polymorphism was not associated with lung cancer risk.

The polymorphism MMP1 -1607 (1G>2G) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cancers from a meta-analysis

Growing evidences show that matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) plays important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. MMP1 -1607 1G>2G is a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of MMP1 and affects MMP1 production. Analysis of previous studies on the association of -1607 1G>2G polymorphism with different cancer types remained to be illustrated. To further assess the effect of -1607 1G>2G polymorphism on cancer risk, we performed this meta-analyses, up to September 8, 2014, of 10,640 cases and 10,915 controls from 42 published case-control designed studies. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 11.0 software. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. ORs with 95% CIs for the polymorphism MMP1 -1607 1G>2G and cancer were estimated using fixed and random effects models when appropriate. Significantly increased risks were found in overall under the models of 2G vs.1G, 2G2G vs. 1G1G, 2G2G/1G2G vs. 1G1G, and 2G2G vs. 2G1G/1G1G. Significantly elevated risks were observed in colorectal adenoma under the models of 2G vs. 1G, 2G2G vs. 1G1G, 2G2G/1G2G vs. 1G1G, and 2G2G vs. 2G1G/1G1G and lung cancer and head and neck cancer under the models of 2G vs. 1G. We found that significantly elevated risks were observed in Asian population and hospital-based studies in most comparison models tested. Thus, this meta-analysis indicates that the polymorphism MMP1 -1607 1G>2G is significantly associated with a significantly increased risk of cancers and may provide evidence-based medical certificate to study the cancer susceptibility.

Association between matrix metalloproteinase 1 -1607 1G>2G polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis including 19706 subjects

The association between MMP1 -1607 1G>2G polymorphism and cancer risk has been reported, but results remained controversial and ambiguous. To assess the association between MMP1 -1607 1G>2G polymorphism and cancer risk, a meta-analysis was performed. Based on comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), we identified outcome data from all articles estimating the association between MMP1 -1607 1G>2G polymorphism and cancer risk. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Thirty-eight studies involving 10178 cases and 9528 controls were included. Overall, significant association between MMP1 -1607 1G>2G polymorphism and cancer susceptibility was observed for additive model (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.35), for codominant model (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.63), for dominant model (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01-1.34), for recessive model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.14-1.52). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the significant association was found among Asians but not among Caucasians. In the subgroup analysis by site of cancer, significant associations were found among lung cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer and bladder cancer. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the MMP1 -1607 1G>2G polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk.

Current evidence on the relationship between five polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) gene and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis

PURPOSE

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 are important members of the MMP family. Recently, many studies have been carried out on the association between polymorphisms of MMP1-1607 1G/2G, MMP2-735 C/T, MMP2-1306 C/T, MMP3-1171 5A/6A and MMP9-1562 C/T and lung cancer risk. However the results of these studies remained inconclusive due to conflicting results from different case-control studies. To clarify these associations, we conducted a meta-analysis.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive search in Medline, EMBASE, OVID and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (date from Jan 2000 to Aug 2012). Overall and subgroup analysis by the ethnicity of study population was carried out. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used to assess the strength of the association.

RESULTS

There were 17 studies involving five polymorphic sites in four MMP genes. For MMP1-1607,increased lung cancer risk was found under dominant model (MMP1-1607 1G/2G: OR=1.14, 95%CI=1.03-1.26, P=0.01), but not in the Caucasian population. For MMP2-1306 C/T, T polymorphism decreased lung cancer risk under dominant and recessive models (dominant, OR=0.63, 95%CI=0.46-0.88, P=0.0006; recessive, OR=0.61, 95%CI=0.38-0.99, P=0.04). For MMP9-1562 C/T, TT genotype decreased this risk under the recessive model (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.19-0.75, P=0.005), but not in the Asian population. For MMP2-735 C/T and MMP3-1171 5A/6A, there was no association between this polymorphism and lung cancer risk under the dominant and recessive models.

CONCLUSIONS

MMP1-1607 1G/2G polymorphism increased lung cancer risk in Asians. It was also found that MMP2-1306 C/T polymorphism decreased lung cancer risk in Asians, while MMP9-1562 C/T polymorphism decreased lung cancer risk in Caucasians. No significant difference was found in any genotype of MMP2-735 C/T and MMP3-1171 5A/6A. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be carried out.