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Vasilyev SA, Savchenko RR, Belenko AA, Skryabin NA, Sleptsov AA, Fishman VS, Murashkina AA, Gribova OV, Startseva ZA, Sukhikh ES, Vertinskiy AV, Sukhikh LG, Serov OL, Lebedev IN. ADAMTS1 Is Differentially Expressed in Human Lymphocytes with Various Frequencies of Endogenous γH2AX Foci and Radiation-Induced Micronuclei. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542210012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chen Y, Zheng W, Li W, Huang Y. Large group activity security risk assessment and risk early warning based on random forest algorithm. Pattern Recognit Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vinnikov V, Hande MP, Wilkins R, Wojcik A, Zubizarreta E, Belyakov O. Prediction of the Acute or Late Radiation Toxicity Effects in Radiotherapy Patients Using Ex Vivo Induced Biodosimetric Markers: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E285. [PMID: 33339312 PMCID: PMC7766345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A search for effective methods for the assessment of patients' individual response to radiation is one of the important tasks of clinical radiobiology. This review summarizes available data on the use of ex vivo cytogenetic markers, typically used for biodosimetry, for the prediction of individual clinical radiosensitivity (normal tissue toxicity, NTT) in cells of cancer patients undergoing therapeutic irradiation. In approximately 50% of the relevant reports, selected for the analysis in peer-reviewed international journals, the average ex vivo induced yield of these biodosimetric markers was higher in patients with severe reactions than in patients with a lower grade of NTT. Also, a significant correlation was sometimes found between the biodosimetric marker yield and the severity of acute or late NTT reactions at an individual level, but this observation was not unequivocally proven. A similar controversy of published results was found regarding the attempts to apply G2- and γH2AX foci assays for NTT prediction. A correlation between ex vivo cytogenetic biomarker yields and NTT occurred most frequently when chromosome aberrations (not micronuclei) were measured in lymphocytes (not fibroblasts) irradiated to relatively high doses (4-6 Gy, not 2 Gy) in patients with various grades of late (not early) radiotherapy (RT) morbidity. The limitations of existing approaches are discussed, and recommendations on the improvement of the ex vivo cytogenetic testing for NTT prediction are provided. However, the efficiency of these methods still needs to be validated in properly organized clinical trials involving large and verified patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada;
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Room 515, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eduardo Zubizarreta
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
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Goh VST, Nakayama R, Blakely WF, Abe Y, Chua CEL, Chew ZH, Nakata A, Fujishima Y, Yoshida MA, Kasai K, Ariyoshi K, Miura T. Improved harvest and fixation methodology for isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:194-207. [PMID: 33135957 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1844338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In suspected radiation exposures, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is used for biodosimetry by detecting micronuclei (MN) in binucleated (BN) cells in whole blood and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Standardized harvest protocols for whole blood were published by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2001 (Technical report no. 405) and 2011 (EPR-Biodosimetry). For isolated PBMC harvest, cytocentrifugation of fresh cells is recommended to preserve cytoplasmic boundaries for MN scoring. However, cytocentrifugation utilizes specialized equipment and long-term cell suspension storage is difficult. In this study, an alternative CBMN harvest protocol is proposed for laboratories interested in culturing PBMCs and storing fixed cells with routine biodosimetry methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood from 4 males (24, 34, 41, 51 y.o.) and females (26, 37, 44, 56 y.o.) was irradiated with 0 and 2 Gy X-rays. For cells harvested with IAEA 2001 and 2011 protocols, whole blood was used. For cells harvested with our protocol (CRG), isolated PBMCs were used. CRG protocol was validated in DAPI, acridine orange and Giemsa stain, and in three other laboratories. Cytoplasm status, nuclear division index (NDI) and induced MN frequency (MN frequency at 2 Gy - background MN frequency at 0 Gy) (MN/1000 BN) of Giemsa-stained BN cells were compared in IAEA 2001, IAEA 2011, IAEA 2011 + formaldehyde (FA) and CRG protocols. Effects of low and high humidity spreading were evaluated. RESULTS >94% of 1000 BN cells were scorable with clear cytoplasmic boundaries in all donors harvested with CRG protocol. FA addition in IAEA 2011 protocol reduced cell rupture in whole blood cultures, but cell rupture was affected by age, sex and humidity. Almost all cells harvested with IAEA 2001 protocol had cytoplasm loss. PBMCs harvested with CRG protocol stained well in DAPI, acridine orange and Giemsa, and showed high scorable BN frequency in all laboratories. A higher NDI and a lower induced MN frequency were seen in 2 Gy isolated PBMC than whole blood cultures. CONCLUSION This quick CBMN harvest protocol for isolated PBMCs is a viable alternative to cytocentrifugation, as many scorable BN cells were obtained with routine biodosimetry reagents and equipment. IAEA 2011 + FA protocol should be used to improve CBMN harvest in whole blood cultures. Humidity during spreading should be optimized depending on the harvest protocol. NDI and MN frequency should be separately evaluated for whole blood and isolated PBMC cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - William F Blakely
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Abe
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Christelle En Lin Chua
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Huai Chew
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- Department of Basic Pharmacy, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Radiation Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Radiation Biomarkers in Large Scale Human Health Effects Studies. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040155. [PMID: 33023046 PMCID: PMC7712754 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Following recent developments, the RENEB network (Running the European Network of biological dosimetry and physical retrospective dosimetry) is in an excellent position to carry out large scale molecular epidemiological studies of ionizing radiation effects, with validated expertise in the dicentric, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)-translocation, micronucleus, premature chromosome condensation, gamma-H2AX foci and gene expression assays. Large scale human health effects studies present complex challenges such as the practical aspects of sample logistics, assay costs, effort, effect modifiers and quality control/assurance measures. At Public Health England, the dicentric, automated micronucleus and gamma-H2AX radiation-induced foci assays have been tested for use in a large health effects study. The results of the study and the experience gained in carrying out such a large scale investigation provide valuable information that could help minimise random and systematic errors in biomarker data sets for health surveillance analyses going forward.
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Palumbo E, Piotto C, Calura E, Fasanaro E, Groff E, Busato F, El Khouzai B, Rigo M, Baggio L, Romualdi C, Zafiropoulos D, Russo A, Mognato M, Corti L. Individual Radiosensitivity in Oncological Patients: Linking Adverse Normal Tissue Reactions and Genetic Features. Front Oncol 2019; 9:987. [PMID: 31632918 PMCID: PMC6779824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse effects of radiotherapy (RT) significantly affect patient's quality of life (QOL). The possibility to identify patient-related factors that are associated with individual radiosensitivity would optimize adjuvant RT treatment, limiting the severity of normal tissue reactions, and improving patient's QOL. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between genetic features and toxicity grading manifested by RT patients looking for possible biomarkers of individual radiosensitivity. Methods: Early radiation toxicity was evaluated on 143 oncological patients according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). An individual radiosensitivity (IRS) index defining four classes of radiosensitivity (highly radiosensitive, radiosensitive, normal, and radioresistant) was determined by a G2-chromosomal assay on ex vivo irradiated, patient-derived blood samples. The expression level of 15 radioresponsive genes has been measured by quantitative real-time PCR at 24 h after the first RT fraction, in blood samples of a subset of 57 patients, representing the four IRS classes. Results: By applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, we found that fatigue was significantly associated with IRS index. Interestingly, associations were detected between clinical radiation toxicity and gene expression (ATM, CDKN1A, FDXR, SESN1, XPC, ZMAT3, and BCL2/BAX ratio) and between IRS index and gene expression (BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, and BCL2/BAX). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study we found that associations exist between normal tissue reactions and genetic features in RT-treated patients. Overall, our findings can contribute to the identification of biological markers to predict RT toxicity in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palumbo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Celeste Piotto
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrica Calura
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Fasanaro
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Groff
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Busato
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Badr El Khouzai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Rigo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Baggio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Demetre Zafiropoulos
- National Laboratories of Legnaro, Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Corti
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Soni A, Murmann-Konda T, Magin S, Iliakis G. A method for the cell-cycle-specific analysis of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations and breaks. Mutat Res 2019; 815:10-19. [PMID: 30999232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The classical G2-assay is widely used to assess cell-radiosensitivity and cancer phenotype: Cells are exposed to low doses of ionizing-radiation (IR) and collected for cytogenetic- analysis ˜1.5 h later. In this way, chromosome-damage is measured in cells irradiated in G2-phase, without retrieving information regarding kinetics of chromosome-break-repair. Modification of the assay to include analysis at multiple time-points after IR, has enabled kinetic-analysis of chromatid-break-repair and assessment of damage in a larger proportion of G2-phase cells. This modification, however, increases the probability that at later time points not only cells irradiated in G2-phase, but also cells irradiated in S-phase will reach metaphase. However, the response of cells irradiated in G2-phase can be mechanistically different from that of cells irradiated in S-phase. Therefore, indiscriminate analysis may confound the interpretation of experiments designed to elucidate mechanisms of chromosome-break-repair and the contributions of the different DSB-repair-pathways in this response. Here we report an EdU based modification of the assay that enables S- and G2-phase specific analysis of chromatid break repair. Our results show that the majority of metaphases captured during the first 2 h after IR originate from cells irradiated in G2-phase (EdU- metaphases) in both rodent and human cells. Metaphases originating from cells irradiated in S-phase (EdU+ metaphases) start appearing at 2 h and 4 h after IR in rodent and human cells, respectively. The kinetics of chromatid-break-repair are similar in cells irradiated in G2- and S-phase of the cell-cycle, both in rodent and human cells. The protocol is applicable to classical-cytogenetic experiments and allows the cell-cycle specific analysis of chromosomal-aberrations. Finally, the protocol can be applied to the kinetic analysis of chromosome-breaks in prematurely-condensed-chromosomes of G2-phase cells. In summary, the developed protocol provides means to enhance the analysis of IR-induced-cytogenetic-damage by providing information on the cell-cycle phase where DNA damage is inflicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Soni
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Tamara Murmann-Konda
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Magin
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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Srivastava P, Sarma A, Chaturvedi CM. Targeting DNA repair with PNKP inhibition sensitizes radioresistant prostate cancer cells to high LET radiation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190516. [PMID: 29320576 PMCID: PMC5762163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High linear energy transfer (LET) radiation or heavy ion such as carbon ion radiation is used as a method for advanced radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. It has many advantages over the conventional photon based radiotherapy using Co-60 gamma or high energy X-rays from a Linear Accelerator. However, charged particle therapy is very costly. One way to reduce the cost as well as irradiation effects on normal cells is to reduce the dose of radiation by enhancing the radiation sensitivity through the use of a radiomodulator. PNKP (polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase) is an enzyme which plays important role in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway. It is expected that inhibition of PNKP activity may enhance the efficacy of the charged particle irradiation in the radioresistant prostate cancer cell line PC-3. To test this hypothesis, we investigated cellular radiosensitivity by clonogenic cell survival assay in PC-3 cells.12Carbon ion beam of62 MeVenergy (equivalent 5.16 MeV/nucleon) and with an entrance LET of 287 kev/μm was used for the present study. Apoptotic parameters such as nuclear fragmentation and caspase-3 activity were measured by DAPI staining, nuclear ladder assay and colorimetric caspase-3method. Cell cycle arrest was determined by FACS analysis. Cell death was enhanced when carbon ion irradiation is combined with PNKPi (PNKP inhibitor) to treat cells as compared to that seen for PNKPi untreated cells. A low concentration (10μM) of PNKPi effectively radiosensitized the PC-3 cells in terms of reduction of dose in achieving the same survival fraction. PC-3 cells underwent significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest too was enhanced at G2/M phase when carbon ion irradiation was combined with PNKPi treatment. Our findings suggest that combined treatment of carbon ion irradiation and PNKP inhibition could enhance cellular radiosensitivity in a radioresistant prostate cancer cell line PC-3. The synergistic effect of PNKPi and carbon ion irradiation could be used as a promising method for carbon-ion therapy in radioresistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asitikantha Sarma
- Radiation Biology Laboratory, Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India
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