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Hirano SI, Takefuji Y. Molecular Hydrogen Protects against Various Tissue Injuries from Side Effects of Anticancer Drugs by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1591. [PMID: 39062164 PMCID: PMC11274581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While drug therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, many anticancer drugs, particularly cytotoxic and molecular-targeted drugs, cause severe side effects, which often limit the dosage of these drugs. Efforts have been made to alleviate these side effects by developing derivatives, analogues, and liposome formulations of existing anticancer drugs and by combining anticancer drugs with substances that reduce side effects. However, these approaches have not been sufficiently effective in reducing side effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has shown promise in this regard. It directly reduces reactive oxygen species, which have very strong oxidative capacity, and indirectly exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects by regulating gene expression. Its clinical application in various diseases has been expanded worldwide. Although H2 has been reported to reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs in animal studies and clinical trials, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our comprehensive literature review revealed that H2 protects against tissue injuries induced by cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and gefitinib. The underlying mechanisms involve reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. H2 itself exhibits anticancer activity. Therefore, the combination of H2 and anticancer drugs has the potential to reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs and enhance their anticancer activities. This is an exciting prospect for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Hirano
- Independent Researcher, 5-8-1-207 Honson, Chigasaki 253-0042, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Takefuji
- Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan;
- Faculty of Data Science, Musashino University, 3-3-3 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-8181, Japan
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Zhou W, Zhang J, Chen W, Miao C. Prospects of molecular hydrogen in cancer prevention and treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:170. [PMID: 38555538 PMCID: PMC10982102 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gas signaling molecules, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been shown to have cancer therapeutic potential, pointing to a new direction for cancer treatment. In recent years, a series of studies have confirmed that hydrogen (H2), a weakly reductive gas, also has therapeutic effects on various cancers and can mitigate oxidative stress caused by radiation and chemotherapy, reducing tissue damage and immunosuppression to improve prognosis. Meanwhile, H2 also has immunomodulatory effects, inhibiting T cell exhaustion and enhancing T cell anti-tumor function. It is worth noting that human intestinal flora can produce large amounts of H2 daily, which becomes a natural barrier to maintaining the body's resistance to diseases such as tumors. Although the potential anti-tumor mechanisms of H2 are still to be investigated, previous studies have shown that H2 can selectively scavenge highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit various ROS-dependent signaling pathways in cancer cells, thus inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The ROS scavenging ability of H2 may also be the underlying mechanism of its immunomodulatory function. In this paper, we review the significance of H2 produced by intestinal flora on the immune homeostasis of the body, the role of H2 in cancer therapy and the underlying mechanisms, and the specific application of H2 to provide new ideas for the comprehensive treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
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Khiji MN, Arghidash F, Tanha GK, Zadeh RH, Ghorbani E, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Gataa IS, Lam AKY, Giovannetti E, Ferns GA, Nazari E, Avan A. The Therapeutic Application of Hydrogen in Cancer: The Potential and Challenges. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1295-1306. [PMID: 38638053 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128296710240404040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen therapy has emerged as a possible approach for both preventing and treating cancer. Cancers are often associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Hydrogen, with its unique physiological functions and characteristics, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, making it an attractive candidate for cancer treatment. Through its ability to mitigate oxidative damage, modulate inflammatory responses, and sustain cellular viability, hydrogen demonstrates significant potential in preventing cancer recurrence and improving treatment outcomes. Preclinical studies have shown the efficacy of hydrogen therapy in several cancer types, highlighting its ability to enhance the effectiveness of conventional treatments while reducing associated side effects. Furthermore, hydrogen therapy has been found to be safe and well-tolerated in clinical settings. Nonetheless, additional investigations are necessary to improve a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying hydrogen's therapeutic potential and refine the administration and dosage protocols. However, further clinical trials are still needed to explore its safety profile and capacity. In aggregate, hydrogen therapy represents an innovative and promising treatment for several malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nazari Khiji
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Faezeh Arghidash
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili Tanha
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Hossein Zadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU University Medical Center [VUMC], Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Elham Nazari
- Department of Health Information, Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Johnsen HM, Hiorth M, Klaveness J. Molecular Hydrogen Therapy-A Review on Clinical Studies and Outcomes. Molecules 2023; 28:7785. [PMID: 38067515 PMCID: PMC10707987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With its antioxidant properties, hydrogen gas (H2) has been evaluated in vitro, in animal studies and in human studies for a broad range of therapeutic indications. A simple search of "hydrogen gas" in various medical databases resulted in more than 2000 publications related to hydrogen gas as a potential new drug substance. A parallel search in clinical trial registers also generated many hits, reflecting the diversity in ongoing clinical trials involving hydrogen therapy. This review aims to assess and discuss the current findings about hydrogen therapy in the 81 identified clinical trials and 64 scientific publications on human studies. Positive indications have been found in major disease areas including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, central nervous system disorders, infections and many more. The available administration methods, which can pose challenges due to hydrogens' explosive hazards and low solubility, as well as possible future innovative technologies to mitigate these challenges, have been reviewed. Finally, an elaboration to discuss the findings is included with the aim of addressing the following questions: will hydrogen gas be a new drug substance in future clinical practice? If so, what might be the administration form and the clinical indications?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hennie Marie Johnsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Nacamed AS, Oslo Science Park, Guastadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo Klaveness
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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张 小, 吴 泽, 蓝 惠, 陈 姗, 吴 杰, 朱 玲, 肖 扬. [Deferoxamine promotes recovery of bone marrow hematopoietic function in mice exposed to a sublethal dose of X-ray irradiation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1577-1584. [PMID: 37814872 PMCID: PMC10563109 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.09.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of deferoxamine (DFO) on bone marrow hematopoietic function in C57 mice exposed to a sublethal dose of X-ray irradiation. METHODS C57 mice exposed to a sublethal dose (5.4 Gy, 1.0 Gy/min) of total body X-ray irradiation (TBI) were treated with subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg DFO, with normal saline as the control, on a daily basis for 10 and 20 consecutive days. Body weight changes of the mice were monitored every 3 days. Five mice were selected from each group at 10 and 20 days for examination of blood cell counts, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, percentage of bone marrow CD34+ cells, bone marrow pathology, and expressions of cleaved PARP-1, cleaved caspase-3, VEGF, GPX4, and SLC7A11 in the nucleated cells. RESULTS The body weight of the mice decreased significantly on day 3 in TBI and DFO groups (P<0.05), and to the lowest on day 6 in TBI group (P<0.01). Blood cell counts and bone marrow nucleated cell counts of the mice were significantly decreased at 10 and 20 days following TBI (P<0.01). On day 10 following TBI, the mice showed significantly decreased nucleated cells and the presence of adipocytes in the bone marrow, where increased expressions of cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3 and lowered expressions of GPX4 and SLC7A11 were detected in the nucleated cells (P<0.05). In the mice exposed to TBI, treatment with DFO significantly increased CD34+ cell percentage (P<0.001), decreased the expressions of cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the expressions of GPX4, SLC7A11 and VEGF in the bone marrow nucleated cells (P<0.05). DFO treatment significantly increased blood cell counts and bone marrow nucleated cells in mice at 20 days following TBI (P<0.05). CONCLUSION DFO improves bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice with sublethal-dose TBI by inhibiting apoptosis and ferroptosis of bone marrow nucleated cells and promoting VEGF expression and CD34+ cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 小敏 张
- 广州中医药大学金沙洲医院,血液科,广东 广州 510168Department of Hematology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510168, China
| | - 泽彬 吴
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 惠璇 蓝
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 姗姗 陈
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 杰 吴
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学中西医结合医院血液科,广东 广州 510000Department of Hematology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 玲玲 朱
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学中西医结合医院血液科,广东 广州 510000Department of Hematology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 扬 肖
- 广州中医药大学金沙洲医院,血液科,广东 广州 510168Department of Hematology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510168, China
- 深圳市前海蛇口自贸区医院血液科,广东 深圳 518067Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Pilot Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, China
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Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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Asgharzadeh F, Tarnava A, Mostafapour A, Khazaei M, LeBaron TW. Hydrogen-rich water exerts anti-tumor effects comparable to 5-fluorouracil in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:242-252. [PMID: 35116114 PMCID: PMC8790422 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Tumor removal remains the preferred frontline treatment; however, effective non-surgical interventions remain a high priority. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapy agent, and molecular hydrogen (H2) has been recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, with research also suggesting its potential anti-tumor effects. Therefore, H2 dissolved in water [hydrogen-rich water (HRW)], with or without 5-FU, may present itself as a novel therapeutic for CRC.
AIM To investigate the effects of HRW, with or without 5-FU, as a novel therapeutic for CRC.
METHODS CRC was induced in the left flank of inbred Balb/c mice. A total of 24 mice bearing tumors were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 per group) and treated as follows: (1) Control group; (2) 5-FU group that received intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (5 mg/kg) every other day; (3) H2 group that received HRW, created and delivered via dissolving the H2-generating tablet in the animals’ drinking water, with 200 μL also delivered by oral gavage; and (4) The combination group, H2 (administered in same way as for group three) combined with 5-FU administered same way as group two.
RESULTS Administration of HRW + 5-FU significantly improved tumor weight, tumor size, collagen content and fibrosis as compared to the CRC control group. Specifically, HRW attenuated oxidative stress (OS) and potentiated antioxidant activity (AA), whereas 5-FU treatment exacerbated OS and blunted AA. The combination of HRW + 5-FU significantly reduced tumor weight and size, as well as reduced collagen deposition and the degree of fibrosis, while further increasing OS and decreasing AA compared to administration of 5-FU alone.
CONCLUSION Administration of HRW, with or without 5-FU, may serve as a therapeutic for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran
| | | | - Asma Mostafapour
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran
| | - Tyler W LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 984104, Slovakia
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, UT 84720, United States
- Biological Research, Molecular Hydrogen Institute, UT 84721, United States
- Department of Physical Science, Southern Utah University, UT 84720, United States
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Abstract
Gliomas are common brain mass with a high mortality rate. Patients with gliomas have a severely bad outcome, with an average survive duration less 15 months because of high recurrent rate and being resistant to radio-therapy and chemistry drugs therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen is extensively taken as an adjuvant treatment for various disease conditions. To know the characteristics of hyperbaric oxygen as a remedy for gliomas, we find that, in general, hyperbaric oxygen shows an obviously positive effect on the treatment of gliomas, and it can also relieve the complications caused by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy of gliomas. Whereas, several researches have shown that hyperbaric oxygen promotes glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Molecular Hydrogen as a Potential Clinically Applicable Radioprotective Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094566. [PMID: 33925430 PMCID: PMC8123813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation (radiation) is commonly used for medical diagnosis and cancer treatment, radiation-induced damages cannot be avoided. Such damages can be classified into direct and indirect damages, caused by the direct absorption of radiation energy into DNA and by free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generated in the process of water radiolysis. More specifically, radiation damage concerns not only direct damages to DNA, but also secondary damages to non-DNA targets, because low-dose radiation damage is mainly caused by these indirect effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has the potential to be a radioprotective agent because it can selectively scavenge •OH, a reactive oxygen species with strong oxidizing power. Animal experiments and clinical trials have reported that H2 exhibits a highly safe radioprotective effect. This paper reviews previously reported radioprotective effects of H2 and discusses the mechanisms of H2, not only as an antioxidant, but also in intracellular responses including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and the regulation of gene expression. In doing so, we demonstrate the prospects of H2 as a novel and clinically applicable radioprotective agent.
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