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Pazaitis N, Kaiser A. TMA-Mate: An open-source modular toolkit for constructing tissue microarrays of arbitrary layouts. HARDWAREX 2023; 14:e00419. [PMID: 37128356 PMCID: PMC10148229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research and quality control procedures often demand a variety of microscopic analysis of numerous formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from different individuals of both healthy and diseased regions of interest. Depending on the number of samples to be analyzed, conventional processing of each FFPE block separately can be laborious or impracticable. This effort can be drastically reduced by using tissue microarrays (TMAs). TMAs have a wide range of applications and can be considered as a high-throughput method to process up to hundreds of miniaturized tissue samples simultaneously on a single microscopy slide, in order to reduce labor, costs and sample consumption, and to increase results comparability. Several commercial and self-made solutions to fabricate TMAs with varying degrees of automation are available. However, these solutions may not be suitable for every situation, either due to high costs, high complexity, lack of precision or lack of flexibility, especially when diagnostically oriented pathology institutes or laboratories with constrained resources are considered. This article introduces the TMA-Mate, an open-source 3D printable modular toolkit for constructing high-density TMAs of arbitrary layouts, providing an affordable, lightweight, and accessible procedure to implement TMAs into existing histology processing pipelines. Step-by-step demonstrations for replicating the hardware and constructing TMAs are included.
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2
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Krytska K, Casey CE, Pogoriler J, Martinez D, Rathi KS, Farrel A, Berko ER, Tsang M, Sano RR, Kendsersky N, Erickson SW, Teicher BA, Isse K, Saunders L, Smith MA, Maris JM, Mossé YP. Evaluation of the DLL3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate rovalpituzumab tesirine in preclinical models of neuroblastoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:616-623. [PMID: 36381237 PMCID: PMC9648412 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas have neuroendocrine features and often show similar gene expression patterns to small cell lung cancer including high expression of delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3). Here we determine the efficacy of rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T), an antibody drug conjugated (ADC) with a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer toxin targeting DLL3, in preclinical models of human neuroblastoma. We evaluated DLL3 expression in RNA sequencing data sets and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on neuroblastoma patient derived xenograft (PDX), human neuroblastoma primary tumor and normal childhood tissue microarrays (TMAs). We then evaluated the activity of Rova-T against 11 neuroblastoma PDX models using varying doses and schedules and compared anti-tumor activity to expression levels. DLL3 mRNA was differentially overexpressed in neuroblastoma at comparable levels to small cell lung cancer, as well as Wilms and rhabdoid tumors. DLL3 protein was robustly expressed across the neuroblastoma PDX array, but membranous staining was variable. The human neuroblastoma array, however, showed staining in only 44% of cases, whereas no significant staining was observed in the normal childhood tissue array. Rova-T showed a clear dose response effect across the 11 models tested, with a single dose inducing a complete or partial response in 3/11 and stable disease in another 3/11 models. No overt signs of toxicity were observed, and there was no treatment-related mortality. Strong membranous staining was necessary, but not sufficient, for anti-tumor activity. Rova-T has activity in a subset of neuroblastoma preclinical models, but heterogeneous expression in these models and the near absence of expression seen in human tumors suggests that any DLL3-targeting clinical trial should be only performed with a robust companion diagnostic to evaluate DLL3 expression for patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Krytska
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen E. Casey
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Komal S. Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Esther R. Berko
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Tsang
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renata R. Sano
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Kumiko Isse
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yael P. Mossé
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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3
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Mascadri F, Bolognesi MM, Pilla D, Cattoretti G. Rejuvenated Vintage Tissue Sections Highlight Individual Antigen Fate During Processing and Long-term Storage. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:659-667. [PMID: 34541944 PMCID: PMC8504260 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211047287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-bearing proteins become progressively unavailable to immunodetection after prolonged storage of routine sections, exposed to a variety of agents, such as moisture, oxygen, and temperature. By proteomic analysis, the antigens are retained in the sections and definitely in the tissue block, pointing to fixation-independent, storage time–dependent protein modifications. Based on previous experience, we hypothesized that a combined exposure to a reducing agent and to chemicals favoring protein conformation changes would reverse the masking in aged sections. Disaccharides, lactose and sucrose, and a surfactant, added to a standard antigen retrieval buffer, reverse the negative changes in aged sections. Furthermore, they provide enhanced access to antigens in freshly cut sections, but not universally, revealing additional factors, besides heat and calcium chelation, required for antigen retrieval of individual proteins:
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mascadri
- Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maddalena M Bolognesi
- Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Pilla
- Department of Pathology, ASST Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Pathology, ASST Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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4
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Kendsersky NM, Lindsay J, Kolb EA, Smith MA, Teicher BA, Erickson SW, Earley EJ, Mosse YP, Martinez D, Pogoriler J, Krytska K, Patel K, Groff D, Tsang M, Ghilu S, Wang Y, Seaman S, Feng Y, Croix BS, Gorlick R, Kurmasheva R, Houghton PJ, Maris JM. The B7-H3-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate m276-SL-PBD Is Potently Effective Against Pediatric Cancer Preclinical Solid Tumor Models. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2938-2946. [PMID: 33619171 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with relapsed pediatric solid malignancies have few therapeutic options, and many of these patients die of their disease. B7-H3 is an immune checkpoint protein encoded by the CD276 gene that is overexpressed in many pediatric cancers. Here, we investigate the activity of the B7-H3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) m276-SL-PBD in pediatric solid malignancy patient-derived (PDX) and cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN B7-H3 expression was quantified by RNA sequencing and by IHC on pediatric PDX microarrays. We tested the safety and efficacy of m276-SL-PBD in two stages. Randomized trials of m276-SL-PBD of 0.5 mg/kg on days 1, 8, and 15 compared with vehicle were performed in PDX or CDX models of Ewing sarcoma (N = 3), rhabdomyosarcoma (N = 4), Wilms tumors (N = 2), osteosarcoma (N = 5), and neuroblastoma (N = 12). We then performed a single mouse trial in 47 PDX or CDX models using a single 0.5 m/kg dose of m276-SL-PBD. RESULTS The vast majority of PDX and CDX samples studied showed intense membranous B7-H3 expression (median H-score 177, SD 52). In the randomized trials, m276-SL-PBD showed a 92.3% response rate, with 61.5% of models showing a maintained complete response (MCR). These data were confirmed in the single mouse trial with an overall response rate of 91.5% and MCR rate of 64.4%. Treatment-related mortality rate was 5.5% with late weight loss observed in a subset of models dosed once a week for 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS m276-SL-PBD has significant antitumor activity across a broad panel of pediatric solid tumor PDX models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jarrett Lindsay
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Anders Kolb
- A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | | | | | - Eric J Earley
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yael P Mosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kateryna Krytska
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Tsang
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samson Ghilu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven Seaman
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yang Feng
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Brad St Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Raushan Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Guffanti F, Alvisi MF, Caiola E, Ricci F, De Maglie M, Soldati S, Ganzinelli M, Decio A, Giavazzi R, Rulli E, Damia G. Impact of ERCC1, XPF and DNA Polymerase β Expression on Platinum Response in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Xenografts. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092398. [PMID: 32847049 PMCID: PMC7564949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum resistance is an unmet medical need in ovarian carcinoma. Molecular biomarkers to predict the response to platinum-based therapy could allow patient stratification and alternative therapeutic strategies early in clinical management. Sensitivity and resistance to platinum therapy are partially determined by the tumor’s intrinsic DNA repair activities, including nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER). We investigated the role of the NER proteins—ERCC1, XPF, ERCC1/XPF complex—and of the BER protein DNA polymerase β, as possible biomarkers of cisplatin (DDP) response in a platform of recently established patient-derived ovarian carcinoma xenografts (OC-PDXs). ERCC1 and DNA polymerase β protein expressions were measured by immunohistochemistry, the ERCC1/XPF foci number was detected by proximity ligation assay (PLA) and their mRNA levels by real-time PCR. We then correlated the proteins, gene expression and ERCC1/XPF complexes with OC-PDXs’ response to platinum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the role of the ERCC1/XPF complex, detected by PLA, in relation to the response to DDP in ovarian carcinoma. None of the proteins in the BER and NER pathways studied predicted platinum activity in this panel of OC-PDXs, nor did the ERCC1/XPF foci number. These results were partially explained by the experimental evidence that the ERCC1/XPF complex increases after DDP treatment and this possibly better associates with the cancer cells’ abilities to activate the NER pathway to repair platinum-induced damage than its basal level. Our findings highlight the need for DNA functional assays to predict the response to platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Guffanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Maria Francesca Alvisi
- Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Elisa Caiola
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Marcella De Maglie
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Filarete Foundation, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sabina Soldati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Decio
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Eliana Rulli
- Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0239014234
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6
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Nguyen HN, Paveau V, Cauchois C, Kervrann C. ATMAD: robust image analysis for Automatic Tissue MicroArray De-arraying. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:148. [PMID: 29673310 PMCID: PMC5909283 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last two decades, an innovative technology called Tissue Microarray (TMA), which combines multi-tissue and DNA microarray concepts, has been widely used in the field of histology. It consists of a collection of several (up to 1000 or more) tissue samples that are assembled onto a single support – typically a glass slide – according to a design grid (array) layout, in order to allow multiplex analysis by treating numerous samples under identical and standardized conditions. However, during the TMA manufacturing process, the sample positions can be highly distorted from the design grid due to the imprecision when assembling tissue samples and the deformation of the embedding waxes. Consequently, these distortions may lead to severe errors of (histological) assay results when the sample identities are mismatched between the design and its manufactured output. The development of a robust method for de-arraying TMA, which localizes and matches TMA samples with their design grid, is therefore crucial to overcome the bottleneck of this prominent technology. Results In this paper, we propose an Automatic, fast and robust TMA De-arraying (ATMAD) approach dedicated to images acquired with brightfield and fluorescence microscopes (or scanners). First, tissue samples are localized in the large image by applying a locally adaptive thresholding on the isotropic wavelet transform of the input TMA image. To reduce false detections, a parametric shape model is considered for segmenting ellipse-shaped objects at each detected position. Segmented objects that do not meet the size and the roundness criteria are discarded from the list of tissue samples before being matched with the design grid. Sample matching is performed by estimating the TMA grid deformation under the thin-plate model. Finally, thanks to the estimated deformation, the true tissue samples that were preliminary rejected in the early image processing step are recognized by running a second segmentation step. Conclusions We developed a novel de-arraying approach for TMA analysis. By combining wavelet-based detection, active contour segmentation, and thin-plate spline interpolation, our approach is able to handle TMA images with high dynamic, poor signal-to-noise ratio, complex background and non-linear deformation of TMA grid. In addition, the deformation estimation produces quantitative information to asset the manufacturing quality of TMAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2111-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Nam Nguyen
- Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.
| | - Vincent Paveau
- Innopsys, Parc d'Activités Activestre, Carbonne, 31390, France
| | - Cyril Cauchois
- Innopsys, Parc d'Activités Activestre, Carbonne, 31390, France
| | - Charles Kervrann
- Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
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7
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Benvenuto M, Masuelli L, De Smaele E, Fantini M, Mattera R, Cucchi D, Bonanno E, Di Stefano E, Frajese GV, Orlandi A, Screpanti I, Gulino A, Modesti A, Bei R. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of breast cancer cell growth by targeting the Hedgehog/GLI pathway with SMO (GDC-0449) or GLI (GANT-61) inhibitors. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9250-70. [PMID: 26843616 PMCID: PMC4891038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Hedgehog (Hh)/glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) signaling has been implicated in cancer progression. Here, we analyzed GLI1, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and NF-κB expression in 51 breast cancer (ductal carcinoma) tissues using immunohistochemistry. We found a positive correlation between nuclear GLI1 expression and tumor grade in ductal carcinoma cases. Cytoplasmic Shh staining significantly correlated with a lower tumor grade. Next, the in vitro effects of two Hh signaling pathway inhibitors on breast cancer cell lines were evaluated using the Smoothened (SMO) antagonist GDC-0449 and the direct GLI1 inhibitor GANT-61. GDC-0449 and GANT-61 exhibited the following effects: a) inhibited breast cancer cell survival; b) induced apoptosis; c) inhibited Hh pathway activity by decreasing the mRNA expression levels of GLI1 and Ptch and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of GLI1; d) increased/decreased EGFR and ErbB2 protein expression, reduced p21-Ras and ERK1/ERK2 MAPK activities and inhibited AKT activation; and e) decreased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. However, GANT-61 exerted these effects more effectively than GDC-0449. The in vivo antitumor activities of GDC-0449 and GANT-61 were analyzed in BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously inoculated with mouse breast cancer (TUBO) cells. GDC-0449 and GANT-61 suppressed tumor growth of TUBO cells in BALB/c mice to different extents. These findings suggest that targeting the Hh pathway using antagonists that act downstream of SMO is a more efficient strategy than using antagonists that act upstream of SMO for interrupting Hh signaling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Cucchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Di Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vanni Frajese
- Department of Physical Education, Human Sciences and Health, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Gulino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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8
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Galli M, Pagni F, De Sio G, Smith A, Chinello C, Stella M, L'Imperio V, Manzoni M, Garancini M, Massimini D, Mosele N, Mauri G, Zoppis I, Magni F. Proteomic profiles of thyroid tumors by mass spectrometry-imaging on tissue microarrays. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:817-827. [PMID: 27939607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study proposes the successful use of a mass spectrometry-imaging technology that explores the composition of biomolecules and their spatial distribution directly on-tissue to differentially classify benign and malignant cases, as well as different histotypes. To identify new specific markers, we investigated with this technology a wide histological Tissue Microarray (TMA)-based thyroid lesion series. Results showed specific protein signatures for malignant and benign specimens and allowed to build clusters comprising several proteins with discriminant capabilities. Among them, FINC, ACTB1, LMNA, HSP7C and KAD1 were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS and found up-expressed in malignant lesions. These findings represent the opening of further investigations for their translation into clinical practice, e.g. for setting up new immunohistochemical stainings, and for a better understanding of thyroid lesions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Sio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Clizia Chinello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Stella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo L'Imperio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Manzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Garancini
- Department of Surgery, Hospital San Gerardo, Monza Brianza, Italy
| | - Diego Massimini
- Department of Surgery, Hospital San Gerardo, Monza Brianza, Italy
| | - Niccolò Mosele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Italo Zoppis
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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9
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D'Urso DG, La Spada A, Tramonte T, Rainoldi B, De Blasio A. Evaluation of cross-sample contamination in tissue microarrays by polymerase chain reaction. Biopreserv Biobank 2015; 13:219-23. [PMID: 26035013 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the popularity and power of Tissue Microarray (TMA) technology has increased since it provides a method to detect diagnostic and prognostic markers in an array of clinical tissue specimens collected for translational research. TMAs allow for rapid and cost-effective analysis of hundreds of molecular markers at the nucleic acid and protein levels. This technology is particularly useful in the realization of the Human Protein Atlas Project, since it aims to create a reference database of non-redundant human proteins. In this context, it is important to assure the lack of cross-sample contamination due to the repeated use of the same needle in consecutive coring. Here we show that carry-over contamination from one tissue core to another does not occur, reinforcing the accuracy of the TMA technology in the simultaneous testing of multiple bio-samples.
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Wallis SP, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Clinical relevance of immune parameters in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2014; 37:449-59. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas D. Stafford
- Hull York Medical School, Daisy Laboratories, Castle Hill Hospital; Hull United Kingdom
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull; Hull United Kingdom
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Application of Tissue Microarray Technology to Stem Cell Research. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:159-67. [PMID: 27600341 PMCID: PMC4996362 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is virtually an unlimited number of possible Tissue Microarray (TMA) applications in basic and clinical research and ultimately in diagnostics. However, to assess the functional importance of novel markers, researchers very often turn to cell line model systems. The appropriate choice of a cell line is often a difficult task, but the use of cell microarray (CMA) technology enables a quick screening of several markers in cells of different origins, mimicking a genomic-scale analysis. In order to improve the morphological evaluations of the CMA slides we harvested the cells by conventional trypsinization, mechanical scraping and cells grown on coverslips. We show that mechanical scraping is a good evaluation method since keeps the real morphology very similar to those grown on coverslips. Immunofluorescence images are of higher quality, facilitating the reading of the biomarker cellular and subcellular localization. Here, we describe CMA technology in stem cell research.
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Scimeca M, Giannini E, Antonacci C, Pistolese CA, Spagnoli LG, Bonanno E. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: an active phenomenon mediated by epithelial cells with mesenchymal characteristics. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:286. [PMID: 24758513 PMCID: PMC4021315 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammary microcalcifications have a crucial role in breast cancer detection, but the processes that induce their formation are unknown. Moreover, recent studies have described the occurrence of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer, but its role is not defined. In this study, we hypothesized that epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics and become capable of producing breast microcalcifications. Methods Breast sample biopsies with microcalcifications underwent energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis to better define the elemental composition of the microcalcifications. Breast sample biopsies without microcalcifications were used as controls. The ultrastructural phenotype of breast cells near to calcium deposits was also investigated to verify EMT in relation to breast microcalcifications. The mesenchymal phenotype and tissue mineralization were studied by immunostaining for vimentin, BMP-2, β2-microglobulin, β-catenin and osteopontin (OPN). Results The complex formation of calcium hydroxyapatite was strictly associated with malignant lesions whereas calcium-oxalate is mainly reported in benign lesions. Notably, for the first time, we observed the presence of magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite, which was frequently noted in breast cancer but never found in benign lesions. Morphological studies demonstrated that epithelial cells with mesenchymal characteristics were significantly increased in infiltrating carcinomas with microcalcifications and in cells with ultrastructural features typical of osteoblasts close to microcalcifications. These data were strengthened by the rate of cells expressing molecules typically involved during physiological mineralization (i.e. BMP-2, OPN) that discriminated infiltrating carcinomas with microcalcifications from those without microcalcifications. Conclusions We found significant differences in the elemental composition of calcifications between benign and malignant lesions. Observations of cell phenotype led us to hypothesize that under specific stimuli, mammary cells, which despite retaining a minimal epithelial phenotype (confirmed by cytokeratin expression), may acquire some mesenchymal characteristics transforming themselves into cells with an osteoblast-like phenotype, and are able to contribute to the production of breast microcalcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Bonanno
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
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Overview on Techniques to Construct Tissue Arrays with Special Emphasis on Tissue Microarrays. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:103-36. [PMID: 27600339 PMCID: PMC5003444 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of new histopathological staining techniques (histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization) and the discovery of thousands of new genes, mRNA, and proteins by molecular biology, the need grew for a technique to compare many different cells or tissues on one slide in a cost effective manner and with the possibility to easily track the identity of each specimen: the tissue array (TA). Basically, a TA consists of at least two different specimens per slide. TAs differ in the kind of specimens, the number of specimens installed, the dimension of the specimens, the arrangement of the specimens, the embedding medium, the technique to prepare the specimens to be installed, and the technique to construct the TA itself. A TA can be constructed by arranging the tissue specimens in a mold and subsequently pouring the mold with the embedding medium of choice. In contrast, preformed so-called recipient blocks consisting of the embedding medium of choice have punched, drilled, or poured holes of different diameters and distances in which the cells or tissue biopsies will be deployed manually, semi-automatically, or automatically. The costs of constructing a TA differ from a few to thousands of Euros depending on the technique/equipment used. Remarkably high quality TAs can be also achieved by low cost techniques.
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