A validated high-performance thin layer chromatography method for estimation of lornoxicam and paracetamol in their combined tablet dosage form

Detection of paracetamol by a montmorillonite-modified carbon paste sensor: A study combining MC simulation, DFT computation and electrochemical investigations

This study aims to develop a suitable electrochemical electrode through the incorporation of potassium montmorillonite (MMTK10)clay into the carbon matrix for the direct and sensitive determination of paracetamol (PAR) in pharmaceutical formulations. Electrochemical characterization of the electrodes involves the use of techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results reveal that the voltammetric response of PAR is linear over a wide concentration range (1.0-15 μM), with a low detection limit of 0.46 μM. Analytically, PAR recovery results were around 94%, indicating that the developed electrode is highly suitable for PAR detection in pharmaceutical formulation. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) is employed to investigate the reactivity of PAR and explain the interaction process of PAR on the electrode surface at different pH values. A Monte Carlo simulations model is developed to provide a deeper understanding of the adsorption mechanism, particularly to comprehend molecular interactions and preferential orientations of PAR with MMT fractions at the electrode surface. Reduced Density Gradient is calculated and discussed using techniques such as Multiwfn and Visualization of Molecular Dynamics. The developed CPE-MMTK10 sensor provided a simple preparation method, rapid response, high sensitivity, reproducibility, strong selectivity, and extended stability. Moreover, there is a good correlation between most parameters calculated by DFT and experimental results, thereby reinforcing the validity of the theoretical approach in this study.

Chemically modified carbon-based electrodes for the determination of paracetamol in drugs and biological samples

Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose of paracetamol can cause fulminant hepatic necrosis and other toxic effects. Thus, the development of advantageous analytical tools to detect and determine paracetamol is required. Due to simplicity, higher sensitivity and selectivity as well as costefficiency, electrochemical sensors were fully investigated in last decades. This review describes the advancements made in the development of electrochemical sensors for the paracetamol detection and quantification in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The progress made in electrochemical sensors for the selective detection of paracetamol in the last 10 years was examined, with a special focus on highly innovative features introduced by nanotechnology. As the literature is rather extensive, we tried to simplify this work by summarizing and grouping electrochemical sensors according to the by which manner their substrates were chemically modified and the analytical performances obtained.

A Validated Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for the Estimation of Capecitabine in its Tablet Dosage Form

Background:

Capecitabine is an orally available prodrug of 5-flurouracil used in the treatment of breast cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and stage III colorectal cancer. Various studies have reported the HPLC, HPLC-MS, MS/MS methods for estimation of capecitabine. However, till date HPTLC method for estimation of capecitabine and its validation is not reported in tablet dosage form.

Introduction:

Presented study deals with the development and validation of stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatography method for the determination of Capecitabine in tablet dosage form.

Methods:

The method was developed using precoated HPTLC plates with silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase and toluene-methanol the ratio of 7.5:2.5 v/v as the mobile phase. Capecitabine (RF 0.48 ± 0.03) and its degradation products were well resolved. The wavelength selected for study was 240 nm. The method was linear in the concentration range 50–550 ng/band with a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The repeatability for six samples was 1.25% RSD. The intraday and interday precisions were 1.46-1.71%RSD and 1.31-1.67% RSD, respectively. The accuracy (recovery) was found to be in the range of 99.10-101.23% with LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.650 and 1.765 mg/band. The mean content of drug in tablet dosage form was found to be 101.51% with a % RSD of 1.20. The drug was subjected to stress conditions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and heat.

Results:

Degradation products produced as a result of the stress conditions did not interfere with the detection of Capecitabine; therefore, the proposed technique can be considered stability-indicating. Capecitabine did not degrade under thermal and photolytic conditions but showed degradation under acidic and alkaline conditions with 15 and 11% decompositions respectively.

Conclusion:

The developed method was found to be facile, simple, specific, precise, and stabilityindicating. It can be employed for the routine analysis of capecitabine in tablet dosage form.

Simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and paracetamol by adsorptive stripping voltammetry using copper zinc ferrite nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode

Development of copper zinc ferrite nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode for the simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and paracetamol using adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry.