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Capoor MR, Sharma S, Goenka S, Das S, Rudramurthy SM, Khunger N, Kamra N. "Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis: A case study of three family members in India, a non-endemic region. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 50:100621. [PMID: 38885904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tinea capitis, a common scalp infection primarily affecting children, is caused by keratinophilic dermatophytic fungi, notably Microsporum and Trichophyton species. Microsporum canis, primarily transmitted from cats and dogs to humans, is rarely reported in non-endemic regions like India. We report a cases involving three family members from Delhi, India, diagnosed with tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis. The index case, a five-year-old boy, contracted the infection through contact with a cat, while his younger brother and sister acquired it through human-to-human transmission within the family. METHODS Clinical examination, microscopic analysis, and molecular identification techniques confirmed the diagnosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed sensitivity to itraconazole and terbinafine but resistance to griseofulvin. RESULTS Treatment with oral terbinafine and topical ketoconazole cream led to successful outcomes for all three patients. Molecular typing confirmed clonality of the isolates, indicating human-to-human transmission. CONCLUSION This case study underscores the significance of considering atypical sources of infection and human-to-human transmission in the diagnosis and management of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis in non-endemic regions. It emphasizes the necessity of thorough contact history assessment and appropriate antifungal therapy for effective control of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini R Capoor
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sheetal Goenka
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India; Dept of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
| | - Sutapa Das
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Niti Khunger
- Department of Dermatology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, India.
| | - Namita Kamra
- Department of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, India.
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Meghwal L, Mehta S, Gupta LK, Balai M, Mittal A. Trichoscopic and Clinico-Morphological Evaluation of Tinea Capitis. Indian Dermatol Online J 2024; 15:437-442. [PMID: 38845633 PMCID: PMC11152477 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_439_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tinea capitis (TC) is a common fungal infection of the scalp, especially in children. Trichoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows rapid and magnified in vivo observation of the hair with the visualization of morphologic features that are often imperceptible to the naked eye. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of trichoscopy in clinical diagnosis and to study various clinico-morphological patterns of TC. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional, observational study included 140 clinically diagnosed cases of TC seen during a period of 1 year (April 2021 to March 2022). All patients were evaluated using a dermoscope (DermLite DL4 Multispectral 3 Gen, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA,10×). Results The prevalence rate of TC in this study was 2.69 per thousand population. The most common clinical variant was gray patch followed by kerion and black dot, and the most common etiological agent was Trichophyton tonsurans. The characteristic trichoscopic features were as follows: comma hairs (80%), followed by corkscrew hairs (68.6%), bent hairs (54.2%), zigzag hairs (35.7%), and morse code-like hairs (15%). Other findings included scaling (89.2%), followed by black dot (67.1%), broken hairs (42.8%), and crusting and pustules (32.1% each). Comma and corkscrew-shaped hairs were most common in the black dot type, whereas zigzag, bent hairs, and morse code hairs were common in the gray patch type of TC. There was a significant association between trichoscopic findings and type of TC. Conclusion Trichoscopy can be considered a novel tool for rapid diagnosis and selection of the appropriate therapy and in the monitoring of treatment efficacy in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavina Meghwal
- Department of Dermatology, R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sharad Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manisha Balai
- Department of Dermatology, R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Asit Mittal
- Department of Dermatology, R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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T. Hedayati M, Kermani F, Javidnia J, Moosazadeh M, Nosratabadi M, Salimi M, Asadi S, Mosayebi E, Hajheydari Z, Golpour M, Rahmatpour Rokni G, Kazemi Nejad A, Shokohi T, Bongomin F. Predominance of Trichophyton tonsurans causing tinea capitis: A 12-year retrospective study in the north of Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:21-27. [PMID: 37867593 PMCID: PMC10590191 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.345026.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Among different clinical entities of dermatophytosis, tinea capitis (TC) is considered a major public health challenge in the world, especially in regions with poor health and low income. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a retrospective analysis of the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory of Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory from July 2009 to April 2022. Hair roots and skin scrapings were collected from the participants. The laboratory diagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination and culture. Finally, 921 out of 11095 (8.3%) patients were suspected of TC. Results Based on the findings, TC was confirmed in 209 out of 921 patients (22.7%). In terms of gender, 209 TC patients (75.1%) were male. Moreover, the male to female ratio of TC patients was 1:3.0. Trichophyton tonsurans (146/174, 83.91%) was the most etiological agent, followed by T. mentagrophytes (13/174, 7.47%), T. violaceum (9/174, 5.17%), Microsporum canis (3/174, 1.71%), T. verrucosum (2/174, 1.15%) and T. rubrum (1/174, 0.57%). Besides, endothrix (77.0%) was the most prevalent type of hair invasion. Conclusion The results revealed the predominance of T. tonsurans, as a causative agent of TC. Despite the prevalence of TC, the absence of appropriate consideration highlights that it is a neglected complication among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Kermani
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Mosayebi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hajheydari
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Golpour
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armaghan Kazemi Nejad
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC), Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Getso MI, Hashemi SJ, Ghazvini RD, Yusuf SM, Khodavaisy S, Gerami-Shoar M, Kibiya FS, Aliyu UT, Sarvestani HK, Aliyu M. Determination of dermatophytes isolated from tinea capitis using conventional and ITS-based sequencing methods in Kano, Nigeria. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101157. [PMID: 34147757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection of the scalp and hair that affects a large number of people worldwide. The disease commonly affects children and manifests with varying degrees of hair loss, scalp inflammation, and psychosocial impact. In Nigeria, the burden of tinea capitis is worrisome affecting over 15,000,000 school-age children. Molecular techniques complement the conventional mycological examinations in laboratory diagnosis of tinea capitis. In this study, we identified dermatophytes species causing tinea capitis in Kano, Nigeria, using ITS-based nucleotide sequencing technique in addition to conventional mycological examination. METHODS We collected 112 samples from the scalp of children with clinically diagnosed tinea capitis at the dermatology clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, between April and September 2019. The samples were processed and subjected to direct microscopy and mycological culture to isolate dermatophytes species that were identified morphologically and using ITS sequencing. RESULTS Out of the 112 patients investigated, the majority (59.8%) were between the ages 6 and 9 years with a mean age of 7.3 ± 1.9 years. Males (79.5%) were predominantly affected. Black dot (46.4%) was the most common clinical type of tinea capitis followed by gray patch (39.3%) and kerion (1.8%). Favus was not observed. Microsporum audouinii (45.7%) was the predominant etiologic agent followed by Trichophyton soudanense (28.6%), T. violaceum (22.9%), and T. tonsurans (2.9%). CONCLUSION The prominence of anthropophilic dermatophytes as the main causes of tinea capitis in our localities suggests that public health interventions to promote health education and good hygiene practices would minimize the transmission rate of tinea capitis among children in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roshanak Daie Ghazvini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shehu Mohammed Yusuf
- Dermatology unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano- Nigeria; Consultant Dermatologist, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gerami-Shoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faiza Sadauki Kibiya
- Dermatology unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano- Nigeria
| | - Usman Tijjani Aliyu
- Consultant Dermatologist, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
| | - Hasti Kamali Sarvestani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011, Kano- Nigeria
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Rodríguez‐Cerdeira C, Martínez‐Herrera E, Szepietowski J, Pinto‐Almazán R, Frías‐De‐León M, Espinosa‐Hernández V, Chávez‐Gutiérrez E, García‐Salazar E, Vega‐Sánchez D, Arenas R, Hay R, Saunte D. A systematic review of worldwide data on tinea capitis: analysis of the last 20 years. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:844-883. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodríguez‐Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Dermatology Department Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E. Martínez‐Herrera
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - J.C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - R. Pinto‐Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - M.G. Frías‐De‐León
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - V.M. Espinosa‐Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. Chávez‐Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. García‐Salazar
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - D.C. Vega‐Sánchez
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Arenas
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Hay
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology King's College London London UK
| | - D.M. Saunte
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Kumar P, Pandhi D, Bhattacharya SN, Das S. Trichoscopy as a Diagnostic Tool for Tinea Capitis: A Prospective, Observational Study. Int J Trichology 2020; 12:68-74. [PMID: 32684678 PMCID: PMC7362962 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_30_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tinea capitis is the most common pediatric dermatophyte infection. Trichoscopy aids in the rapid diagnosis and allows prompt treatment, preventing horizontal transmission. Objectives The objective of this study is to document the trichoscopic features of tinea capitis and evaluate its correlation with clinical type, microscopic form, and mycological culture and propose diagnostic trichoscopic criteria. Materials and Methods Trichoscopy was performed, after taking consent in 98 participants (<18 years) of tinea capitis diagnose by hair root and scalp scraping examination for hyphae positive on potassium hydroxide mount microscopy or culture positive on SDA media. The comparison of observed trichoscopic features, with the clinical type, pattern of invasion, and etiological agent was carried out. Results The most common clinical variant was black dot, and etiological agent was Trichophyton violaceum. The following trichoscopic features were noted: black dot, comma, short broken, corkscrew, horse-shoe, zigzag hair, and perifollicular scaling. Perifollicular scaling was significantly common in gray-patch variant, whereas comma, black dot, horse-shoe hair, and perifollicular scaling were noted in black-dot variant. Comma, corkscrew, and zig-zag hair were significantly present in endothrix form, whereas perifollicular scaling was evident in ectothrix form. Combining perifollicular scaling with comma hair, short broken, and black dot hair achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.97%. Conclusions Trichoscopy by evaluating for the combination of perifollicular scaling and 3 dystrophic hair (comma hair, black dot, and short-broken hair) is a good diagnostic tool for tinea capitis. Horse-shoe hair a novel finding, not hitherto reported in the literature requires validation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Pandhi
- Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sambit Nath Bhattacharya
- Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Michelle V, Shilpa K, Leelavathy B, Asha GS. Telephone Handle Hair: A Novel Trichoscopic Finding in Black Dot Tinea Capitis. Int J Trichology 2019; 11:181-183. [PMID: 31523114 PMCID: PMC6706983 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_25_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishu Michelle
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanathur Shilpa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Budamakuntala Leelavathy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gowrappala Shanmukhappa Asha
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Bunyaratavej S, Leeyaphan C, Rujitharanawong C, Muanprasat C, Matthapan L. Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of a Tinea Capitis Outbreak Among Novice Buddhist Monks. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:371-373. [PMID: 28318040 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sixty novice Buddhist monks with tinea capitis confirmed according to clinical presentation and mycological laboratory finding were included in this study. Mixed-type clinical presentation was observed in approximately half of all cases, together with scarring alopecia (95%) and superficial fungal skin infection at locations other than the scalp (43.3%). The major isolated organism was Trichophyton violaceum, and mixed-organism infection was found in 27 cases (45%). Slow-onset presentation and an extensive area of infection were significantly associated with mixed-type clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanas Bunyaratavej
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charussri Leeyaphan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuda Rujitharanawong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanai Muanprasat
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lalita Matthapan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bhat YJ, Zeerak S, Kanth F, Yaseen A, Hassan I, Hakak R. Clinicoepidemiological and Mycological Study of Tinea Capitis in the Pediatric Population of Kashmir Valley: A Study from a Tertiary Care Centre. Indian Dermatol Online J 2017; 8:100-103. [PMID: 28405548 PMCID: PMC5372428 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.202279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection that predominantly affects the pediatric population. The etiological factors vary from region to region, and the exact incidence remains obscure. The clinicoepidemiological and mycological aspects of this dermatophytosis were studied in a tertiary care centre in Kashmir valley. AIM To determine the clinicoepidemiological aspects and mycological findings of dermatophytes involved in tinea capitis cases in Kashmir valley. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wood's lamp examination, KOH examination, and fungal culture were performed in one hundred fifty clinically diagnosed cases of tinea capitis with patients' age upto 14 years over a period of 6 months. The epidemiological factors associated with the disease were also evaluated. RESULTS Tinea capitis was predominant in the 3-6 and 6-9 years age groups with a male preponderance. Grey patch tinea capitis was the most common variant. KOH positivity was 76%, and Trichophyton tonsurans was the most common fungal isolate. CONCLUSION Tinea capitis is a very common fungal infection in our setting. Early detection and diagnosis is mandatory to prevent its spread in the community as well as the development of scarring alopecia in the affected individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen J Bhat
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, Government Medical College, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sumaya Zeerak
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, Government Medical College, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Farhat Kanth
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Atiya Yaseen
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, Government Medical College, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iffat Hassan
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, Government Medical College, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubina Hakak
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Epidemiología de la tinea capitis: 19 años de experiencia en un laboratorio clínico especializado en Colombia. INFECTIO 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infect.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Mashiah J, Kutz A, Ben Ami R, Savion M, Goldberg I, Gan Or T, Zidan O, Sprecher E, Harel A. Tinea capitis outbreak among paediatric refugee population, an evolving healthcare challenge. Mycoses 2016; 59:553-7. [PMID: 27061446 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of tinea capitis (TC) represent a major medical and economic burden. Population migrations have become a phenomenon of increasing relevance for medical conditions management. Given the recent massive arrival of immigrants, we sought to determine epidemiologic trends for TC among paediatric populations at the Tel Aviv Medical Center. We conducted a retrospective study of all TC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 in a paediatric dermatology unit of a tertiary medical centre, serving as a referral centre for the paediatric refugee population from the great Tel Aviv area. Epidemiologic, clinical and treatment data including effectiveness and safety were reviewed. In all, 145 children met the inclusion criteria. Trend analyses showed increases in TC rates over the study period. Incidence rates were higher in boys than in girls. Children of African origin had the highest TC incidence rates as compared with other ethnic groups. Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum audouinii were the predominant causative organisms. Treatment with griseofulvin was satisfactory in all cases. There was a significant increase in TC incidence rates in the Tel Aviv area over the study period. TV and MA were the predominant organisms. These trends may be a result of poor living conditions and crowded school premises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mashiah
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Kutz
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben Ami
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mihal Savion
- Tel Aviv District Health Office, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Gan Or
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omri Zidan
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avikam Harel
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Shemer A, Grunwald MH, Gupta AK, Lyakhovitsky A, Daniel CR, Amichai B. Griseofulvin and Fluconazole Reduce Transmission of Tinea Capitis in Schoolchildren. Pediatr Dermatol 2015. [PMID: 26215468 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of griseofulvin and fluconazole in reducing the potential for person-to-person transmission of tinea capitis (TC) in children. METHODS Children with TC with positive fungal cultures were treated with griseofulvin 25 mg/kg/day (group A) or fluconazole 6 mg/kg/day (group B) for at least 21 days and up to 12 weeks until cure was achieved. Clinical and mycologic examinations occurred before treatment and on days 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 of treatment. During each visit, mycologic examination was performed from scalp lesions of children and fingertips of medical staff and parents after a brief touch of the patient's scalp lesions. RESULTS Ninety patients were enrolled: 48 treated with griseofulvin and 42 with fluconazole. The predominant species were Trichophyton violaceum (n = 44) and Microsporum canis (n = 41), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 3) and Trichophyton rubrum (n = 2). Ten days after treatment more than 75% of patients from both treatment groups were noncontagious. At day 21, all patients from group A were noncontagious and two (7%) with positive culture of M. canis from group B were still contagious. CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant differences were found between treatment groups. Griseofulvin and fluconazole reduced the potential for disease transmission in children with TC, with griseofulvin being more effective for M. canis infections, although children with TC may be potentially contagious even after up to 3 weeks of treatment. These data should be considered regarding school attendance of children with TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcello H Grunwald
- Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Aditya K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mediprobe Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carlton Ralph Daniel
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Boaz Amichai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
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13
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Topaloğlu Demir F, Karadag AS. Are Dermatophytid Reactions in Patients with Kerion Celsi Much More Common Than Previously Thought? A Prospective Study. Pediatr Dermatol 2015; 32:635-40. [PMID: 25677472 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytid reactions are secondary eruptions in response to dermatophytosis. Only a few cases demonstrating an association between dermatophytid reactions and tinea capitis have been reported. Dermatophytid reactions were evaluated in patients diagnosed with kerion celsi. Patients admitted to the dermatology clinic of Van Regional Training and Research Hospital between November 22, 2012, and July 1, 2013, diagnosed with kerion celsi were evaluated for dermatophytid reactions. Six girls (32%) and 13 boys (68%) were included in this study. Dermatophytid reactions were detected in 13 of the 19 patients (68%). Seven patients (36.84%) had eczematous patches or plaques and three (15.8%) had papules. Eczematous lesions, papules, and pustules were noted in two patients (10.5%) and one (5.3%) had signs of an angioedema-like reaction. Dermatophytid reactions in all patients were observed before the initiation of therapy. According to our clinical experiences, dermatophytid reactions in patients with kerion celsi were more common than reported. Eczematous scaly patches or plaques were the most frequently seen forms of dermatophytid in patients with kerion celsi. Dermatophytid reactions may occur before or after initiation of systemic antifungal therapy. Recognition of this reaction is important so that dermatophytids can be distinguished from drug reactions and the decision can be made whether to continue or to stop the systemic antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayse Serap Karadag
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, S.B Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Clinicoetiologic investigations on superficial mycoses of Warangal (A.P) India. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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