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Yousefi B, Mehran M, Sadabadi Y, Banakar M, Haghgoo R. Effect of cheese and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on erosive lesions of primary teeth enamel following exposure to amoxicillin and ibuprofen syrups: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2024; 21:25. [PMID: 39188393 PMCID: PMC11346595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The acidic component of liquid medicinal syrups used by pediatric patients may cause erosion and partial demineralization. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cheese and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on erosive lesions of primary teeth enamel following exposure to amoxicillin and ibuprofen syrups. Materials and Methods In this in vitro study, 60 noncarious deciduous molars were used. After measuring the surface microhardness of the samples, they were randomly separated into two groups and immersed in either amoxicillin or ibuprofen for 1 min three times per day. CPP-ACP, cheese, and artificial saliva were then applied to each of the three subgroups (n = 10). After each immersion time, 10 min of therapy was given. Between treatment intervals, the samples were kept in artificial saliva. The microhardness was remeasured after 1 week. Data were analyzed using SPSS software through repeated-measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results All samples' microhardness reduced considerably after immersion in liquid pharmaceuticals (amoxicillin [84.9 kgf/mm2] and ibuprofen [75.1 kgf/mm2]), but increased significantly following exposure to therapeutic solutions. There was no difference between the amoxicillin-cheese and amoxicillin-CPP-ACP subgroups (P = 0.975). A statistically insignificant difference was found between the ibuprofen group and the ibuprofen-CPP-ACP subgroup (P = 0.499). Conclusion As a result, cheese and CPP-ACP can be utilized to remineralize erosive lesions caused by amoxicillin or ibuprofen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Yousefi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Majid Mehran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Yoones Sadabadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Morteza Banakar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Bojnurd, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roza Haghgoo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Bojnurd, Iran
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Hertel S, Basche S, Schmidt V, Staszyk C, Hannig C, Sterzenbach T, Hannig M. Erosion behaviour of human, bovine and equine dental hard tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19617. [PMID: 37949920 PMCID: PMC10638419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental hard tissues from different species are used in dental research, but little is known about their comparability. The aim of this study was to compare the erosive behaviour of dental hard tissues (enamel, dentin) obtained from human, bovine and equine teeth. In addition, the protective effect of the pellicle on each hard tissue under erosive conditions was determined. In situ pellicle formation was performed for 30 min on enamel and dentin samples from all species in four subjects. Calcium and phosphate release was assessed during 120 s of HCl incubation on both native and pellicle-covered enamel and dentin samples. SEM and TEM were used to examine surface changes in native enamel and dentin samples after acid incubation and the ultrastructure of the pellicle before and after erosive exposure. In general, bovine enamel and dentin showed the highest degree of erosion after acid exposure compared to human and equine samples. Erosion of human primary enamel tended to be higher than that of permanent teeth, whereas dentin showed the opposite behaviour. SEM showed that eroded equine dentin appeared more irregular than human or bovine dentin. TEM studies showed that primary enamel appeared to be most susceptible to erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hertel
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Basche
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Schmidt
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - C Staszyk
- Institute for Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty for Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Sterzenbach
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Larie Baghal SM, Salem K, Saati K. An In-Vitro Comparative Study of Fluoride Varnish and Two Calcium-Containing Fluoride Products on the Remineralization of Primary Teeth Enamel. Front Dent 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37701656 PMCID: PMC10493113 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v20i23.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and two calcium-based fluoride products on the remineralization of primary teeth enamel. Materials and Methods: Surface-microhardness (SMH) of 36 extracted anterior primary teeth was measured by Vickers test (50gr/5 seconds) to provide a baseline for later comparisons. All teeth were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to create caries-like lesions and SMH was determined for the artificially-induced caries. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups consisting of 5% fluoride varnish once daily/10 seconds, Clinpro™ 5000 toothpaste once daily/2 minutes, and Remin Pro cream once daily/3 minutes for 28 days. All specimens were kept in artificial saliva with pH cycling during the study period. After remineralization, SMH was evaluated for the last time. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Mauchly's sphericity, and RM-ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for inter-and- intra-group comparisons at the three stages of the study. Results: Neither the baseline SMH nor the SMH of the artificially created caries showed significant differences among the samples (P>0.05). The post-treatment SMH was highest in the Clinpro group (296.4±73.1kgf/mm2), followed by Remin Pro (283.8±119.3kgf/mm2), and varnish (270.9±78.3 kgf/mm2). There was no significant difference among the groups after treatment (P>0.05). We also did not observe a significant difference among the three different study stages (P>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, daily application of low fluoride-calcium compound seems to be as effective as the professional use of fluoride varnish or high-content fluoride toothpaste in remineralizing initial caries of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Larie Baghal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Salem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Saati
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Nishna T, Adyanthaya A, Johnson AM, Venugopal J, Venugopal M, Anju RV. Estimation of the Efficacy of Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Deciduous Teeth Demineralized Using Pediatric Formulations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:325-336. [PMID: 38149811 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the demineralizing effect of commonly used pediatric syrup formulations on primary teeth and the efficacy of two readily available remineralizing agents in treating this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety primary teeth were used for sample preparation and divided into three groups: antibiotic syrup (group A), cough syrup (group B), and control (group C) groups. These groups were further categorized into intragroups according to the treatment with remineralizing agents: groups A1, B1, and C1 received GC Tooth Mousse (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, CPP-ACP paste) and groups A2, B2, and C2 received Clinpro Tooth Crème. The samples were subjected to a series of demineralization cycles for 14 days, and remineralization cycles until 30 days were performed using two remineralizing agents, that is, GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP paste) and Clinpro Tooth Crème and were evaluated using Vicker's microhardness test. RESULTS Antibiotic syrup (group A) and cough syrup (group B) showed a significant decrease in surface microhardness compared with control (group C). All intragroups showed an increase in surface microhardness after treatment with remineralizing agents, which was significantly higher in intragroups A1, B1, and C1 treated with GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP paste). CONCLUSIONS Oral liquid medications showed definite demineralization potential. CPP-ACP paste was found to be better than Clinpro Tooth Crème for demineralized teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of over-the-counter drugs has increased among the average Indian population, especially for the treatment of fever, cold, and cough. Unwise use of medications by the present population without proper medical guidance will lead to irreparable changes in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishna
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India, Phone: +91 8606853358, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-501X
| | - Amith Adyanthaya
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KMCT Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Ann Meera Johnson
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jipsa Venugopal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Malini Venugopal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-1809
| | - R V Anju
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KMCT Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-3413
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Hadidi F, Haghgoo R, Kameli S, Ahmadvand M. Evaluation of Remineralizing Effects of CPP-ACP and Nanohydroxyapatite on Erosive Lesions of Enamel in Deciduous Teeth After Exposure to Acetaminophen Syrup: An in vitro Study. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2206272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Oral pediatric liquid medications are commonly used in children who suffer from chronic diseases. Due to acid components in their formulations, these medications may possess a high erosive potential to dental tissues. Erosion is one of the major causes of degradation and demineralization of the enamel. If demineralization causes are not inhibited, it progresses and completely degrades the enamel. So, the dentin is exposed, and, finally, the pulp will be engaged in the process.
Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the remineralizing properties of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and nanohydroxyapatite on erosive lesions caused by acetaminophen syrup intake in vitro.
Methods:
The microhardness of 34 healthy human primary molars was determined prior to and following a seven-day, three-times-a-day, one-minute exposure to acetaminophen syrup. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups and were immersed in artificial saliva, fluoride gel, nano-hydroxyapatite, and CPP-ACP for 10 minutes. Then, their final microhardness was measured, and repeated-measures ANOVA analyzed the data.
Results:
Enamel microhardness in two groups decreased after exposure to acetaminophen syrup and increased after applying remineralization agents, CPP-ACP, and nano-hydroxyapatite. The two groups did not show significant differences in terms of microhardness increase (p-value=0.141).
Conclusions:
According to the findings of this study, CPP-ACP and nano-hydroxyapatite can improve the microhardness of enamel, which has been reduced as a result of exposure to medicinal syrups.
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Rajeev G, Lewis AJ, N S. A time based objective evaluation of the erosive effects of various beverages on enamel and cementum of deciduous and permanent teeth. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e1-e8. [PMID: 31976037 PMCID: PMC6969956 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erosion of the teeth is a chronic irreversible process leading to loss of surface enamel and even the dentin, in turn causing sensitivity and pain. Increased consumption of carbonated beverages remains a major cause for dental erosion. However, many of the so called safe beverages that are consumed may also have sufficiently low pH to cause dental erosion. One of the parameters to measure the dental erosion is estimation of hardness and surface roughness. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the difference in hardness and surface roughness of enamel and cementum using three beverages namely (carbonated drink, lime soda, lime juice) in deciduous and permanent teeth.
Material and Methods Ten permanent and three deciduous teeth samples each were kept in lime juice, lime soda, carbonated beverage and tap water. The VHN using Vickers hardness tester and Ra value using surface profilometer were assessed at baseline, 1 day and 10 days.
Results At the end of 10 days the decrease in hardness of enamel of permanent teeth was maximum for teeth immersed in carbonated beverage followed by lime soda and lime juice. However, in the deciduous teeth it was observed that the VHN drop was maximum at 1 day in relation to teeth immersed in carbonated beverage followed by lime juice and lime soda. The hardness of cementum decreased significantly at the end of ten days both in deciduous as well as permanent teeth.
Conclusions The present study shows that many of the most commonly used beverages like lime juice and lime soda have a sufficiently low pH to cause erosion of the enamel surface as well as that of cementum of both deciduous and permanent teeth. Though protective mechanisms do exist in the oral cavity to neutralize the acids present in these beverages, continuous usage of these beverages leads to irreversible damage to the tooth structure. Key words:Dental erosion, hardness, surface roughness, permanent teeth, deciduous teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Rajeev
- Former Student. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Amitha J Lewis
- Associate Professor. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. Light House Hill Road, Mangalore -575001. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Srikant N
- Professor and Head. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
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Tabari M, Alaghemand H, Qujeq D, Mohammadi E. Effect of Popping Chocolate and Candy on Enamel Microhardness of Primary and Permanent Teeth. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 7:370-376. [PMID: 29387623 PMCID: PMC5774060 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_386_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives Dental erosion is a common disease in children. Food diets, due to high amounts of juice, soft drinks, chewing gum, and acidic chocolate, are one of the most important risk factors in erosive processes among children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of candy and chocolate on the microhardness of tooth enamel. Materials and Methods Two types of popping candy and one type of popping chocolate were used in this study. Thirty-three healthy permanent premolar teeth and 33 primary incisor teeth (A or B) were selected. Five grams of each popping chocolate or candy was dissolved with 2 ml of artificial saliva. Subsequently, their pH and titrable acidity (TA) as well as microhardness and surface roughness of enamel were examined in the laboratory. Data were analyzed and evaluated Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY through independent t-test, paired t-test, Tukey test, and ANOVA. Results The results of this study showed that only the pH of the candies was below the critical pH of the enamel (5.5) and their TA was B = 0.20 and C = 0.21. The most significant effect on the enamel microhardness of the permanent and primary teeth was by the following types of candy: orange flavor (C), strawberry flavor (B), and chocolate (A), respectively. This difference was significant (P < 0.001) and the surface roughness increased after exposure. Conclusions This study showed that popping chocolate and candy reduces microhardness of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Tabari
- Dental Materials Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol, Iran.,Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghemand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol, Iran.,Assistant Professor of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran.,Assistant Professor of Clinical Biochemistry, Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran
| | - Elahe Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Yu OY, Mei ML, Zhao IS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111245. [PMID: 29077034 PMCID: PMC5706192 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of fluoride on subsurface enamel demineralization induced by two commonly used chemical models. Forty-eight enamel blocks were demineralized at pH = 5.0 by an acetate buffer (Group 1), a lactate buffer (Group 2), an acetate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 3) and a lactate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 4) at 25 °C for 3 weeks. The surface destruction percentage (SDP), mineral loss and lesion depth of the blocks were studied using micro-computed tomography. An elemental analysis of the enamel surface was evaluated using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Surface micro-hardness was determined by the Knoop Hardness Test. The mean lesion depth of Groups 1 through 4 were 134.1 ± 27.2 μm, 96.1 ± 16.5 μm, 97.5 ± 22.4 μm and 91.1 ± 16.2 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3 > 4). The SDPs of groups 1 through 4 were 7.8 ± 8.93%, 0.71 ± 1.6%, 0.36 ± 1.70% and 1.36 ± 2.94% (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3, 4). The fluoride in mean weight percentages of groups 1 through 4 were 1.12 ± 0.24%, 1.10 ± 0.20%, 1.45 ± 0.40% and 1.51 ± 0.51%, respectively (p < 0.001; group 3, 4 > 1, 2). The mean Knoop hardness values of groups 1 through 4 were 27.5 ± 13.3, 39.7 ± 19.3, 73.6 ± 44.2 and 91.0 ± 57.2, respectively (p < 0.001; group 4 > 3 > 2 > 1). The chemical model using an acetate buffer solution created significantly deeper zones of subsurface demineralization on enamel than the lactate buffer solution. An acetate buffer may damage the enamel surface, but the surface damage can be prevented by adding fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Molaasadolah F, Eskandarion S, Ehsani A, Sanginan M. In Vitro Evaluation of Enamel Microhardness after Application of Two Types of Fluoride Varnish. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC64-ZC66. [PMID: 28969276 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/30121.10412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of fluoride compounds is one of the most effective ways of preventing decay and among these varnishes have high acceptance among different fluoride products. AIM Hence, the aim of this research was to evaluate the micro-hardness of tooth enamel after the usage of two different commercial products of fluoride varnish. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro experimental study was performed on 51 extracted premolar teeth. The teeth were divided randomly into three 17-membered groups. The first group received Duraflor varnish, the second group received Ariadent Iranian varnish while the third group received no treatment. Micro hardness of tooth enamel was measured utilizing Vickers method before and after the use of fluoride varnish. ANOVA, Tukey, and Wilcoxon statistical tests were utilized for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS The comparison of mean change in micro hardness before and after the use of fluoride showed that increase in micro hardness in Duraflor varnish and Ariadent varnish group was significant when compared to control group (p<0.05) but no significant statistical difference was observed in terms of mean of micro hardness after intervention between two groups of Duraflor varnish and Ariadent varnish (p>0.05). CONCLUSION According to the findings, the use of fluoride significantly increased the enamel micro hardness which did not show a significant difference between two groups of Duraflor varnish and Ariadent varnish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Molaasadolah
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Eskandarion
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Material, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Ehsani
- Resident, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Extraoral Taste Receptor Discovery: New Light on Ayurvedic Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 28642799 PMCID: PMC5469997 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5435831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More and more research studies are revealing unexpectedly important roles of taste for health and pathogenesis of various diseases. Only recently it has been shown that taste receptors have many extraoral locations (e.g., stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, respiratory system, heart, brain, kidney, urinary bladder, pancreas, adipose tissue, testis, and ovary), being part of a large diffuse chemosensory system. The functional implications of these taste receptors widely dispersed in various organs or tissues shed a new light on several concepts used in ayurvedic pharmacology (dravyaguna vijnana), such as taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), qualities (guna), and energetic nature (virya). This review summarizes the significance of extraoral taste receptors and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels for ayurvedic pharmacology, as well as the biological activities of various types of phytochemical tastants from an ayurvedic perspective. The relative importance of taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), and energetic nature (virya) as ethnopharmacological descriptors within Ayurveda boundaries will also be discussed.
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