Dotzer B, Stocker T, Wichelhaus A, Janjic Rankovic M, Sabbagh H. Biomechanical simulation of forces and moments of initial orthodontic tooth movement in dependence on the used archwire system by ROSS (Robot Orthodontic Measurement & Simulation System).
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023;
144:105960. [PMID:
37348170 DOI:
10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105960]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Aim of this study was to determine the forces and moments during simulated initial orthodontic tooth movements using a novel biomechanical test setup.
METHODS
The test setup consisted of an industrial precision robot with a force-torque sensor, a maxillary model and a control computer and software. Forces and moments acting on the corresponding experimental tooth during the motion simulations were dynamically measured for two 0.016" NiTi round archwires (Sentalloy Light/Sentalloy Medium). Intrusive (#1), rotational (#2) and angular (#3) tooth movements were simulated by a control program based on the principle of force control and executed by the robot. The results were statistically analysed using K-S-test and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of α = 5%.
RESULTS
Sentalloy Medium archwires generated higher forces and moments than the Sentalloy Light archwires in all simulations. In simulation #1 the mean initial forces/moments reached 1.442 N/6.781 Nmm for the Light archwires and 1.637 N/9.609 Nmm for the Medium archwires. In movement #2 Light archwires generated mean initial forces/moments of 0.302 N/-8.271 Nmm whereas Medium archwires generated 0.432 N/-9.653 Nmm. Simulation #3 showed mean initial forces/moments of -0.122 N/8.477 Nmm from the Light archwires compared to -0.300 N/11.486 Nmm for the Medium archwires.
SIGNIFICANCE
The measured forces and moments were suitable for initial orthodontic tooth movement in simulations #2 and #3, however inadequate in simulation #1. Reduced archwire dimensions (<0.016″) should be selected for initial leveling of vertical malocclusions.
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