Two cases of ovarian carcinoma with endobronchial metastases: Rare presentation

Endobronchial metastasis of ovarian cancer rescued by tumor ablation and a self-expanding hybrid stent: A case report and review of the literature

Tracheal stenosis caused by malignancy is a life-threatening complication. Herein, we performed tumor ablation and airway stenting using a hybrid stent on a patient with upper tracheal stenosis caused by endobronchial metastasis of ovarian cancer. To date, only 9 cases of endobronchial metastasis of ovarian cancer have been reported. This is the first reported case of endobronchial metastasis in the upper part of the trachea, which had a favorable outcome after tumor ablation as a sequential treatment and use of a hybrid stent. In addition, 10 cases of endobronchial metastasis of ovarian cancer, including ours and other case reports, were reviewed.

Rare Distant Metastatic Disease of Ovarian and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Review of the Literature

Background: Although metastases of ovarian and peritoneal carcinomatosis are most commonly found within the peritoneal cavity, there is a number of other rare distant sites that have been reported. Our goal is to provide an evidence-based summary of the available literature considering the rare distant metastatic sites of ovarian and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted, with Medline/PubMed being searched for cases of rare metastatic disease originated from primary ovarian and peritoneal cancer with related articles up to 2019 including terms such as "ovarian cancer", "metastases", "peritoneal" and others. Results: The most common mechanism of ovarian cancer metastases consists of primarily dissemination within the peritoneal cavity, while, rare and distant sites can either occur at the beginning or during the course of the disease and they are usually associated with hematogenous route and lymphatic invasion, having poor prognosis, with the least common sites being skin, bone, CNS, eye, placenta, central airways, rare lymph nodes, intra-abdominal organs, heart and breast. Conclusions: The occurrence of metastatic sites described in this review represents the most common rare distant metastatic sites, and even though their patterns of metastases are still not fully clarified due to the rarity of the reports, they offer valuable information considering the pathophysiology of the disease.

Lung Parenchymal and Endobronchial Metastases From Ovarian Carcinoma

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and the eighth most common cause of cancer death in the world with an overall 5-year survival rate of <50%. (1) The most common age of presentation is at the perimenopausal age group and two-thirds of them present with advanced stage of disease. (2) Thoracic metastases occur in up to 50% of patients. Pleural effusion is the most common presentation of thoracic metastases in these patients, whereas pulmonary parenchymal metastases, lymphangitis, and nodal involvement are less commonly reported. (3) Tracheobronchial involvement is rare with few cases reported in literature. Herewith, we are presenting a case of ovarian cancer in a young female with both lung parenchymal and endobronchial metastases. Bronchoscopy revealed endobronchial tumor in right lower lobe bronchus part of which was covered by yellowish necrotic material. Biopsy showed metastatic ovarian malignancy complicated by aspergillosis. She was started on oral itraconazole along with supportive management following which hemoptysis stopped.

miR-200c Regulation of Metastases in Ovarian Cancer: Potential Role in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Transition

Among the gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer is the most fatal due to its high mortality rate. Most of the identified cases are epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with five distinct subtypes: high-grade serous carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and clear-cell carcinoma. Lack of an early diagnostic approach, high incidence of tumor relapse and the heterogenous characteristics between each EOC subtypes contribute to the difficulties in developing precise intervention and therapy for the patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that have been shown to function as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs. The miR-200 family, especially miR-200c, has been shown to be implicated in the metastasis and invasion of ovarian carcinoma due to its functional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This mini review is aimed to summarize the recent findings of the miR-200c functional role as well as its validated targets in the metastasis cascade of ovarian cancer, with a focus on EMT regulation. The potential of this miRNA in early diagnosis and its dual expression status are also discussed.