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Dwivedi M, Jindal D, Jose S, Hasan S, Nayak P. Elements in trace amount with a significant role in human physiology: a tumor pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects. J Drug Target 2024; 32:270-286. [PMID: 38251986 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has a devastating impact globally regardless of gender, age, and community, which continues its severity to the population due to the lack of efficient strategy for the cancer diagnosis and treatment. According to the World Health Organisation report, one out of six people dies due to this deadly cancer and we need effective strategies to regulate it. In this context, trace element has a very hidden and unexplored role and require more attention from investigators. The variation in concentration of trace elements was observed during comparative studies on a cancer patient and a healthy person making them an effective target for cancer regulation. The percentage of trace elements present in the human body depends on environmental exposure, food habits, and habitats and could be instrumental in the early diagnosis of cancer. In this review, we have conducted inclusive analytics on trace elements associated with the various types of cancers and explored the several methods involved in their analysis. Further, intricacies in the correlation of trace elements with prominent cancers like prostate cancer, breast cancer, and leukaemia are represented in this review. This comprehensive information on trace elements proposes their role during cancer and as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Sandra Jose
- MET's School of Engineering, Thrissur, India
| | - Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Pradeep Nayak
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Sakaguchi C, Nishina T, Kono Y, Hino K, Asagi A, Ohno Y, Kajiwara T, Nadano S, Yamashita N, Tohyama M, Hyodo I, Okada H, Otsuka M. Prospective observational study of zinc deficiency symptoms during first-line chemotherapy for gastric and colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2384-2394. [PMID: 38196526 PMCID: PMC10772688 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc deficiency during long-term chemotherapy and its related symptoms, including skin rash, taste disorders, and oral mucositis, have not been sufficiently investigated. Methods This prospective observational study enrolled patients with gastric and colorectal cancer who underwent standard first-line chemotherapy. According to the Practice Guidelines for Zinc Deficiency, zinc deficiency is defined as a serum level of <60 µg/dL. Serum zinc levels were measured before and after (1, 3, and 6 months) chemotherapy, and symptoms were assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 1.0. Repeated measures were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Results Of the 61 enrolled patients, 48 who underwent standard first-line chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin were analyzed. Zinc deficiency was observed in 18 patients (38%) before chemotherapy. The least-squares means of serum zinc levels significantly decreased at 3 and 6 months of chemotherapy in 30 patients without zinc deficiency at the start of chemotherapy (both P<0.01) but not in 18 with zinc deficiency at the beginning. Changes in serum zinc levels during chemotherapy negatively correlated with changes in taste, rash, and itching (all P<0.04) in patients without zinc deficiency before treatment initiation. Conclusions Serum zinc levels decreased during chemotherapy in zinc-non-deficient patients at the beginning of chemotherapy and correlated with taste changes, skin rash, and itching. Therefore, investigating whether zinc supplementation ameliorates these symptoms is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaori Hino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Akinori Asagi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ohno
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kajiwara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Seijin Nadano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Costa MI, Lapa BS, Jorge J, Alves R, Carreira IM, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Gonçalves AC. Zinc Prevents DNA Damage in Normal Cells but Shows Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052567. [PMID: 35269710 PMCID: PMC8910549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is prevented by the DNA damage response (DDR). Micronutrients, like zinc (Zn), are cofactors of DDR proteins, and micronutrient deficiencies have been related to increased cancer risk. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients commonly present Zn deficiency. Moreover, reports point to DDR defects in AML. We studied the effects of Zn in DDR modulation in AML. Cell lines of AML (HEL) and normal human lymphocytes (IMC) were cultured in standard culture, Zn depletion, and supplementation (40 μM ZnSO4) conditions and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Chromosomal damage, cell death, and nuclear division indexes (NDI) were assessed through cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The phosphorylated histone H2AX (yH2AX) expression was monitored at 0 h, 1 h, and 24 h after exposure. Expression of DDR genes was evaluated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Zn supplementation increased the genotoxicity of H2O2 and UV radiation in AML cells, induced cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects, and led to persistent yH2AX activation. In contrast, in normal lymphocytes, supplementation decreased damage rates, while Zn depletion favored damage accumulation and impaired repair kinetics. Gene expression was not affected by Zn depletion or supplementation. Zn presented a dual role in the modulation of genome damage, preventing damage accumulation in normal cells and increasing genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Costa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.I.C.); (B.S.L.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Beatriz Santos Lapa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.I.C.); (B.S.L.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.I.C.); (B.S.L.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Alves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.I.C.); (B.S.L.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.I.C.); (B.S.L.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.I.C.); (B.S.L.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-023
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Thomsen M, Vitetta L. Zinc deficits, mucositis, and mucosal macrophage perturbation: is there a relationship? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:365-370. [PMID: 31335336 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mucositis is a common and therapy-limiting adverse effect of cancer treatments including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The optimal zinc formulation, dosage, and timing of administration warrant further research as does the efficacious prevention of febrile mucositis that predisposes to febrile neutropenia. RECENT FINDINGS Metaanalyses concluded that zinc sulfate failed to significantly reduce the incidence or severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, whereas polaprezinc was associated with a significant reduction. Three new trials were published in 2018. The first trial found that zinc sulfate reduced the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. The second reported that polaprezinc reduced oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The third trial demonstrated efficacy for a zinc lozenge for postoperative sore throat induced by an endotracheal intubation. SUMMARY Zinc deficits, dietary or induced by cancer, are common in patients with cancer. Febrile mucositis may better describe the condition linking mucositis with febrile neutropenia. Febrile mucositis disrupts treatment and may be life-threatening. A paradigm shift is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of febrile mucositis. Zinc effects on the thymic immunological network and T lymphocytes during chemoradiotherapy regimens also warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Vitetta
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School
- Medlab Clinical Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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