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Yang HH, Tu SK, Chen HH, Hung CL, Kuo CW, Tsan YT, Chu WM, Lee MC, Liao CC. Testosterone Level Reduction Increases the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Taiwanese Young Male Population. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:869251. [PMID: 35498035 PMCID: PMC9047944 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.869251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low testosterone levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, most previous studies assessed the relationship of testosterone levels with a history of cardiovascular (CV) events rather than with CV risk prediction scores consequently neglecting the effect of testosterone on CV risk in healthy young individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between testosterone levels and predict the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease. This retrospective cohort study was conducted through a large medical health examination system in four metropolises in Taiwan. Two risk scores were used to predict the 10-year cardiovascular risk of participants: the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) (2008) and the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Estimator (2013). Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the correlation of testosterone level reduction with the increase in predicted CV risk. We used the MJ Health Research Foundation database to collect reports of 125,414 individuals who underwent medical checkups between 2007 and 2016. The final sample size included 1,253 male participants. A reduction in testosterone level between two subsequent medical checkups was associated with higher CV risk estimated by the FRS and ASCVD Risk Estimator in young participants aged 30–49 years (OR = 0.804, 95% CI: 0.711–0.909, p < 0.01 and OR = 0.841, 95% CI: 0.742–0.953, p < 0.01, respectively). Reduction in total testosterone levels increases CV risk in men aged 30 to 49 years, while the CV risk is not influenced by low testosterone levels at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Professional Education and Continuing Studies, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Tu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Chung Sheng Clinic, Nantou City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lien Hung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Kuo
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Tsan
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chu
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Meng-Chih Lee
| | - Chun-Cheng Liao
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Chun-Cheng Liao
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