1
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McCoy P, Mangiola S, Macintyre G, Hutchinson R, Tran B, Pope B, Georgeson P, Hong MKH, Kurganovs N, Lunke S, Clarkson MJ, Cmero M, Kerger M, Stuchbery R, Chow K, Haviv I, Ryan A, Costello AJ, Corcoran NM, Hovens CM. MSH2-deficient prostate tumours have a distinct immune response and clinical outcome compared to MSH2-deficient colorectal or endometrial cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:1167-1180. [PMID: 34108644 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications have shown patients with defects in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway driven by either MSH2 or MSH6 loss experience a significant increase in the incidence of prostate cancer. Moreover, this increased incidence of prostate cancer is accompanied by rapid disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that androgen-receptor activation, a key driver of prostate carcinogenesis, can disrupt the MSH2 gene in prostate cancer. We screened tumours from two cohorts (recurrent/non-recurrent) of prostate cancer patients to confirm the loss of MSH2 protein expression and identified decreased MSH2 expression in recurrent cases. Stratifying the independent TCGA prostate cancer cohort for MSH2/6 expression revealed that patients with lower levels of MSH2/6 had significant worse outcomes, in contrast, endometrial and colorectal cancer patients with lower MSH2/6 levels. MMRd endometrial and colorectal tumours showed the expected increase in mutational burden, microsatellite instability and enhanced immune cell mobilisation but this was not evident in prostate tumours. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that loss or reduced levels of MSH2/MSH6 protein in prostate cancer is associated with poor outcome. However, our data indicate that this is not associated with a statistically significant increase in mutational burden, microsatellite instability or immune cell mobilisation in a cohort of primary prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McCoy
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Stefano Mangiola
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoff Macintyre
- Statistics and Computational Biology Group, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Hutchinson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Tran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard Pope
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew K H Hong
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Kurganovs
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Clarkson
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marek Cmero
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Kerger
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Stuchbery
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Chow
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Izhak Haviv
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Andrew Ryan
- TissuPath Specialist Pathology, Mount Waverley, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Costello
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,The Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Kvízová J, Pavlíčková V, Kmoníčková E, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Quo Vadis Advanced Prostate Cancer Therapy? Novel Treatment Perspectives and Possible Future Directions. Molecules 2021; 26:2228. [PMID: 33921501 PMCID: PMC8069564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a very common disease, which is, unfortunately, often the cause of many male deaths. This is underlined by the fact that the early stages of prostate cancer are often asymptomatic. Therefore, the disease is usually detected and diagnosed at late advanced or even metastasized stages, which are already difficult to treat. Hence, it is important to pursue research and development not only in terms of novel diagnostic methods but also of therapeutic ones, as well as to increase the effectiveness of the treatment by combinational medicinal approach. Therefore, in this review article, we focus on recent approaches and novel potential tools for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer; these include not only androgen deprivation therapy, antiandrogen therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, multimodal therapy, but also poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Akt and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kvízová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.P.); (T.R.)
- Bioinova, s.r.o., Vídeňská 1083, 140 20 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.P.); (T.R.)
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.P.); (T.R.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.P.); (T.R.)
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3
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Lopez-Bujanda ZA, Chaimowitz MG, Armstrong TD, Foote JB, Emens LA, Drake CG. Robust antigen-specific CD8 T cell tolerance to a model prostate cancer neoantigen. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1809926. [PMID: 33457094 PMCID: PMC7781773 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1809926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown limited success in prostate cancer; this may be partially explained by its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Although androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), the most common treatment for prostate cancer, initially promotes a robust T cell infiltrate, T cell responses are later attenuated. Based on the castration-sensitive Myc-CaP model, we developed an antigen-specific system to study CD8 T cell tolerance to prostate tumors. This model is unique in that CD8 T cells recognize a bona-fide tumor antigen (Her-2/neu), rather than an overexpressed xenogenic antigen like chicken ovalbumin or influenza hemagglutinin. Using this novel model, we demonstrate robust tolerance that is not alleviated by TLR agonists or ADT. This model may serve as a novel and useful tool to further interrogate methods by which to augment anti-tumor cancer immune responses to prostate cancer. Significance Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide, with an estimated 33,000 deaths projected in the U.S. in 2020. Although primary (localized) tumors can be cured by surgery or radiation, approximately 40% of patients eventually develop recurrent disease. While initially responsive to androgen-deprivation, many patients with recurrent prostate cancer eventually progress to a more advanced disease state known as metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); this is the lethal phenotype. These studies describe a novel androgen-responsive murine cell line that expresses a bona-fide tumor antigen (Her-2/neu). Pre-clinical work with this model shows robust and antigen-specific CD8 T cell tolerance, providing a novel preclinical model to study CD8 T cell tolerance to prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoila A. Lopez-Bujanda
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew G. Chaimowitz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd D. Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy B. Foote
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Animal Resources, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leisha A. Emens
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles G. Drake
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Wang Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu D, Lau AHY, Zhao P, Zou C, Dai Y, Chan FL. Targeting prostate cancer stem-like cells by an immunotherapeutic platform based on immunogenic peptide-sensitized dendritic cells-cytokine-induced killer cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32183880 PMCID: PMC7079411 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous cellular immunotherapy or immune enhancement therapy has demonstrated some promising benefits for prostate cancer. T cell-based immunotherapy or sipuleucel-T therapy has yielded certain beneficial responses and a slight improvement on the overall survival of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) as shown in some clinical trials, suggesting that prostate cancer is immunoresponsive. Methods In this study, we developed an adaptive cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK)-based immunotherapeutic application targeting the prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs). In this therapeutic platform, dendritic cells (DC) were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and preloaded or sensitized with immunogenic peptides derived from two PCSC-associated cell membrane molecules, CD44 and EpCAM, followed by co-culture with the expanded peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL)-derived CIK cells. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of DC-activated CIK cells against PCSCs was determined by CCK8 and TUNEL assays, and the in vivo anti-tumor effect of DC-activated CIK cells on prostate cancer xenograft tumors was evaluated in subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models. Results Our results showed that the peptide-sensitized DC-CIK cell preparation manifested significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against the PCSC-enriched prostatospheroids and also in vivo anti-tumor effect against prostate cancer xenografts derived from the PCSC-enriched prostatospheroids. Conclusions Together, our established immunogenic peptide-sensitized DC-CIK-based cell preparation platform manifests its potential immunotherapeutic application in targeting the PCSCs and also prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dinglan Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alaster Hang Yung Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Bhatia V, Ateeq B. Molecular Underpinnings Governing Genetic Complexity of ETS-Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:1024-1038. [PMID: 31353123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inter- and intra-patient molecular heterogeneity of primary and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) confers variable clinical outcome and poses a formidable challenge in disease management. High-throughput integrative genomics and functional approaches have untangled the complexity involved in this disease and revealed a spectrum of diverse aberrations prevalent in various molecular subtypes, including ETS fusion negative. Emerging evidence indicates that SPINK1 upregulation, mutations in epigenetic regulators or chromatin modifiers, and SPOP are associated with the ETS-fusion negative subtype. Additionally, patients with defects in a DNA-repair pathway respond to poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibition therapies. Furthermore, a new class of immunogenic subtype defined by CDK12 biallelic loss has also been identified in ETS-fusion-negative cases. This review focuses on the emerging molecular underpinnings driving key oncogenic aberrations and advancements in therapeutic strategies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Bhatia
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, U.P., India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, U.P., India.
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6
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Saad F, Shore N, Zhang T, Sharma S, Cho HK, Jacobs IA. Emerging therapeutic targets for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 76:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Xu N, Huang L, Li X, Watanabe M, Li C, Xu A, Liu C, Li Q, Araki M, Wada K, Nasu Y, Huang P. The Novel Combination of Nitroxoline and PD-1 Blockade, Exerts a Potent Antitumor Effect in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:919-928. [PMID: 31182913 PMCID: PMC6535792 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer. Nitroxoline has been found to have effective anticancer properties in several cancer types. We investigated the efficacy of a combination therapy involving nitroxoline and PD-1 blockade in a prostate cancer mouse model. In our in vitro analysis, we found that nitroxoline inhibited the viability and proliferation of the mouse prostate cancer cell line RM9-Luc-PSA. Additionally, nitroxoline downregulated the expressions of phospho-PI3 kinase, phospho-Akt (Thr308), phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Nitroxoline also downregulated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels in prostate cancer cell line and tumor tissue. In our murine prostate cancer orthotopic model, nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade synergistically suppressed tumor growth when compared with nitroxoline or PD-1 blockade alone, leading to reductions in tumor weight, bioluminescence tumor signals, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that the combination strategy significantly enhanced antitumor immunity by increasing CD44+CD62L+CD8+ memory T cell numbers and reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers in peripheral blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade may be a promising treatment strategy in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijin Xu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Linglong Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, The 5 th Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chaoming Li
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Qiang Li
- Jiangsu Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China.,Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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8
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Li Y, Zhao C, Liu J, Lu Z, Lu M, Gu J, Liu R. CD1d highly expressed on DCs reduces lung tumor burden by enhancing antitumor immunity. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2679-2688. [PMID: 30864713 PMCID: PMC6448128 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as professional antigen-presenting cells are essential for the initial activation of adaptive antitumor immunity. CD1d is considered to present phospholipid and glycosphingolipid antigens to NKT cells. However, it is currently unknown whether CD1d expression on DCs is capable of enhancing antitumor immunity, particularly T-cell related immunity. We observed that CD1d was predominantly expressed on DCs in 3LL tumor-bearing mice, whilst a deficiency of CD1d promoted tumor growth. Notably, CD1d expression on DCs was not only required for presenting antigen to NKT cells, but also markedly promoted CD4+T and CD8+T cell activation, particularly cytotoxic T cells. All the T cells (NKT, CD4+T and CD8+T cells) upregulated CD69, CD107a and IFN-γ after the adoptive transfer of CD1d-positive DCs (CD1d+DCs) and tumor growth was suppressed. With regard to the mechanism, we revealed that CD1d+DCs were concomitant with a higher expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) and MHCI/II, which are essential for DCs to present antigens to T cells. Consistently, CD1d+DCs displayed stronger activation-associated-ERK1/2 and NF-κB signals; whereas JAK2-STAT3/6 signaling was required for maintaining a high level of CD1d on DCs. In lung cancer patients, the antitumor activities of all the T cells were enhanced with the increase of CD1d+DCs. Analysis of TCGA data revealed that high levels of CD1d indicated better outcomes for patients. Collectively, CD1d enhanced DC-based antitumor immunity, not only by targeting NKT, but also by activating CD4+T and CD8+T cells. CD1d+DCs may be superior to the bulk population of DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chujun Zhao
- Northfield Mount Hermon School, Northfield, MA 01354, USA
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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9
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Xu L, Chen J, Liu W, Liang C, Hu H, Huang J. Targeting androgen receptor-independent pathways in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2019; 6:91-98. [PMID: 30775252 PMCID: PMC6363598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critically required for the development of prostate cancer (PCa), targeting AR axis has been the standard treatment of choice for advanced and metastatic PCa. Unfortunately, although the tumor initially responds to the therapy, treatment resistance eventually develops and the disease will progress. It is therefore imperative to identify the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and novel molecular targets that are independent of AR signaling. Recent advances in pathology, molecular biology, genetics and genomics research have revealed novel AR-independent pathways that contribute to PCa carcinogenesis and progression. They include neuroendocrine differentiation, cell metabolism, DNA damage repair pathways and immune-mediated mechanisms. The development of novel agents targeting the non-AR mechanisms holds great promise to treat PCa that does not respond to AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Madan RA, Gulley JL. Pembrolizumab: patient selection or immune intensification? Nat Rev Urol 2018; 15:593-594. [PMID: 30131600 PMCID: PMC8232373 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have had limited clinical impact in prostate cancer. To find a niche for immune checkpoint inhibition in this disease, future strategies might require improved biomarker-based patient selection or combination strategies to enhance in vivo immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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