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Wang M, Jia L, Song J, Ji X, Meng R, Zhou D. A systematic review of exosomes in remote ischemic conditioning. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117124. [PMID: 38991304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is considered a promising non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy to mitigate ischemic injury. Although the precise mechanisms of RIC's protective effects remain elusive, existing data suggest that exosomes contribute significantly to these processes through cell-to-cell communication OBJECTIVE: This review aims to elucidate the role of exosomes in RIC-mediated multi-organ protection. METHODS We systematically searched multiple databases through October 2023 for preclinical studies evaluating the effect of exosomes in ischemic models using RIC procedures. Key outcomes, such as improved organ function and reduced infarct size, were recorded. Articles were selected and data were extracted by independent pairs of reviewers. FINDINGS A total of 16 relevant studies were identified in this review, showing that circulating exosomes derived from the plasma of RIC-treated animals exhibited protective effects akin to those of the RIC procedure itself. Exosome concentrations were measured in eight studies, six of which reported significant increases in the RIC group. Additional findings indicated that RIC might primarily modulate the expression of miRNAs and bioactive molecules delivered by exosomes, rather than directly altering circulating exosome levels. Notably, the expression of 11 distinct exosomal miRNAs was altered after RIC intervention, potentially involving multiple pathways. CONCLUSION Exosomes appear to play a pivotal role in the protective effects induced by RIC. Clarifying their function in RIC under different pathological situations represents a grand challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Xu J, Li S, Wehbe A, Ji X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Qin L, Liu FY, Ding Y, Ren C. Abdominal Aortic Occlusion and the Inflammatory Effects in Heart and Brain. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:2730841. [PMID: 38131062 PMCID: PMC10735730 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2730841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO) occurs frequently and causes ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to distant organs. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether AAO induced I/R injury and subsequent damage in cardiac and neurologic tissue. We also aimed to investigate the how length of ischemic time in AAO influences reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory marker levels in the heart, brain, and serum. Methods Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. The mice were randomly divided into either sham group or AAO group. The AAO group was further subdivided into 1-4 hr groups of aortic occlusion times. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was clamped for 1-4 hr depending on the AAO group and was then reperfused for 24 hr after clamp removal. Serum, hippocampus, and left ventricle tissue samples were then subjected to biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results AAO-induced I/R injury had no effect on cell necrosis, cell apoptosis, or ROS production. However, serum and hippocampus levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in AAO groups when compared to sham group. Superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity decreased in the serum, hippocampus, and left ventricle. In the serum, AAO increased the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and decreased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (such as arginase-1), transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 10 (IL-10). In the hippocampus, AAO increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-4, and IL-6, and decreased the level of TGF-β1. In the left ventricle, AAO increased the level of iNOS and decreased the levels of TGF-β1, IL-4, and IL-10. Conclusions AAO did not induce cell necrosis or apoptosis in cardiac or neurologic tissue, but it can cause inflammation in the serum, brain, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Alexandra Wehbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chines Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chines Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linhui Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng-Yong Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Senior Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Systematic Understanding of Mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao San against Ischemic Stroke Using a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3747285. [PMID: 35035503 PMCID: PMC8754614 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3747285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) was developed to treat the ischemic stroke (IS) in patients and animal models. The purpose of this study was to explore its active compounds and demonstrate its mechanism against IS through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiment. Methods All the components of DSS were retrieved from the pharmacology database of TCM system. The genes corresponding to the targets were retrieved using OMIM, CTD database, and TTD database. The herb-compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape software. The target protein-protein interaction network was built using the STRING database. The core targets of DSS were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Then, we achieved molecular docking between the hub proteins and the key active compounds. Finally, animal experiments were performed to verify the core targets. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to calculate the infarct size in mice. The protein expression was determined using the Western blot. Results Compound-target network mainly contained 51 compounds and 315 corresponding targets. Key targets contained MAPK1, SRC, PIK3R1, HRAS, AKT1, RHOA, RAC1, HSP90AA1, and RXRA FN1. There were 417 GO items in GO enrichment analysis (p < 0.05) and 119 signaling pathways (p < 0.05) in KEGG, mainly including negative regulation of apoptosis, steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathway, neutrophil activation, cellular response to oxidative stress, and VEGF signaling pathway. MAPK1, SRC, and PIK3R1 docked with small molecule compounds. According to the Western blot, the expression of p-MAPK 1, p-AKT, and p-SRC was regulated by DSS. Conclusions This study showed that DSS can treat IS through multiple targets and routes and provided new insights to explore the mechanisms of DSS against IS.
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Torres-Querol C, Quintana-Luque M, Arque G, Purroy F. Preclinical evidence of remote ischemic conditioning in ischemic stroke, a metanalysis update. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23706. [PMID: 34887465 PMCID: PMC8660795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke patients. It has been proven that RIC reduces infarct size and improves functional outcomes. RIC can be applied either before ischemia (pre-conditioning; RIPreC), during ischemia (per-conditioning; RIPerC) or after ischemia (post-conditioning; RIPostC). Our aim was to systematically determine the efficacy of RIC in reducing infarct volumes and define the cellular pathways involved in preclinical animal models of ischemic stroke. A systematic search in three databases yielded 50 peer-review articles. Data were analyzed using random effects models and results expressed as percentage of reduction in infarct size (95% CI). A meta-regression was also performed to evaluate the effects of covariates on the pooled effect-size. 95.3% of analyzed experiments were carried out in rodents. Thirty-nine out of the 64 experiments studied RIPostC (61%), sixteen examined RIPreC (25%) and nine tested RIPerC (14%). In all studies, RIC was shown to reduce infarct volume (- 38.36%; CI - 42.09 to - 34.62%) when compared to controls. There was a significant interaction caused by species. Short cycles in mice significantly reduces infarct volume while in rats the opposite occurs. RIPreC was shown to be the most effective strategy in mice. The present meta-analysis suggests that RIC is more efficient in transient ischemia, using a smaller number of RIC cycles, applying larger length of limb occlusion, and employing barbiturates anesthetics. There is a preclinical evidence for RIC, it is safe and effective. However, the exact cellular pathways and underlying mechanisms are still not fully determined, and its definition will be crucial for the understanding of RIC mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Torres-Querol
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Quintana-Luque
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Arque
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
- Experimental Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco Purroy
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Clinical Neurosciences Group IRBLleida, Avda Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Gomaa AA, El-Abhar HS, Abdallah DM, Awad AS, Soubh AA. Prasugrel anti-ischemic effect in rats: Modulation of hippocampal SUMO2/3-IкBα/Ubc9 and SIRT-1/miR-22 trajectories. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115635. [PMID: 34174262 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial role of prasugrel, a P2Y12 receptor blocker, in several neurointerventional procedures has been reviewed clinically. Beyond its antiplatelet capacity, the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of prasugrel are poorly addressed experimentally. Relevant to the imbalance between neuro-inflammation and neuroprotective pathways in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), our study evaluated the anti-ischemic potential of prasugrel treatment through tackling novel targets. Male Wistar rats were allocated into 2 sets; set 1 (I/R 60 min/3 days) to assess the neurological deficits/biochemical impact of prasugrel and set 2 (I/R 60 min/5 days) for evaluating short memory/morphological/immunoreactive changes. Each set comprised 4 groups designated as sham, sham + prasugrel, I/R, and I/R + prasugrel. Post-administration of prasugrel for 3 and 5 days reduced neurological deficit scores and improved the spontaneous activity/short term spatial memory using the Y-maze paradigm. On the molecular level, prasugrel turned off SUMO2/3-inhibitory kappa (Iκ)Bα, Ubc9 and nuclear factor kappa (NF-κ)B. Besides, it inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) and inactivated astrocytes by downregulating the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) hippocampal immune-expression. Conversely, it activated its target molecule cAMP, protein kinase (PK)A, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) to enhance the brain-derived nuclear factor (BDNF) hippocampal content. Additionally, cAMP/PKA axis increased the hippocampal content of deacetylator silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and the micro RNA (miR)-22 gene expression. The crosstalk between these paths partakes in preserving hippocampal cellularity. Accordingly, prasugrel, regardless inhibiting platelets activity, modulated other cellular components; viz., SUMO2/3-IκBα/Ubc9/NF-κB, cAMP/PKA related trajectories, CREB/BDNF and SIRT1/miR-22 signaling, besides inhibiting GFAP and MDA to signify its anti-ischemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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Geng X, Wang Q, Lee H, Huber C, Wills M, Elkin K, Li F, Ji X, Ding Y. Remote Ischemic Postconditioning vs. Physical Exercise After Stroke: an Alternative Rehabilitation Strategy? Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3141-3157. [PMID: 33625674 PMCID: PMC8257517 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There remain debates on neuroprotection and rehabilitation techniques for acute ischemic stroke patients. Therapeutic physical exercise following stroke has shown promise but is challenging to apply clinically. Ischemic conditioning, which has several clinical advantages, is a potential neuroprotective method for stroke rehabilitation that is less understood. In the present study, the rehabilitative properties and mechanisms of physical exercise and remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) after stroke were compared and determined. A total of 248 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: (1) sham, (2) stroke, (3) stroke with intense treadmill exercise, (4) stroke with mild treadmill exercise, and (5) stroke with RIPostC. Focal ischemia was evaluated by infarct volume and neurological deficit. Long-term functional outcomes were represented through neurobehavioral function tests: adhesive removal, beam balance, forelimb placing, grid walk, rota-rod, and Morris water maze. To further understand the mechanisms underlying neurorehabilitation and verify the presence thereof, we measured mRNA and protein levels of neuroplasticity factors, synaptic proteins, angiogenesis factors, and regulation molecules, including HIF-1α, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB. The key role of HIF-1α was elucidated by using the inhibitor, YC-1. Both exercise intensities and RIPostC significantly decreased infarct volumes and neurological deficits and outperformed the stroke group in the neurobehavioral function tests. All treatment groups showed significant increases in mRNA and protein expression levels of the target molecules for neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis, with intermittent further increases in the RIPostC group. HIF-1α inhibition nullified most beneficial effects and indicative molecule expressions, including HIF-1α, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB, in both procedures. RIPostC is equally, or superiorly, effective in inducing neuroprotection and rehabilitation compared to exercise in ischemic rats. HIF-1α likely plays an important role in the efficacy of neuroplasticity conditioning, possibly through HIF-1α/BDNF/TrkB/CREB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christian Huber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Melissa Wills
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Li Y, Li S, Li D. Breviscapine Alleviates Cognitive Impairments Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion through Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Properties in a Rat Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4489-4498. [PMID: 33270442 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury is a common phenomenon of stroke, and the effective treatment for I/R-induced brain tissue damage is limited. Breviscapine has been widely used in China as herbal medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years and has been demonstrated to possess potent cardiovascular pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of breviscapine on cerebral I/R-induced injury. The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was applied in our study. The cerebral I/R rats received multiple injections of breviscapine. All rats were subject to neurological behavior tests by open field test and Morris water maze test. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress marker levels were determined by ELISA and colorimetric analysis, respectively. We demonstrated that administration of breviscapine dose-dependently ameliorated cerebral I/R-induced injury and improved the neurological performance of cerebral I/R rats. Further studies illustrated that breviscapine treatment effectively attenuated inflammatory cytokine expression, reduced oxidative stress, and pro-apoptosis protein expression and inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling and microglia in the I/R injury tissues. Breviscapine may serve as a single drug or a promising adjuvant that can be used in conjunction with other medicine for the treatment of cerebral I/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, No. 369 Kunpeng Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songyi Li
- Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, No. 369 Kunpeng Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingheng Li
- Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, No. 369 Kunpeng Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
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Li S, Ren C, Stone C, Chandra A, Xu J, Li N, Han C, Ding Y, Ji X, Shao G. Hamartin: An Endogenous Neuroprotective Molecule Induced by Hypoxic Preconditioning. Front Genet 2020; 11:582368. [PMID: 33193709 PMCID: PMC7556298 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.582368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning (HPC/IPC) is an innate neuroprotective mechanism in which a number of endogenous molecules are known to be involved. Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1), also known as hamartin, is thought to be one such molecule. It is also known that hamartin is involved as a target in the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which functions to integrate a variety of environmental triggers in order to exert control over cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Understanding the role of hamartin in ischemic/hypoxic neuroprotection will provide a novel target for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic disease. Therefore, the proposed molecular mechanisms of this neuroprotective role and its preconditions are reviewed in this paper, with emphases on the mTOR pathway and the relationship between the expression of hamartin and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Christopher Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jiali Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Public Health Department, Biomedicine Research Center, Basic Medical College, Baotou, China.,Baotou Medical College of Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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Upregulation of miR-874-3p decreases cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by directly targeting BMF and BCL2L13. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:108941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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10
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Li F, Yang Z, Stone C, Ding JY, Previch L, Shen J, Ji Y, Geng X, Ding Y. Phenothiazines Enhance the Hypothermic Preservation of Liver Grafts: A Pilot in Vitro Study. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:318-327. [PMID: 30666889 PMCID: PMC6425111 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718824559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro liver conservation is an issue of ongoing critical importance in graft transplantation. In this study, we investigated the possibility of augmenting the standard pre-transplant liver conservation protocol (University of Wisconsin (UW) cold solution) with the phenothiazines chlorpromazine and promethazine. Livers from male Sprague-Dawley rats were preserved either in UW solution alone, or in UW solution plus either 2.4, 3.6, or 4.8 mg chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P, 1:1). The extent of liver injury following preservation was determined by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, the ratio of AST/ALT, morphological changes as assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, apoptotic cell death as determined by ELISA, and by expression of the apoptotic regulatory proteins BAX and Bcl-2. Levels of glucose (GLU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the preservation liquid were determined at 3, 12, and 24 h after incubation to assess glucose metabolism. Oxidative stress was assessed by levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokine expression was evaluated with Western blotting. C+P augmentation induced significant reductions in ALT and AST activities; the AST/ALT ratio; as well as in cellular swelling, vacuolar degeneration, apoptosis, and BAX expression. These changes were associated with lowered levels of GLU and LDH; decreased expression of SOD, MDA, ROS, TNF-α, and IL-1β; and increased expression of Bcl-2. We conclude that C+P augments hypothermic preservation of liver tissue by protecting hepatocytes from ischemia-induced oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. This result provides a basis for improvement of the current preservation strategy, and thus for the development of a more effective graft conservation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- 2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher Stone
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jamie Y Ding
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Previch
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiamei Shen
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- 4 Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Ren C, Wu H, Li D, Yang Y, Gao Y, Jizhang Y, Liu D, Ji X, Zhang X. Remote Ischemic Conditioning Protects Diabetic Retinopathy in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats via Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidation. Aging Dis 2018; 9:1122-1133. [PMID: 30574423 PMCID: PMC6284762 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory response in diabetes. However, whether limb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) has beneficial effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of LRIC in retinal ganglion cell in streptozotocin (STZ) induced Type 1 diabetic rats. A total of 48 healthy male Sprague-Dawley (200-220g) rats were randomly assigned to the normal group, normal+LRIC group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group and DM+LRIC group. Streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the rats to establish the diabetic model. LRIC was conducted by tightening a tourniquet around the upper thigh and releasing for three cycles daily (10 mins x 3 cycles). Retinas were harvested after 12 weeks of LRIC treatment for histopathologic, Western blot and ELISA analysis. Plasma were collected at the same time for ELISA analysis. LRIC alleviated diabetic retinopathy symptoms as evidenced by the increased number of retinal ganglion cells (P<0.01) and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression level (P<0.01) in the rat retina. LRIC in DM rats exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects as confirmed by the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine: interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the up-regulation of antioxidants: superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Furthermore, LRIC significantly downregulated VEGF protein expression in the retina (P<0.01). These results suggest that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of LRIC may be important mechanisms involved in the protective effect of LRIC in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Ren
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,5Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hang Wu
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,2Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,2Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- 3Department of Herbal Formula Science Medicine, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,2Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunneng Jizhang
- 4Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Dachuan Liu
- 2Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,5Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,2Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhao X, Liu J. Recognition of mechanisms in lung injury caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. IBRAIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2018.tb00024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yan Zhao
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Animal Zoology DepartmentKunming medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
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