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Loughran KJ, Emerson J, Avery L, Suri S, Flynn D, Kaner E, Rapley T, Martin D, McPhee J, Fernandes-James C, Harrison SL. Exercise-based interventions targeting balance and falls in people with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240003. [PMID: 38925795 PMCID: PMC11216689 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0003-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review quantifies the mean treatment effect of exercise-based interventions on balance and falls risk in people with COPD. METHODS A structured search strategy (2000-2023) was applied to eight databases to identify studies evaluating the impact of exercise-based interventions (≥14 days in duration) on balance or falls in people with COPD. Pooled mean treatment effects (95% confidence intervals (CIs), 95% prediction intervals (PIs)) were calculated for outcomes reported in five or more studies. Inter-individual response variance and the promise of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were explored. RESULTS 34 studies (n=1712) were included. There were greater improvements in balance post intervention compared to controls for the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (mean 2.51, 95% CI 0.22-4.80, 95% PI -4.60-9.63), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test (mean -1.12 s, 95% CI -1.69- -0.55 s, 95% PI -2.78-0.54 s), Single-Leg Stance (SLS) test (mean 3.25 s, 95% CI 2.72-3.77 s, 95% PI 2.64-3.86 s) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale (mean 8.50%, 95% CI 2.41-14.58%, 95% PI -8.92-25.92%). Effect on falls remains unknown. Treatment effects were larger in male versus mixed-sex groups for the ABC scale and SLS test, and in balance training versus other exercise-based interventions for the BBS and TUG test. Falls history was not associated with changes in balance. Meta-analysis of individual response variance was not possible and study-level results were inconclusive. Eleven promising BCTs were identified (promise ratio ≥2). CONCLUSION Evidence for the effect of exercise-based interventions eliciting clinically important improvements in balance for people with COPD is weak, but targeted balance training produces the greatest benefits. Future exercise interventions may benefit from inclusion of the identified promising BCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti J Loughran
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Jonathan Emerson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Leah Avery
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Sophie Suri
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration, North East and North Cumbria, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Darren Flynn
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tim Rapley
- Department of Social Work, Community Wellbeing and Education, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Denis Martin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Jamie McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Fernandes-James
- Respiratory Department, University Hospital of North Tees, North Tees & Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Hardwick, UK
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Tarasconi M, Oliva FM, Ambrosino N, Sotgiu G, Saderi L, Zampogna E, Mentasti O, Spanevello A, Visca D. Pulmonary rehabilitation and risk of fall in elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Panminerva Med 2024; 66:10-17. [PMID: 37712861 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.23.04892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data are available on the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on risk of fall in over 80 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the effectiveness of PR on the risk of fall in older as compared to younger than 80 individuals. METHODS Parallel-group retrospective exploratory study of individuals undergone in-hospital PR. The risk of fall was defined as a gait speed ≤0.8 m/s (primary outcome). Outcome measures (exercise capacity, physical performance, symptoms, and health status) were also assessed. RESULTS As compared to younger, individuals over 80 suffered from more severe symptoms, a reduction in physical performance and in exercise capacity and greater risk of fall (P=0.0001). The proportion of participants at risk of fall increased with age, and after PR decreased significantly without any significant difference between age groups. However, 53.4% of older individuals were still at risk of fall, as compared to 17.5% of those under 80 (P=0.0001). After PR, both populations had improved outcomes measures, without any significant between group differences. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with COPD pulmonary rehabilitation reduced the risk of fall, while improving outcome measures independent of age, however, more than 50% of those over 80 were still at risk of fall. The pulmonary rehabilitation programs for individuals over 80 should include strategies effective in reducing the risk of fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tarasconi
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico M Oliva
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | - Nicolino Ambrosino
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Montescano, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zampogna
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Varese, Italy -
| | - Ombretta Mentasti
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Dina Visca
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Choma EA, Treat-Jacobson DJ, Keller-Ross ML, Wolfson J, Martin L, McMahon SK. Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate physical activity-based fall prevention interventions in older adults with chronic conditions: A systematic review. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:42-52. [PMID: 36394349 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls are a serious public health problem, especially for older adults with chronic conditions. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the translational potential of physical activity-based balance interventions for older adults with common chronic conditions guided by the Reach, Effectiveness/Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Databases were searched (2011-2021) to identify studies with physical activity-based fall prevention interventions for older adults with chronic conditions. Data were collected using the RE-AIM coding guide and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for evidence quality. The search yielded 122 articles, of which 14 distinct studies were included. The most reported RE-AIM dimensions across the studies were Reach (46.2%) and Implementation (40.5%), with Effectiveness/Efficacy (29.4%), Adoption (2.0%), and Maintenance (5.4%) being the least reported. Studies were largely conducted in controlled research environments with minimal staff involvement and without long-term follow-up periods. While studies found that physical activity-based programs were effective in improving balance, information on representativeness and adoption/maintenance of programs was lacking. Studies included sufficient details about the intervention (content, dosage, progression). External validity RE-AIM indicators were reported less frequently than internal validity indicators. The studies were of moderate quality overall. Studies often lacked information on indicators critical for understanding how to implement these programs. This review signals the need to investigate the translation of these interventions from controlled research settings to clinical settings to improve the public impact of fall prevention for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Choma
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Arts and Sciences, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Diane J Treat-Jacobson
- School of Nursing, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Manda L Keller-Ross
- Division of Physical Therapy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julian Wolfson
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lauren Martin
- School of Nursing, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Siobhan K McMahon
- School of Nursing, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Chuatrakoon B, Uthaikhup S, Ngai SP, Liwsrisakun C, Pothirat C, Sungkarat S. The effectiveness of home-based balance and pulmonary rehabilitation program in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2022; 58:478-486. [PMID: 35244365 PMCID: PMC9980562 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.22.07383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance impairment and increased fall risk have been demonstrated in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, studies investigating the effects of balance training especially when combined with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program in home-based setting are scarce. AIM To examine whether adding balance training to home-based pulmonary rehabilitation improves balance, fall risk, and disease-related symptoms in individuals with COPD. DESIGN Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial with parallel two-group design. SETTING Home-based setting. POPULATION Forty-eight individuals diagnosed with COPD. METHODS Participants with COPD were randomly allocated to either a home-based PR or home-based balance training combined with PR (PR-BT) group (24 per group). Both groups exercised three days per week for eight-week. Primary outcomes were fall risk index and functional balance as measured by the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) and Timed Up and Go (TUG), respectively. Secondary outcomes were the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea (mMRC), Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and COPD assessment test (CAT). All outcome measures were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. RESULTS All participants completed the trial, with no reported adverse events. At post-intervention, the PR-BT group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in PPA fall risk score (PR-BT: 1.1±0.8, PR: 2.4±1.5), TUG (PR-BT: 10.7±1.3, PR: 14.4±4.4 s) and these improvements remained at three-month follow-up (all P<0.01). The ABC, mMRC, and CAT scores were also significant better for the PR-BT than the PR group both after intervention and at three-month follow-up (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Eight-week home-based balance and PR program is effective in improving balance as well as dyspnea, and well-being in individuals with COPD. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Home-based balance and PR program is a promising approach for COPD rehabilitation especially in patients who are at risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busaba Chuatrakoon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Uthaikhup
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shirley P Ngai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chalerm Liwsrisakun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Somporn Sungkarat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand -
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Canales-Díaz MB, Olivares-Valenzuela C, Ramírez-Arriagada A, Cruz-Montecinos C, Vilaró J, Torres-Castro R, Núñez-Cortés R. Clinical Effects of Rehabilitation on Balance in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:868316. [PMID: 35602508 PMCID: PMC9120665 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.868316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have systemic damage secondary to the primary pulmonary impairment, expressed in impaired peripheral musculature and a deficit in postural control compared to healthy subjects. This study aimed to determine the effects of rehabilitation on balance in patients with COPD. Methods An exhaustive search was conducted in four databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science). Articles with a population of COPD receiving rehabilitation (therapeutic exercise, pulmonary rehabilitation, or physical therapy modalities) in an outpatient setting were included. Two independent reviewers selected and assessed the study quality. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials. Results A total of eight studies involving 284 patients were included in the qualitative synthesis. The meta-analysis showed an overall result in favor of balance training for the Berg Balance Scale (mean difference 3.91 points; 95% CI: 1.51 to 6.31; P = 0.001), Timed Up and Go test (mean difference -1.58 s; 95% CI: -2.63 to -0.53; P = 0.003) and Unipedal stance test (mean difference 3.56 s, 95% CI: 2.58 to 4.54; P). Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed that rehabilitation improve static and dynamic balance in patients with COPD. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO ID: CRD42020218367.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Section of Research, Innovation and Development in Kinesiology, Kinesiology Unit, San José Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordi Vilaró
- International Physiotherapy Research Network (PhysioEvidence), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Global Research on Wellbeing, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Torres-Castro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Physiotherapy Research Network (PhysioEvidence), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Physiotherapy Research Network (PhysioEvidence), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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[Pulmonary rehabilitation in the in-hospital and outpatient phases]. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2020; 54:191-199. [PMID: 32441270 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes aim to improve aerobic capacity and enhance quality of life in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, facilitating their participation and integration in different areas and activities of daily living, through the prescription and performance of physical exercise, as well as education on risk factors and healthy living. In multidisciplinary processes, various health professionals work together to support patients through the rehabilitation process, guiding lifestyle changes to improve their level of physical activity, nutritional factors, smoking cessation, diabetes management, medication adherence and weight loss, based on theories of behavioural change. The main objective of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes is to empower users in self-care and facilitate long-term management of chronic lung disease.
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Loughran KJ, Atkinson G, Beauchamp MK, Dixon J, Martin D, Rahim S, Harrison SL. Balance impairment in individuals with COPD: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Thorax 2020; 75:539-546. [PMID: 32409612 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are four times more likely to fall than healthy peers, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Poor balance is a major risk factor for falls. This review aims to quantify the extent of balance impairment in COPD, and establish contributing clinical factors, which at present are sparse. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched, in July 2017 and updated searches were performed in March 2019, for studies comparing balance in COPD with healthy controls. Meta-analyses were conducted on sample mean differences (MD) and reported correlations between balance and clinical factors. Meta-regression was used to quantify the association between mean difference in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and mean balance impairment. Narrative summaries were provided where data were insufficient for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included (n=2751). Meta-analysis indicated COPD patients performed worse than healthy controls on timed up and go (MD=2.77 s, 95% CI 1.46 s to 4.089 s, p=<0.005), single leg stance (MD=-11.75 s, 95% CI -15.12 s to -8.38 s, p=<0.005) and berg balance scale (MD=-6.66, 95% CI -8.95 to -4.37, p=<0.005). The pooled correlation coefficient between balance and reduced quadriceps strength was weak-moderate (r=0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.45, p=<0.005). The relationship between differences in percentage predicted FEV1 and balance were negligible (r2 =<0.04). CONCLUSIONS Compared with healthy controls, people with COPD have a clinically meaningful balance reduction, which may be related to reduced muscle strength, physical activity and exercise capacity. Our findings support a need to expand the focus of pulmonary rehabilitation to include balance assessment and training, and further exploration of balance impairment in COPD. PROSPERO registration number CRD4201769041.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Atkinson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Marla K Beauchamp
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Dixon
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Denis Martin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Shaera Rahim
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Chuatrakoon B, Ngai SPC, Sungkarat S, Uthaikhup S. Balance Impairment and Effectiveness of Exercise Intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1590-1602. [PMID: 32113975 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence for balance impairment and effectiveness of interventions on balance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DATA SOURCES Four electronic databases (Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library databases) were searched from inception until June 30, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers independently searched with keywords focusing on COPD, postural control, and exercise. Cross-sectional studies related to balance and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the effectiveness of exercise intervention on balance outcomes were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently extracted data of balance impairment on participants, exercise training on balance outcome measures. Methodological quality of cross-sectional studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool. Methodological quality of RCTs was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and bias was analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias. DATA SYNTHESIS A narrative review with descriptive synthesis was used. Fifteen cross-sectional studies and 4 RCTs met the final inclusion criteria. The quality of 10 cross-sectional studies were rated as moderate to high (NIH score≥7). Most studies demonstrated impaired balance in people with COPD than in people without COPD. The quality of all included RCTs was good to excellent (PEDro score=6-9). One RCT had a low risk of bias. Generally, pulmonary rehabilitation program combined with balance training, Tai Chi, and cycling exercise showed significant improvement in balance in people with COPD. CONCLUSIONS Impaired balance is evident in people with COPD. Available RCTs suggest that exercise interventions may improve balance performance in COPD patients. However, more research on the effect of exercise interventions on balance in COPD patients is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busaba Chuatrakoon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shirley P C Ngai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Somporn Sungkarat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Uthaikhup
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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