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Robin V, Wim T, Maria CDLP, Isabelle L. Probiotics for maintaining oral health during fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38764155 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To systematically review the effect of probiotics on oral health during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2022 using broad MeSH terms and keywords. Randomized clinical trials comparing a probiotic with a control/no treatment; at least 10 patients/group undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy; and reporting at least one oral health-related parameter were included. RESULTS The most reported parameters in the 14 included studies were the microbiological counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, microorganisms associated with white spot lesions (WSL). A meta-analysis of these showed a positive effect of probiotics on mutans streptococci. Probiotic treatment led to significantly less patients with high counts and significantly more with low counts of these bacteria. An effect on the lactobacilli counts was not seen. However, the sole clinical study investigating WSL could not demonstrate a clinical effect of probiotics on these lesions. Additionally, one study reported encouraging results of probiotics on bad breath and one on the occurrence of traumatic oral lesions. One study found reduced counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the probiotic group. The clinical results of probiotics on plaque index were ambiguous: one study reported that probiotics reduce the plaque and gingival index, and two that probiotics had no significant influence on plaque index. CONCLUSION Probiotics are a promising option to lower mutans streptococci counts in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, it is not possible to draw conclusions about one specific probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincken Robin
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Periodontics, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teughels Wim
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Periodontics, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cadenas de Llano-Pérula Maria
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laleman Isabelle
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Periodontics, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Hemanth M, Afshan SW, Alif Ahmed B, Darsan JP, Aravind M, Suchitra MP. Comparative evaluation of frictional characteristics between nano coated and non coated orthodontic brackets and arch wire configuration-An experimental in vitro study. J Orthod Sci 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 37881666 PMCID: PMC10597377 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_47_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and assess the coefficient of frictional resistance between nano-coated orthodontic brackets and orthodontic archwires with conventional orthodontic brackets and archwires. METHODOLOGY In this experimental study, 128 samples were divided into 4 groups consisting of 32 orthodontic wires and brackets in each group. The samples were randomly allocated into GROUP A- ZNO nanoparticle coated archwires and brackets, GROUP B ZNO nanoparticle coated bracket and conventional archwire, GROUP C-ZNO nanoparticle coated archwire and conventional bracket, and GROUP D- conventional archwire and bracket after positioning them on special jigs frictional resistance was studied and evaluated. Bon - Ferroni test was used for inter group comparison and one way ANOVA was used for intr-group comparison. RESULTS The lowest mean frictional resistance is seen with Group A (nanocoated archwire with nanocoated bracket) N = 0.3401 ± 0.420; and highest with Group D (conventional brackets with conventional archwires) N = 0.8413 ± 0.60. a significant difference in mean frictional resistance was observed between the groups (P ≤ 0.01). The frictional resistance for the groups was in the following order from lowest to highest: group A < B < C < D. CONCLUSION The study showed decreased friction in ZNO nanoparticle coated archwires and brackets than conventional archwires and brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hemanth
- Department of Orthodontics, Dayanada Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S W Afshan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dayanada Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Alif Ahmed
- Department of Orthodontics, Dayanada Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - JP Darsan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dayanada Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Aravind
- Department of Orthodontics, Dayanada Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - MP Suchitra
- Department of Orthodontics, Dayanada Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Shah P, Sharma P, Naik H, Patel K, Panchal C. A comparative evaluation of frictional resistance and surface roughness of silver coated and uncoated stainless-steel bracket wire assembly- An in-vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e411-e419. [PMID: 37214744 PMCID: PMC10198687 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silver ions act as potent antimicrobial agents. Silver coating of brackets and the archwires can help reduce the formation of white spot lesions and caries which is commonly seen with fixed orthodontic treatment. However, this may affect the friction and surface roughness of the bracket-wire assembly which in turn affects the biological tooth movement. Material and Methods A total of 60 samples were included in the study which was divided into four groups. Group-1: • 15 silver coated 0.022 x 0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets • 15 silver coated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires; Group-2: • 15 uncoated 0.022 x 0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets • 15 silver coated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires; Group-3: • 15 silver coated 0.022 x 0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets • 15 uncoated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires; Group-4: • 15 uncoated 0.022x0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets • 15 uncoated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires. All brackets and wires used were of American Orthodontics, St. Paul, USA. Surface modification of wires and brackets was carried out using the Vacuum Coating Unit model by Thermal Vacuum Evaporation method with silver nanoparticles (10 nm size). The frictional resistance of all brackets and wires was checked using Universal Testing Machine. Results On comparison of maximum load, it was found that friction was highest in group 3, followed by group 1, group 4 and group 2. The mean difference between all groups was found to be statistically significant with a P value < 0.05. The Scanning Electron Microscope studies showed that the surface roughness of silver-coated wires and brackets before the friction test was less compared to uncoated wire-bracket assembly. The surface roughness of the bracket and wire after the friction test was as follows: •Bracket roughness: Group 4> Group 1> Group 2> Group 3 •Wire roughness: Group 4> Group 1> Group 2> Group 3. Conclusions This study concluded that friction was least when only the wire was coated with silver and the bracket was uncoated and it was the most when the bracket was coated and the wire was uncoated. The surface roughness after the friction test was the least when the wire was uncoated. Key words:Silver nanoparticles, Frictional Resistance, Surface Roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shah
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Hospital and ORI, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Padmaja Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Hospital and ORI, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Harshit Naik
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Hospital and ORI, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kalpesh Patel
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Hospital and ORI, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Zhang R, Han B, Liu X. Functional Surface Coatings on Orthodontic Appliances: Reviews of Friction Reduction, Antibacterial Properties, and Corrosion Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086919. [PMID: 37108082 PMCID: PMC10138808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface coating technology is an important way to improve the properties of orthodontic appliances, allowing for reduced friction, antibacterial properties, and enhanced corrosion resistance. It improves treatment efficiency, reduces side effects, and increases the safety and durability of orthodontic appliances. Existing functional coatings are prepared with suitable additional layers on the surface of the substrate to achieve the abovementioned modifications, and commonly used materials mainly include metal and metallic compound materials, carbon-based materials, polymers, and bioactive materials. In addition to single-use materials, metal-metal or metal-nonmetal materials can be combined. Methods of coating preparation include, but are not limited to, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical deposition, sol-gel dip coating, etc., with a variety of different conditions for preparing the coatings. In the reviewed studies, a wide variety of surface coatings were found to be effective. However, the present coating materials have not yet achieved a perfect combination of these three functions, and their safety and durability need further verification. This paper reviews and summarizes the effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, and clinical perspectives of different coating materials for orthodontic appliances in terms of friction reduction, antibacterial properties, and enhanced corrosion resistance, and discusses more possibilities for follow-up studies as well as for clinical applications in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichu Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
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Selvaraj A, George AM, Rajeshkumar S. Efficacy of zirconium oxide nanoparticles coated on stainless steel and nickel titanium wires in orthodontic treatment. Bioinformation 2021; 17:760-766. [PMID: 35540697 PMCID: PMC9049096 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of particular intrigue to synthesize, analyze anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity effect of clove and cardamom reinforced zirconium oxide nanoparticles to coat the orthodontic archwires and study its ramifications. Characterization of nanoparticles was done using Transmission electron microscopic analysis (TEM). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion method. Cytotoxic effect was assessed using Brine Shrimp Assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was completed using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). A Digital magnetic stirrer with a hot plate was used to coat orthodontic arch wires such as NiTi and SS. TEM spherical shape was of size 5 -20 nm. Minimal cytotoxicity was observed at 50 µL. Anti-inflammatory property was fair. Antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus species, streptococcus mutans staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans was recorded. NiTi and SS showed a colour shift from silver to orange red with a uniform surface coating on wires. Thus, green synthesized zirconium oxide nanoparticles have potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties with minimal cytotoxicity for further consideration as nano-coatings on orthodontic archwires such as NiTi and Stainless Steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Selvaraj
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-77, India
| | - Ashwin Mathew George
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-77, India
| | - S Rajeshkumar
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai-77, India
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Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-Coated Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires Using Physical Vapor Deposition. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:6651289. [PMID: 34054962 PMCID: PMC8112955 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6651289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of stainless steel (SS) orthodontic wires coated with zinc (Zn), using a Physical Vapored Deposition (PVD) machine. A total of 100 straight SS orthodontic wires were cut into pieces of 5 centimeters in length and were divided into two groups. Half of the wires were coated with Zn using a PVD machine, and the others remained uncoated. Tensile strength (n = 15), three-point bending (n = 15), and frictional resistance at 0° (n = 10) and 10° (n = 10) were measured to compare the mechanical properties of the Zn-coated and uncoated orthodontic wires using the universal testing machine. The surface of the coated wires was observed by SEM and AFM. An independent t-test, multivariate ANOVA, and measurement ANOVA were used for data analysis. SEM and AFM showed a homogenous Zn layer of 0.28 ± 0.006 µm on the SS wires. The tensile strength and three-point bending strength significantly increased after Zn coating of wires with the PVD method (P < 0.05). The friction resistance significantly reduced at both angulations following the coating procedure. The angle between the wire and bracket had no significant effect on the frictional resistance (P > 0.05). Coating with Zn improved the tensile and load-bending strength of SS orthodontic wires and reduced their frictional resistance which might be advantageous in terms of reducing the risk of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment.
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Mollabashi V, Farmany A, Alikhani MY, Sattari M, Soltanian AR, Kahvand P, Banisafar Z. Effects of TiO 2-Coated Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires on Streptococcus mutans Bacteria: A Clinical Study. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8759-8766. [PMID: 33204086 PMCID: PMC7667015 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate Streptococcus mutans adhesion on titanium dioxide–coated stainless steel orthodontic wires to decrease white-spot formation. Methods In this study, four groups of 17 patients each (n=68) aged 12–25 years participated. A titanium dioxide coating layer was deposited on 0.4572 mm stainless steel orthodontic wires using physical vapor deposition. The coated wires were randomly assigned to one jaw, and the opposite jaw received an uncoated wire as control. Patients were divided into groups according to the duration that wires were in their mouths: A) 1 week, B) 2 weeks, C) 3 weeks, and D) 4 weeks. Block randomization was used to assign patients to each group. At the end of the experiment, 20 mm of each wire (canine-to-canine area) was cut and cultured in S. mutans–specific medium. The culture plates were placed in an incubator containing 5% CO2 for 72 hours at 37°C, and then colonies were counted. MTT was used to test the biocompatibility of the coated and uncoated wires. To evaluate the stability of the coated titanium dioxide layer on the wires, titanium concentration on the saliva was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Results The Kruskal–Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference in colony counts among the coated wires during 1–4 weeks (p<0.48). In the uncoated-wire groups, colonys count at week 1 were higher than weeks 24 –(p<0.022). Wilcoxon’s test showed that the number of colonies was significantly different in groups A and C, but there was no significant difference in groups B or D. MTT-assay results showed that there was not a significant difference between cell viability in the coated-wire group and the control. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference in titanium concentration in the studied groups (p<0.834). Conclusion Application of titanium dioxide coating is effective in reducing bacterial adhesion at wire insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mollabashi
- Orthodontic Department, Dental Faculty and Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sattari
- Division of Microstructure Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parnian Kahvand
- Orthodontic Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ziba Banisafar
- Orthodontic Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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