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Badae NM, Abdelmonsif DA, Aly RG, Omar AM, Shoela MS, Omar EM. Effect of spermidine on long non-coding RNAs MALAT1 in a rotenone induced-rat model of Parkinson's disease. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:718-729. [PMID: 38279557 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermidine is a natural biologically active substance that has widespread influences on the body. OBJECTIVE This study aims to enhance our understanding of the potential effect of spermidine on long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and explore the underlying mechanism in the rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS Rats were sacrificed after locomotor behavioral testing. Striatal tissues were used to assess the expression of MALAT1, oxidative stress markers, and autophagy markers. RESULTS Our study found that treatment with spermidine for 2 weeks during the induction of the model significantly improved behavioral assessment, dopamine levels, and attenuated the histopathological changes that occurred in PD in comparison to the non-treated group. CONCLUSION Our preliminary study supports the protective effect of spermidine on the activation of autophagy and its antioxidant properties. Part of the antioxidant activity is due to the inhibition of MALAT1. However, MALAT1 does not correlate with the spermidine-induced autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mohamed Badae
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania Gaber Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Omar
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai S Shoela
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M Omar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Liu H, Ryu D, Hwang S, Lee SS. Therapies for Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy: Current Perspectives and Future Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5849. [PMID: 38892040 PMCID: PMC11173074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is defined as cardiac dysfunction associated with cirrhosis in the absence of pre-existing heart disease. CCM manifests as the enlargement of cardiac chambers, attenuated systolic and diastolic contractile responses to stress stimuli, and repolarization changes. CCM significantly contributes to mortality and morbidity in patients who undergo liver transplantation and contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome/acute kidney injury. There is currently no specific treatment. The traditional management for non-cirrhotic cardiomyopathies, such as vasodilators or diuretics, is not applicable because an important feature of cirrhosis is decreased systemic vascular resistance; therefore, vasodilators further worsen the peripheral vasodilatation and hypotension. Long-term diuretic use may cause electrolyte imbalances and potentially renal injury. The heart of the cirrhotic patient is insensitive to cardiac glycosides. Therefore, these types of medications are not useful in patients with CCM. Exploring the therapeutic strategies of CCM is of the utmost importance. The present review summarizes the possible treatment of CCM. We detail the current status of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) in the management of cirrhotic patients and discuss the controversies surrounding NSBBs in clinical practice. Other possible therapeutic agents include drugs with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic functions; such effects may have potential clinical application. These drugs currently are mainly based on animal studies and include statins, taurine, spermidine, galectin inhibitors, albumin, and direct antioxidants. We conclude with speculations on the future research directions in CCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (H.L.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Daegon Ryu
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (H.L.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoun Hwang
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (H.L.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Pusan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel S. Lee
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (H.L.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
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Liu H, Nguyen HH, Hwang SY, Lee SS. Oxidative Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Abnormalities of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16805. [PMID: 38069125 PMCID: PMC10706054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with portal hypertension, there are many complications including cardiovascular abnormalities, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. The underlying mechanisms are not yet completely clarified. It is well known that portal hypertension causes mesenteric congestion which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS has been associated with intestinal mucosal injury, increased intestinal permeability, enhanced gut bacterial overgrowth, and translocation; all these changes result in increased endotoxin and inflammation. Portal hypertension also results in the development of collateral circulation and reduces liver mass resulting in an overall increase in endotoxin/bacteria bypassing detoxication and immune clearance in the liver. Endotoxemia can in turn aggravate oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to a cycle of gut barrier dysfunction → endotoxemia → organ injury. The phenotype of cardiovascular abnormalities includes hyperdynamic circulation and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress is often accompanied by inflammation; thus, blocking oxidative stress can minimize the systemic inflammatory response and alleviate the severity of cardiovascular diseases. The present review aims to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in cirrhosis-associated cardiovascular abnormalities and discusses possible therapeutic effects of antioxidants on cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis including hyperdynamic circulation, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel S. Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada (H.H.N.); (S.Y.H.)
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Kumar RN, Prasanth D, Midthuri PG, Ahmad SF, Badarinath AV, Karumanchi SK, Seemaladinne R, Nalluri R, Pasala PK. Unveiling the Cardioprotective Power: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)-Analyzed Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Myocardial Infarction in Rats and In Silico Support Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3722. [PMID: 37960078 PMCID: PMC10650531 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, a member of the Rubiaceae family, is a botanical species with recognized therapeutic properties. It is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat cardiac ailments and other disorders. However, the precise active constituents and the potential mechanisms by which they manage cardiovascular disorders remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain the bioactive components and investigate their underlying mechanisms of action. N. cadamba is used to treat cardiovascular disorders using the integrated metabolomic methodology. An HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis determined the potential chemicals in the N. cadamba leaf ethanol extract (NCEE). A thorough investigation of the NCEE samples used in this study led to the identification of 32 phytoconstituents. Of the 32 compounds, 19 obeyed Lipinski's rule of five (RO5). A molecular docking study directed towards HMG-CoA reductase used 19 molecules. The reference drug atorvastatin indicated a binding energy of -3.9 kcal/mol, while the other substances, Cinchonain Ib and Dukunolide B, revealed binding energies of -5.7 and -5.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Both phytocompounds showed no toxicity and exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo study results concluded that treatment with NCEE significantly reduced the cardiac myocardial infarction (MI) marker CK-MB and atherogenic risk indices, such as the atherogenic index plasma (AIP), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in isoproterenol-induced MI rats. In MI rats, NCEE therapy significantly improved the antioxidant system of the heart tissue, as evidenced by the increased levels of GSH and SOD, lower levels of the oxidative stress marker MDA, and significantly decreased HMG-CoA activity. Additionally, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from rats treated with NCEE resembled those treated with traditional atorvastatin to treat myocardial infarction. This study used H&E staining to show that administering NCEE before treatment reduced cardiac myocyte degeneration in rats with myocardial infarction, increased the presence of intact nuclei, and increased myocardial fiber strength. The potential cardioprotective effect observed in myocardial infarction (MI) rats treated with NCEE can be extrapolated from computational data to be caused by Cinchonain Ib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathi Niranjan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, JNTUA, Nandyal 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India; (R.N.K.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada 520010, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Praisy Gladys Midthuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, JNTUA, Nandyal 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India; (R.N.K.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Srikanth Kumar Karumanchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (for Girls), Swami-Chincholi, Bhigwan 413130, Maharashtra, India;
| | | | - Rahul Nalluri
- Department of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA;
| | - Praveen Kumar Pasala
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JNTUA, Anantapuramu 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Jiang D, Wang X, Zhou X, Wang Z, Li S, Sun Q, Jiang Y, Ji C, Ling W, An X, Kang B. Spermidine alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis by inducing autophagy of granulosa cells in Sichuan white geese. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102879. [PMID: 37429050 PMCID: PMC10339180 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermidine have been reported a role in antioxidative, antiaging, and antiinflammatory. Oxidative stress causes granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, follicular atresia, and impairs poultry reproductive functions. Studies have found that autophagy is the protective mechanism against antioxidant stress and apoptosis in cells. However, the relationship between spermidine-induced autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in goose GCs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the autophagy mechanism to mediate spermidine effects on the alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in goose GCs. Follicular GCs were treated with spermidine combination with 3-Nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA), rapamycin (RAPA), and chloroquine (CQ) or with hydrogen peroxide, RAPA, and CQ. Spermidine upregulated the ratio of LC3-II/I, inhibited the accumulation of p62 protein, and induced autophagy. 3-NPA treatment significantly increased ROS production, MDA content, SOD activity, cleaved CASPASE-3 protein expression, and decreased BCL-2 protein expression in follicular GCs. Spermidine inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by 3-NPA. In addition, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was inhibited by spermidine. However, the inhibitory effect of spermidine was eliminated under chloroquine. Our results demonstrated that spermidine relieved oxidative stress and apoptosis of GCs by inducing autophagy, indicating that spermidine has a great potential to maintain proteostasis and sustain granulosa cell viability in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- Sichuan Lilaisinuo Biotechnology Co. LTD, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zelong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Leshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Chengweng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weikang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoguang An
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Kang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Ahmed MI, Abdelrazek HMA, Moustafa YM, Alshawwa SZ, Mobasher MA, Abdel-Wahab BA, Abdelgawad FE, Khodeer DM. Cardioprotective Effect of Flibanserin against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Female Rats: Role of Cardiac 5-HT2A Receptor Gene/5-HT/Ca2+ Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040502. [PMID: 37111259 PMCID: PMC10143970 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening ischemic disease and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Serotonin (5-HT) release during myocardial ischemia plays an important role in the progression of myocardial cellular injury. This study was conducted to investigate the possible cardioprotective effect of flibanserin (FLP) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI in rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups and were treated orally (p.o.) with FLP (15, 30, and 45 mg/kg) for 28 days. ISO was administered subcutaneously (S.C.) (85 mg/kg) on the 27th and 28th days to induce MI. ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats exhibited a significant increase in cardiac markers, oxidative stress markers, cardiac and serum 5-HT levels, and total cardiac calcium (Ca2+) concentration. ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats also revealed a remarkable alteration of electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern and significantly upregulated expression of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptors gene. Moreover, ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats showed significant histopathological findings of MI and hypertrophic signs. However, pretreatment with FLP significantly attenuated the ISO-induced MI in a dose-dependent manner, as the effect of FLP (45 mg/kg) was more pronounced than that of the other two doses, FLP (15 and 30 mg/kg). The present study provides evidence for the cardioprotective efficacy of FLP against ISO-induced MI in rats.
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D’Amico A, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Peruzzi M, Bartimoccia S, Saba F, Pingitore A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Petramala L, De Grandis F, Vecchio D, D’Ambrosio L, Schiavon S, Sciarra L, Nocella C, Cavarretta E. Natural Activators of Autophagy Reduce Oxidative Stress and Muscle Injury Biomarkers in Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020459. [PMID: 36678330 PMCID: PMC9862446 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and impaired autophagy are directly and indirectly implicated in exercise-mediated muscle injury. Trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols possess pro-autophagic and antioxidant properties, and could therefore reduce exercise-induced damage to skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a mixture of these compounds was able to improve muscle injury biomarkers in endurance athletes through the modulation of oxidative stress and autophagic machinery. METHODS AND RESULTS sNOX2-dp; H2O2 production; H2O2 breakdown activity (HBA); ATG5 and p62 levels, both markers of autophagic process; and muscle injury biomarkers were evaluated in five endurance athletes who were allocated in a crossover design study to daily administration of 10.5 g of an experimental mixture or no treatment, with evaluations conducted at baseline and after 30 days of mixture consumption. Compared to baseline, the mixture intake led to a remarkable reduction of oxidative stress and positively modulated autophagy. Finally, after the 30-day supplementation period, a significant decrease in muscle injury biomarkers was found. CONCLUSION Supplementation with this mixture positively affected redox state and autophagy and improved muscle injury biomarkers in athletes, allowing for better muscle recovery. Moreover, it is speculated that this mixture could also benefit patients suffering from muscle injuries, such as cancer or cardiovascular patients, or elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annachiara Pingitore
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Petramala
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Grandis
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Vecchio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciarra
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-064-9970-102
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
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Hofer SJ, Simon AK, Bergmann M, Eisenberg T, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1112-1129. [PMID: 37118547 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging involves the systemic deterioration of all known cell types in most eukaryotes. Several recently discovered compounds that extend the healthspan and lifespan of model organisms decelerate pathways that govern the aging process. Among these geroprotectors, spermidine, a natural polyamine ubiquitously found in organisms from all kingdoms, prolongs the lifespan of fungi, nematodes, insects and rodents. In mice, it also postpones the manifestation of various age-associated disorders such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The specific features of spermidine, including its presence in common food items, make it an interesting candidate for translational aging research. Here, we review novel insights into the geroprotective mode of action of spermidine at the molecular level, as we discuss strategies for elucidating its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Liu H, Nguyen HH, Yoon KT, Lee SS. Pathogenic Mechanisms Underlying Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:849253. [PMID: 36926084 PMCID: PMC10013066 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.849253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction associated with cirrhosis in the absence of preexisting heart disease is a condition known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Cardiac abnormalities consist of enlargement of cardiac chambers, attenuated systolic and diastolic contractile responses to stress stimuli, and repolarization changes. CCM may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation and other major surgeries, and also to the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome. The underlying mechanisms of CCM are poorly understood and as such medical therapy is an area of unmet medical need. The present review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for development of CCM. The two major concurrent mechanistic pathways are the inflammatory phenotype due to portal hypertension, and protein/lipid synthetic/metabolic defects due to cirrhosis and liver insufficiency. The inflammatory phenotype arises from intestinal congestion due to portal hypertension, resulting in bacteria/endotoxin translocation into the systemic circulation. The cytokine storm associated with inflammation, particularly TNFα acting via NFκB depresses cardiac function. They also stimulate two evanescent gases, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide which produce cardiodepression by cGMP. Inflammation also stimulates the endocannabinoid CB-1 pathway. These systems inhibit the stimulatory beta-adrenergic contractile pathway. The liver insufficiency of cirrhosis is associated with defective synthesis or metabolism of several substances including proteins and lipids/lipoproteins. The protein defects including titin and collagen contribute to diastolic dysfunction. Other protein abnormalities such as a switch of myosin heavy chain isoforms result in systolic dysfunction. Lipid biochemical changes at the cardiac sarcolemmal plasma membrane result in increased cholesterol:phospholipid ratio and decreased membrane fluidity. Final common pathway changes involve abnormal cardiomyocyte intracellular ion kinetics, particularly calcium. In conclusion, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is caused by two pathways of cellular and molecular dysfunction/damage due to hepatic insufficiency and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Henry H Nguyen
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ki Tae Yoon
- Liver Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Samuel S Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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