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Ohno A, Fujimori N, Kaku T, Shimokawa Y, Miyagahara T, Suehiro Y, Gerodias A, Kakehashi S, Matsumoto K, Murakami M, Ueda K, Ogawa Y. Feasibility of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08652-x. [PMID: 39342525 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all previous reports on endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) involve malignant distal bile duct strictures. However, the feasibility of EUS-HGS for malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) remains unclear. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS-HGS for MHBO and identify the risk factors associated with technical failure. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective study, we reviewed consecutive patients who underwent EUS-HGS between April 2017 and March 2023 at five institutions. We assessed the overall feasibility and efficacy of EUS-HGS for MHBO, including the factors associated with technical failure, using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 85 patients were enrolled (mean age, 72 years; 36.4% female). Thirty-six patients (42.3%) had surgically altered anatomy, and 43 (50.6%) underwent biliary stenting by transpapillary or percutaneous biliary drainage before EUS-HGS. The rates of technical success, clinical success, and adverse events were 87.0% (74/85), 76.4% (65/85), and 11.8% (10/85), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that a bile duct diameter ≤ 4 mm was the only independent risk factor for technical failure (odds ratio, 6.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-36.6; P = 0.047). The most common reason for technical failure was cholangiography failure (45.4%), followed by inappropriate guidewire position (36.4%). CONCLUSIONS EUS-HGS is a challenging but promising treatment option for MHBO. Patients with a bile duct diameter ≤ 4 mm or inappropriate guidewire position should be careful as these factors can lead to the technical failure of EUS-HGS for MHBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Ohno
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nao Fujimori
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Toyoma Kaku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzo Shimokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, Nakatsu, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, Beppu, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, Nakatsu, Japan
| | - Yuta Suehiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, Nakatsu, Japan
| | - Anthony Gerodias
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Saint Luke's Medical Center, Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Shotaro Kakehashi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murakami
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Pawa S, Marya NB, Thiruvengadam NR, Ngamruengphong S, Baron TH, Bun Teoh AY, Bent CK, Abidi W, Alipour O, Amateau SK, Desai M, Chalhoub JM, Coelho-Prabhu N, Cosgrove N, Elhanafi SE, Forbes N, Fujii-Lau LL, Kohli DR, Machicado JD, Navaneethan U, Ruan W, Sheth SG, Thosani NC, Qumseya BJ. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on the role of therapeutic EUS in the management of biliary tract disorders: summary and recommendations. Gastrointest Endosc 2024:S0016-5107(24)00188-3. [PMID: 39078360 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
This clinical practice guideline from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provides an evidence-based approach for the role of therapeutic EUS in the management of biliary tract disorders. This guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework and addresses the following: 1: The role of EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in resolving biliary obstruction in patients after failed ERCP. 2: The role of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy versus EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy in resolving distal malignant biliary obstruction after failed ERCP. 3: The role of EUS-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) versus laparoscopic-assisted ERCP and enteroscopy-assisted ERCP (E-ERCP) in resolving biliary obstruction in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) anatomy. 4: The role of EUS-BD versus E-ERCP and PTBD in resolving biliary obstruction in patients with surgically altered anatomy other than RYGB. 5: The role of EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) versus percutaneous gallbladder drainage and endoscopic transpapillary transcystic gallbladder drainage in resolving acute cholecystitis in patients who are not candidates for cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neil B Marya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikhil R Thiruvengadam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Saowanee Ngamruengphong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd H Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Christopher K Bent
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Wasif Abidi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Omeed Alipour
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart K Amateau
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madhav Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jean M Chalhoub
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | | | - Natalie Cosgrove
- Center for Interventional Endoscopy, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sherif E Elhanafi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Nauzer Forbes
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Divyanshoo R Kohli
- Pancreas and Liver Clinic, Providence Sacred Medical Center, Elon Floyd School of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jorge D Machicado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Udayakumar Navaneethan
- Center for IBD and Interventional IBD, Orlando Health Digestive Health Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sunil G Sheth
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nirav C Thosani
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bashar J Qumseya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Moura DB, Nunes N, Chálim Rebelo C, Côrte-Real F, Paz N, Duarte MA. Hepaticoduodenostomy in Combined Endoscopic Ultrasound-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Biliary Drainage for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2024; 31:136-138. [PMID: 38576427 PMCID: PMC10993820 DOI: 10.1159/000530977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Bernardo Moura
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada EPER, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Nuno Nunes
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada EPER, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Carolina Chálim Rebelo
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada EPER, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Francisca Côrte-Real
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada EPER, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Nuno Paz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada EPER, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Maria Antónia Duarte
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada EPER, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Sato H, Kawabata H, Fujiya M. The Lambda stenting technique: a new approach to address EUS-guided biliary drainage-associated adverse events. VIDEOGIE : AN OFFICIAL VIDEO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 2024; 9:107-114. [PMID: 38357020 PMCID: PMC10861941 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been performed increasingly worldwide, especially in patients with malignant tumors in which ERCP is difficult, patients with surgically altered GI tracts, and older patients who are at high risk for surgery. EUS-BD requires high-level skills and has limited options for managing adverse events, particularly when stent migration and cholangitis occur. Adverse events, such as persistent bile leakage from the fistula and continuous reflux from the GI tract, are believed to always have a risk of severe exacerbation that could threaten the patient's life. Methods We encountered 2 cases of stent migrations and 1 case with repeated cholangitis in patients with malignant tumors among the patients who underwent EUS-BD. The migrated stent was visualized under EUS in 2 patients with stent migration, and an EUS-guided FNA needle was used to puncture the mesh of the stent. The cannulation catheter was directly inserted into the mesh of the stent in 1 case with repeated retrograde cholangitis, while the stent was visualized with an endoscope. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted through the puncture site, and a second metal stent was deployed between the meshes of the first stent, bridging the GI wall again (Lambda stenting technique). All procedures were performed with the patient under general anesthesia, and the patients safely completed the intervention. Results Patients' conditions significantly improved after the second stent insertion, allowing for chemotherapy resumption while maintaining their activities of daily living. The second stent remained in place without any migration, and the stent successfully prevented further cholangitis. Conclusions The Lambda stenting technique is considered highly effective for managing stent migration and repeated cholangitis, which is a major EUS-BD adverse event. This procedure helps avoid more invasive surgeries when stent migration and cholangitis occur and contributes to expanding EUS-BD applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kawabata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Koutlas NJ, Pawa S, Russell G, Ferris T, Ponnatapura J, Pawa R. EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage after failed ERCP: A propensity score-matched analysis. Endosc Int Open 2024; 12:E108-E115. [PMID: 38250165 PMCID: PMC10798845 DOI: 10.1055/a-2220-2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is the traditional second-line option after unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HG) is a viable alternative to PTBD. Our study aimed to compare outcomes of EUS-HG and PTBD for benign and malignant biliary diseases following failed ERCP. Patients and methods This single-center study retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing EUS-HG and PTBD for benign and malignant biliary disorders. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed using age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The primary outcome was clinical success, which we defined as a decrease in total bilirubin by ≥ 50% at 2 weeks for malignant disease and resolution of the biliary disorder for benign disease. Results In total, 41 patients underwent EUS-HG and 138 patients underwent PTBD. After propensity score matching in a 1:2 ratio, 32 EUS-HG patients were matched with 64 PTBD. Technical success was achieved in 29 of 32 (91%) for EUS-HG and 63 of 64 (98%) for PTBD ( P =0.11). Clinical success was 100% for EUS-HG and 75% for PTBD ( P =0.0021). EUS-HG was associated with a lower adverse event rate (EUS-HG 13% vs. PTBD 58%, P <0.0001), shorter procedure duration (median 60 vs. 115 minutes, P <0.0001), shorter post-procedure length of stay (median 2 vs. 4 days, P <0.0001), and fewer reinterventions (median 1 vs. 3, P <0.0001). Conclusions Our results suggest that EUS-HG is superior to PTBD in the treatment of benign and malignant biliary disorders after failed ERCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Koutlas
- Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Swati Pawa
- Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Greg Russell
- Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Taylor Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | | | - Rishi Pawa
- Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
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Eisenberg I, Gaidhane M, Kahaleh M, Tyberg A. Drainage Approach for Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Changing Paradigm. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:546-552. [PMID: 37079870 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the standard of care in the management of unresectable malignant biliary obstruction. However, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage has become widely accepted over the past several years for complicated biliary drainage in cases when ERCP is unsuccessful or not feasible. Recent emerging evidence suggests EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy and EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy are noninferior, and possibly even superior to conventional ERCP for primary palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. This article reviews the procedural techniques and considerations of the different techniques as well as comparative literature on safety and efficacy between techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Eisenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Monica Gaidhane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Michel Kahaleh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Amy Tyberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Song M, Han X, Jiao D. Predicting early biliary infection after stenting of malignant biliary obstruction: model development and internal validation. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2456-2465. [PMID: 37160766 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the risk factors and develop a clinical prediction model for early biliary infection (EBI) after percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting (PTBS) in patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). METHODS The clinical data of 236 patients with MBO treated with PTBS from June 2012 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Independent risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram model was constructed based on the results. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of this model were further assessed. RESULTS The technical success rate of PTBS was 100%, and EBI after PTBS was 20.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hilar MBO (P = 0.020), diabetes (P = 0.001), previous surgical or endoscopic intervention (P = 0.007), procedure time > 60 min (P = 0.007), and intraprocedural biliary hemorrhage (P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for EBI after PTBS. A nomogram model was developed to predict the probability of EBI. ROC curves showed good discrimination of the model (area under curve = 0.831). The calibration plot indicated that the predicted probability of EBI by this model was in good agreement with the actual probability of EBI. The DCA curves showed that the net benefit of nomogram-assisted decisions was higher than or equal to the net benefit of treatment for all or none at a wide threshold probability (0-0.8). CONCLUSION The nomogram model based on the above independent risk factors can predict the probability of EBI and model-assisted treatment decisions contribute to improved clinical outcome. Therefore, MBO patients with probability of EBI > 0.20 based on the model should be recommended for perioperative broad-spectrum antibiotics and close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang C, Luo T. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage/percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent implantation for treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with obstructive jaundice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:165-171. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i5.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the extrahepatic bile duct including the hilar region to the lower bile duct of the common bile duct. With the development of interventional techniques and medical materials, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent implantation (PTBS) has become the main treatment to relieve biliary obstruction. However, the occurrence of postoperative complications seriously affects the prognosis of patients, and the combination of biliary stenting with local treatment has been found to significantly prolong the time to biliary patency. This article reviews the progress of PTCD/PTBS in the treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with obstructive jaundice, evaluates its clinical efficacy, and points out the current problems and posible solutions to provide more reference for subsequent related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Biliary Strictures. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:405-426. [PMID: 36863037 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A biliary stricture is an abnormal narrowing in the ductal drainage system of the liver that can result in clinically and physiologically relevant obstruction to the flow of bile. The most common and ominous etiology is malignancy, underscoring the importance of a high index of suspicion in the evaluation of this condition. The goals of care in patients with a biliary stricture are confirming or excluding malignancy (diagnosis) and reestablishing flow of bile to the duodenum (drainage); the approach to diagnosis and drainage varies according to anatomic location (extrahepatic vs perihilar). For extrahepatic strictures, endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition is highly accurate and has become the diagnostic mainstay. In contrast, the diagnosis of perihilar strictures remains a challenge. Similarly, the drainage of extrahepatic strictures tends to be more straightforward and safer and less controversial than that of perihilar strictures. Recent evidence has provided some clarity in multiple important areas pertaining to biliary strictures, whereas several remaining controversies require additional research. The goal of this guideline is to provide practicing clinicians with the most evidence-based guidance on the approach to patients with extrahepatic and perihilar strictures, focusing on diagnosis and drainage.
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Paduano D, Facciorusso A, De Marco A, Ofosu A, Auriemma F, Calabrese F, Tarantino I, Franchellucci G, Lisotti A, Fusaroli P, Repici A, Mangiavillano B. Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Biliary Drainage in Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020490. [PMID: 36672438 PMCID: PMC9856645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) is a challenging medical problem that often negatively impacts the patient's quality of life (QoL), postoperative complications, and survival rates. Endoscopic approaches to biliary drainage are generally performed by ERCP or, in selected cases, with a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). Recent advances in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allow drainage where previous methods have failed. EUS has evolved from a purely diagnostic technique to one that allows a therapeutic approach in the event of ERCP failure in distal MBO. Moreover, the introduction of dedicated accessories and prostheses for EUS-guided transmural biliary drainage (EUS-BD) made these procedures more successful with regard to technical success, clinical outcomes and reduction of adverse events (AEs). Finally, lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) have improved the therapeutic role of the EUS. Subsequently, the electrocautery enhanced tip of the LAMS (EC-LAMS) allows a direct access of the delivery system to the target lumen, thereby simplifying and reducing the EUS-BD procedure time. EUS-BD using LAMS and EC-LAMS has proven effective and safe with a low rate of AEs. This review aims to evaluate biliary drainage techniques in malignant obstruction, focusing on the role of EUS biliary drainage by LAMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Paduano
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, 21053 Castellanza, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.M.); Tel.: +39-0331-476205 (D.P.)
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine, The Pancreas Institute, University Hospital of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Marco
- Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrew Ofosu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45201, USA
| | - Francesco Auriemma
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, 21053 Castellanza, Italy
| | - Federica Calabrese
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, 21053 Castellanza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarantino
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lisotti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusaroli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Benedetto Mangiavillano
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, 21053 Castellanza, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.M.); Tel.: +39-0331-476205 (D.P.)
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Kawashima H, Ohno E, Ishikawa T, Mizutani Y, Iida T, Yamamura T, Kakushima N, Furukawa K, Nakamura M. Endoscopic management of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:1147-1156. [PMID: 35377509 DOI: 10.1111/den.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic management for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) is evolving toward more accurate diagnosis and safer drainage. In imaging, it is important to diagnose the entire lesion using multidetector-row computed tomography to determine resectability and optimal surgical planning, followed by local diagnosis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Video peroral cholangioscopy and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy have been newly introduced as diagnostic imaging methods and are being applied clinically. In transpapillary forceps biopsy for PHCC diagnosis, the location in the bile duct (for mapping biopsy) and the number of biopsy samples should be determined depending on resectability, the morphological type, and future surgical planning. Preoperative drainage has shifted from percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage to endoscopic nasobiliary drainage given the possibility of seeding metastasis. In addition, considering potential patient discomfort from a nasal tube, the usefulness of the placement of a plastic stent above the papilla (inside stent) as a bridging therapy for surgery has been reported. For drainage of unresectable PHCC, the improved prognosis due to advances in chemotherapy has necessitated a strategy that accounts for reintervention. Thus, in addition to uncovered self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS), exchangeable slim fully covered SEMS and inside stents have started to be used. In addition to the conventional transpapillary approach, an endoscopic ultrasonography-guided approach has been introduced, and a combination of both methods has also been proposed. To improve the quality of life and prognosis of PHCC patients, endoscopists need to understand and be able to use the various methods of endoscopic management for PHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naomi Kakushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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Song S, Gong S, Lei T, Tian H, Lu T, Lei C, Jin H, Yang W, Yang K, Guo T. Comparative efficacy and safety of local palliative therapeutics for unresectable malignant biliary obstruction: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:555-567. [PMID: 35639826 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2085090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both radiofrequency ablation (RFA), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biliary stent alone are common local palliative therapies for unresectable malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), but the best modality is uncertain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science were systematically searched up to 30 January 2022, for eligible studies that compared either two or all modalities in unresectable MBO. RESULTS Thirty-three studies with 2974 patients were included in this study. The PDT+Stent and RFA+Stent groups had better overall survival and longer mean survival time than Stent alone (all P < 0.05). Moreover, patients with RFA+Stent demonstrated better mean duration of stent patency (MD: 2.0, 95%CI,1.1 to 2.8, P < 0.05) than Stent alone. The three modalities had similar postoperative mild bleeding, cholangitis, and pancreatitis (all P ≥ 0.05). According to network ranking, PDT+Stent was most likely to provide better survival, RFA+Stent was most likely to maintain stent patency. CONCLUSIONS RFA or PDT plus biliary stent is effective and safe local palliative therapy for unresectable MBO, but the current studies cannot absolutely determine which modality is the best. We should offer patients the most appropriate treatment according to the advantage of each therapy and the patient's performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shiyi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Therapy of Surgical Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Caining Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haojie Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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13
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Local palliative therapies for unresectable malignant biliary obstruction: radiofrequency ablation combined with stent or biliary stent alone? An updated meta-analysis of nineteen trials. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:5559-5570. [PMID: 35296949 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been a burgeoning interest in radiofrequency ablation combined with stent (RFA + Stent) for unresectable malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RFA + Stent compared with biliary stent alone. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their inception dates to June 20, 2021, for studies that compared RFA + Stent and stent alone for unresectable MBO. The main outcomes were survival, patency, and adverse effects. All meta-analyses were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 19 studies involving 1946 patients were included in this study. Compared with stent alone, RFA + Stent was significantly associated with better overall survival (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.48, 0.63; P < 0.00001), longer mean survival time (SMD 2.20; 95% CI 1.17, 3.22; P < 0.0001), longer mean stent patency time (SMD 1.37; 95% CI 0.47, 2.26; P = 0.003), higher stent patency at 6 months (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.54, 5.18; P = 0.0008). The two interventions had similar incidence of postoperative abdominal pain (OR 1.29; 95% CI 0.94, 1.78; P = 0.11), mild bleeding (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.65, 2.54; P = 0.48), cholangitis (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.76, 1.55; P = 0.65), pancreatitis (OR 1.39; 95% CI 0.82, 2.38; P = 0.22). Furthermore, the serum bilirubin levels and stricture diameter after operations were significantly alleviated than before operations, but the degree of alleviation between the two groups were not significantly different (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Although the alleviation of serum bilirubin and stricture diameter did not differ between the two interventions, RFA + Stent can significantly improve the survival and stent patency with comparable procedure-related adverse events than stent alone. Thus, RFA + Stent should be recommended as an attractive alternative to biliary stent alone for patients with unresectable MBO.
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Abstract
If endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails in cases of biliary obstruction and jaundice, percutaneous drains have been traditionally the current second-line option. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) with choledocoduodenostomy or hepaticogastrostomy is alternative modality that have shown equivalent or better technical and clinical success compared with percutaneous drainage. Similarly, EUS-guided gallbladder drainage has emerged as a therapeutic option in acute cholecystitis as well. Furthermore, EUS-BD avoids some of the pitfalls of percutaneous drainage. Current research in EUS-BD involves optimizing devices to improve technical and clinical success. In centers with advanced endoscopists trained in these procedures, EUS-BD is an excellent second-line modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Vedantam
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sunil Amin
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Clinical Research Building, Suite 11145 (D-49), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Giovannini
- Department of Medico-Surgical, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
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