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Omar S, Parris P, Gurke CR. Hemoadsorption Therapy for Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose: A Case Report. J Emerg Med 2024; 66:e463-e466. [PMID: 38461133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern resin hemoadsorption/hemoperfusion for calcium channel blocker overdose is yet to be reported. The characteristics of calcium channel blockers make them unamenable to removal by hemodiafiltration or charcoal hemoperfusion; however, elimination, using styrene bead adsorption in an ex vivo model, has been demonstrated. Its clinical use is described. CASE REPORT A man in his 20s was admitted with shock into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) after an overdose of amlodipine and risperidone. Resuscitation and supportive care were administered, but hypotension did not resolve despite the administration of intravenous fluids, infusions of calcium, adrenaline, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic therapy. Methylene blue was then administered to maintain the mean arterial pressures. However, the hemodynamic effect did not allow the weaning of the adrenaline. Drug clearance using hemoadsorption/hemoperfusion was attempted using a styrene resin filter (Jafron HA230; Jafron Biomedical Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China). During the two hemoperfusion sessions (6 h duration each, and 18 h apart) the patient had successfully weaned off all supportive measures, with lactate levels returning to normal and was later discharged home. At the end of each session, significant amlodipine concentrations were detected in blood aspirated from both filters, suggesting enhanced clearance. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Our case illustrates a temporal relationship between resin hemoperfusion therapy, resolution of hemodynamic instability, and shock without proving causation. Significant amlodipine elimination was suggested by high concentrations found in blood from the filter. At the same time, shock resolution after initiation of hemoperfusion occurred in less than one elimination half-life of amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahed Omar
- Department of Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine/University of Witwatersrand/Chris Hani Baragwanath, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Pano Parris
- Department of Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine/University of Witwatersrand/Chris Hani Baragwanath, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chloe Rose Gurke
- Department of Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine/University of Witwatersrand/Chris Hani Baragwanath, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kakkar RA, Haneen MA, Parida AC, Sharma G. The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139215. [PMID: 37575934 PMCID: PMC10421671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanity will always be indebted to plants. In the ongoing scientific era, the 'Herbal Revolution' has helped discover several valuable medicinal plants and associated novel secondary metabolites from the diverse unexplored ecosystems, treating several diseases via phytotherapy. The Aconitum genus comprises several economically-important poisonous mountainous medicinal plant species whose unique biodiversity is on the verge of extinction due to illegal human intervention triggered habitat loss, over-harvesting, and unrestricted trading. Owing to its vast diversity of diterpene alkaloids, most species are extensively used to treat several ailments in rural parts of the world. Irrespective of this, many unexplored and intriguing prospects exist to understand and utilize this critical plant for human benefit. This systematic review tries to fill this gap by compiling information from the sporadically available literature known for ~300 Aconitum spp. regarding its nomenclature and classification, endangerment, plant morphology, ploidy, secondary metabolites, drug pharmacokinetics, conservation, and omics-based computational studies. We also depicted the disparity in the studied model organisms for this diverse genus. The absence of genomic/metagenomic data is becoming a limiting factor in understanding its plant physiology, metabolic pathways, and plant-microbes interactions, and therefore must be promoted. Additionally, government support and public participation are crucial in establishing conservation protocols to save this plant from endangerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mariam Azeezuddin Haneen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
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Jangjou A, Moqadas M, Mohsenian L, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S, Alshehery S, Ali MA, Dehbozorgi F, Yadav KK, Khorami M, Zarei Jelyani N. Awareness raising and dealing with methanol poisoning based on effective strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115886. [PMID: 37072082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication with methanol most commonly occurs as a consequence of ingesting, inhaling, or coming into contact with formulations that include methanol as a base. Clinical manifestations of methanol poisoning include suppression of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal symptoms, and decompensated metabolic acidosis, which is associated with impaired vision and either early or late blindness within 0.5-4 h after ingestion. After ingestion, methanol concentrations in the blood that are greater than 50 mg/dl should raise some concern. Ingested methanol is typically digested by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and it is subsequently redistributed to the body's water to attain a volume distribution that is about equivalent to 0.77 L/kg. Moreover, it is removed from the body as its natural, unchanged parent molecules. Due to the fact that methanol poisoning is relatively uncommon but frequently involves a large number of victims at the same time, this type of incident occupies a special position in the field of clinical toxicology. The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in erroneous assumptions regarding the preventative capability of methanol in comparison to viral infection. More than 1000 Iranians fell ill, and more than 300 of them passed away in March of this year after they consumed methanol in the expectation that it would protect them from a new coronavirus. The Atlanta epidemic, which involved 323 individuals and resulted in the deaths of 41, is one example of mass poisoning. Another example is the Kristiansand outbreak, which involved 70 people and resulted in the deaths of three. In 2003, the AAPCC received reports of more than one thousand pediatric exposures. Since methanol poisoning is associated with high mortality rates, it is vital that the condition be addressed seriously and managed as quickly as feasible. The objective of this review was to raise awareness about the mechanism and metabolism of methanol toxicity, the introduction of therapeutic interventions such as gastrointestinal decontamination and methanol metabolism inhibition, the correction of metabolic disturbances, and the establishment of novel diagnostic/screening nanoparticle-based strategies for methanol poisoning such as the discovery of ADH inhibitors as well as the detection of the adulteration of alcoholic drinks by nanoparticles in order to prevent methanol poisoning. In conclusion, increasing warnings and knowledge about clinical manifestations, medical interventions, and novel strategies for methanol poisoning probably results in a decrease in the death load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jangjou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Moqadas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Mohsenian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jln Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sultan Alshehery
- Department of Mechanical Engineering King Khalid University, zip code - 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Azam Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering King Khalid University, zip code - 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farbod Dehbozorgi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Masoud Khorami
- Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Zarei Jelyani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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pH Gradient Liposomes Extract Protein Bound Amitriptyline in Peritoneal Dialysis-Exploratory Work. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911577. [PMID: 36232875 PMCID: PMC9570482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poisoning is a significant cause of injury-related death worldwide. Dialysis is usually ineffective in removing the toxin once it has been absorbed because of drug protein binding and high volumes of distribution. In this work, we explore whether the addition of liposomes to peritoneal dialysate could extract protein bound amitriptyline. Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. In the in vitro experiment, 3 mL of 20% albumin with a concentration of 6000 nmol/L amitriptyline in a proprietary dialysis cartridge was dialysed against 125 mL of phosphate-buffered saline with and without 80 mg 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DOPG) liposomes. In the in vivo arm, peritoneal dialysis was undertaken in 6 rats with pH gradient liposome augmented dialysate after intravenous amitriptyline injection. Peritoneal blood flow was estimated by CO2 extraction. Total amitriptyline extracted was compared to freely dissolved (non-protein bound) and total amitriptyline perfusing the membrane during the peritoneal dwell. Mean liposome size for DOPG and acidic centre pH gradient liposomes was 119 nm and 430 nm, respectively. In the in vitro experiment, more amitriptyline was extracted into the liposome containing dialysate than the control dialysate (40 +/- 2 nmol/L vs. 27 +/- 1 nmol/L). In the in vivo experiment, the total amitriptyline in dialysate was 5240 +/- 2750 nmol. Mean total free amitriptyline perfusing the peritoneal membrane was 93 +/- 46 nmol. Mean total blood amitriptyline perfusing the peritoneal membrane was 23,920 +/- 6920 nmol. Two of the six animals were excluded due to overestimation of peritoneal blood flow. This exploratory work suggests the addition of liposome nanoparticles to peritoneal dialysate extracted protein bound amitriptyline from blood.
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Yaxley J, Scott T. Dialysis and Extracorporeal Therapies for Enhanced Elimination of Toxic Ingestions and Poisoning. Ther Apher Dial 2022; 26:865-878. [PMID: 35355407 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poisoning and toxic ingestions cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Extracorporeal therapies such as dialysis, haemoperfusion and plasma exchange are selectively applied to patients with severe intoxications unresponsive to standard interventions and can be lifesaving. Extracorporeal therapies are a complex but fundamental aspect of the practice of nephrology. Without high-quality evidence to guide implementation, an understanding of toxicokinetics and the physiochemical principles of the enhanced elimination techniques is especially important. This review provides a comphrensive, user-friendly outline of the application of extracorporeal therapy in the poisoned patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Yaxley
- Department of Nephrology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Qld, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Qld, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Tahira Scott
- Department of Nephrology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Qld, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld, Australia
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Lithium is a gold standard maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder. It has a narrow therapeutic range, and at higher serum lithium levels there is a risk of adverse effects and toxicity. There are three patterns of lithium intoxication: acute, acute-on-chronic and chronic. We describe risk factors for lithium intoxication, mechanisms of toxicity and clinical symptoms seen in lithium intoxication. We describe both the acute and chronic effects of lithium toxicity. Lithium intoxication may be life-threatening and associated with longer-term sequelae. The management of lithium intoxication involves determining the type of intoxication. We discuss treatment strategies aimed at reducing absorption and increasing elimination of lithium. We discuss clinical indications for extracorporeal methods such as dialysis, which are used to limit the time and degree of exposure of the central nervous system to toxic lithium concentrations. Haemodialysis is the most rapid method of eliminating lithium from the body, but careful monitoring is required. Preventive strategies to mitigate the risk for lithium intoxication are discussed.
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