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Apetroaei MM, Fragkiadaki P, Velescu BȘ, Baliou S, Renieri E, Dinu-Pirvu CE, Drăgănescu D, Vlăsceanu AM, Nedea MI(I, Udeanu DI, Docea AO, Tsatsakis A, Arsene AL. Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations on Telomere Biology: The Positive Effect of Pharmacologically Active Substances on Telomere Length. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7694. [PMID: 39062937 PMCID: PMC11276808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are part of chromatin structures containing repeated DNA sequences, which function as protective caps at the ends of chromosomes and prevent DNA degradation and recombination, thus ensuring the integrity of the genome. While telomere length (TL) can be genetically inherited, TL shortening has been associated with ageing and multiple xenobiotics and bioactive substances. TL has been characterised as a reliable biomarker for the predisposition to developing chronic pathologies and their progression. This narrative review aims to provide arguments in favour of including TL measurements in a complex prognostic and diagnostic panel of chronic pathologies and the importance of assessing the effect of different pharmacologically active molecules on the biology of telomeres. Medicines used in the management of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, schizophrenia, hormone replacement therapy at menopause, danazol, melatonin, and probiotics have been studied for their positive protective effects against TL shortening. All these classes of drugs are analysed in the present review, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (S.B.); (E.R.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Bruno Ștefan Velescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Stella Baliou
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (S.B.); (E.R.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (S.B.); (E.R.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Cristina Elena Dinu-Pirvu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Ana Maria Vlăsceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Artistidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (S.B.); (E.R.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreea Letiția Arsene
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.M.V.); (M.I.N.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
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Yao S, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu G. Effects of SNPs in AANAT and ASMT Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows ( Bos taurus). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071196. [PMID: 35885979 PMCID: PMC9322776 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the two rate-limiting enzymes for melatonin synthesis, regulate melatonin production in mammals. Through analysis of the milk melatonin level and dairy herd improvement (DHI) index, it was found that the melatonin concentration in milk was significantly negatively correlated with the 305 day milk yield (305M) and peak milk yield (PeakM) (p < 0.05), while it was significantly positively correlated with the serum melatonin concentration (p < 0.05). The full-length of AANAT and ASMT were sequenced and genotyped in 122 cows. Three SNPs in AANAT and four SNPs in ASMT were significantly related to MT levels in the milk and serum (p < 0.05). The SNPs in AANAT were temporarily denoted as N-SNP1 (g.55290169 T>C), N-SNP2 (g.55289357 T>C), and N-SNP3 (g.55289409 C>T). The SNPs in ASMT were temporarily denoted as M-SNP1 (g.158407305 G>A), M-SNP2 (g.158407477 A>G), M-SNP3 (g.158407874 G>A), and M-SNP4 (g.158415342 T>C). The M-SNP1, M-SNP2, and M-SNP3 conformed to the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05), while other SNPs deviated from the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (p < 0.05). The potential association of MT production and each SNP was statistically analyzed using the method of linkage disequilibrium (LD). The results showed that N-SNP2 and N-SNP3 had some degree of LD (D′ = 0.27), but M-SNP1 and M-SNP2 had a strong LD (D′ = 0.98). Thus, the DHI index could serve as a prediction of the milk MT level. The SNPs in AANAT and ASMT could be used as potential molecular markers for screening cows to produce high melatonin milk.
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