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Ruksiriwanich W, Linsaenkart P, Khantham C, Muangsanguan A, Sringarm K, Jantrawut P, Prom-u-thai C, Jamjod S, Yamuangmorn S, Arjin C, Rachtanapun P, Jantanasakulwong K, Phimolsiripol Y, Barba FJ, Sommano SR, Chutoprapat R, Boonpisuttinant K. Regulatory Effects of Thai Rice By-Product Extracts from Oryza sativa L. cv. Bue Bang 3 CMU and Bue Bang 4 CMU on Melanin Production, Nitric Oxide Secretion, and Steroid 5α-Reductase Inhibition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:653. [PMID: 36771737 PMCID: PMC9921347 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia and gray hair are common hair abnormalities affecting physical appearance and causing psychological problems. Chemical treatments partially restore hair disorders but have distressing side effects. Bioactive plant compounds constitute promising sources of potential medicinal substances instead of chemical agents, producing high side effects. In this study, we focused on the waste of local rice cultivars: Bue Bang 3 CMU (BB3CMU) and Bue Bang 4 CMU (BB4CMU) from the north of Thailand. The rice bran oil (RBO), defatted rice bran extract (DFRB), and rice husk (H) were determined for in vitro hair revitalization in melanin production, nitric oxide (NO) secretion, and steroid 5α-reductase inhibition. The results indicated that BB4CMU-RBO with high contents of iron, zinc, and free fatty acids showed a comparable induction of melanin production on melanocytes (130.18 ± 9.13% of control) to the standard drug theophylline with no significant difference (p > 0.05). This promising melanin induction could be related to activating the NO secretion pathway, with the NO secretion level at 1.43 ± 0.05 µM. In addition, BB4CMU-RBO illustrated a significant inhibitory effect on both steroid 5α-reductase genes (SRD5A) type 1 and type 2, which relates to its primary source of tocopherols. Hence, rice bran oil from the Thai rice variety BB4CMU could be applied as a promising hair revitalizing candidate, from natural resources, to help promote hair growth and re-pigmentation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pichchapa Linsaenkart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chiranan Khantham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anurak Muangsanguan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | | | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Chaiwat Arjin
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Romchat Chutoprapat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdoms (INPTW), Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
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Zou P, Du Y, Yang C, Cao Y. Trace element zinc and skin disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1093868. [PMID: 36733937 PMCID: PMC9887131 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1093868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a necessary trace element and an important constituent of proteins and other biological molecules. It has many biological functions, including antioxidant, skin and mucous membrane integrity maintenance, and the promotion of various enzymatic and transcriptional responses. The skin contains the third most zinc in the organism. Zinc deficiency can lead to a range of skin diseases. Except for acrodermatitis enteropathic, a rare genetic zinc deficiency, it has also been reported in other diseases. In recent years, zinc supplementation has been widely used for various skin conditions, including infectious diseases (viral warts, genital herpes, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leprosy), inflammatory diseases (hidradenitis suppurativa, acne vulgaris, rosacea, eczematous dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, Behcet's disease, oral lichen planus), pigmentary diseases (vitiligo, melasma), tumor-associated diseases (basal cell carcinoma), endocrine and metabolic diseases (necrolytic migratory erythema, necrolytic acral erythema), hair diseases (alopecia), and so on. We reviewed the literature on zinc application in dermatology to provide references for better use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Chunguang Yang ✉
| | - Yuchun Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Yuchun Cao ✉
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Al Abadie M, Sharara Z, Al Abadie M, Ball PA, Morrissey H. Possible relationship between poor skin disorders prognosis and serum zinc level: A narrative review. Dermatol Reports 2022; 14:9512. [PMID: 36483222 PMCID: PMC9724729 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2022.9512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a trace nutrient essential for the normal growth and development of human body. The main aim was to evaluate the significant association between measured zinc status in relation to different skin disorders and their severity. PubMed®, Google® Scholar™ and Cochrane© Reviews databases were searched for studies from January 2017 to June 2021, using the terms; zinc serum levels, zinc plasma levels and different dermatosis in the review, only human studies in English language were reviewed and the studies designs were controlled, cross sectional, observational and analytic types. A total of forty-eight research studies were included in this review. All studies have evaluated serum zinc in skin diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, pityriasis alba, androgenetic alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, vitiligo, melasma, acne, seborrheic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppuritiva. It was found that 33 studies had validated statistically significant differences in serum zinc levels between patients and controls. There is a predominance of low serum zinc levels in all the dermatoses reviewed. The clinical significance of this finding highlights the possible value, and need to investigate, the use of Zinc supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in the management of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases proven to manifest altered zinc levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zinah Sharara
- MSc Clin Derm, National Health Service (NHS), Community Dermatology Clinics (Health Harmonie)
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Nooh M, Alghamdi N, Alsolami H, Alturkistani R, Marghalani S. Association Between Vitamin D, Zinc, and Thyroid Biomarker Levels With Vitiligo Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2022; 14:e31774. [PMID: 36569724 PMCID: PMC9773903 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vitiligo is a dermatological autoimmune disease that has been linked with numerous risk factors. There is an elevated level of evidence suggesting a linkage between vitiligo disease and zinc, vitamin D (Vit-D), thyroid hormones, and thyroid antibody levels. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients of all age groups of both sexes. Patients were investigated for demographics, vitiligo characteristics, and laboratory tests, including zinc, Vit-D, T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb). Results Two hundred and ninety-seven patients were retrospectively assessed; they averaged 29 years for segmental vitiligo (SV) and 31 years for nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). Gender-wise, our study included more females (57.5%) than males (42.5%). Females comprised approximately 51.8% of NSV patients, while males constituted 36.7%. Patients' T3, T4, and TPOAb levels correlated significantly with age (p=0.001, p <0.01, p=0.14), and elevated BMI recorded high TPOAb levels (p<0.001). An increase in TGAb was associated with extensive involvement in the depigmentation of body surface area (BSA). The segmental type had the lowest TGAb and TPOAb titers. The universal subtype of vitiligo recorded the highest TSH, T3, and TGAb levels. However, differences in laboratory test levels were insignificant for the sex, the type of vitiligo, or the subtype of vitiligo. Conclusion In conclusion, neither Vit-D nor zinc had a significant linkage with any of vitiligo's characteristics or treatments. Nonetheless, TGAb had a significant correlation to the BSA involved with vitiligo while T4 and TPOAb had a significant association with age, BMI, and BSA overall. Statistically, T3 was linked with age and BSA overall only. More studies with a higher level of evidence are required to establish the association of Vit-D, zinc, thyroid biomarkers, and thyroid antibodies.
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Khoshdel Z, Gholijani N, Niknam M, Rahmani N, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Naghibalhossaini F. Serum Copper and Zinc Levels Among Iranian Vitiligo Patients. Dermatol Pract Concept 2022; 12:e2022140. [PMID: 36534572 PMCID: PMC9681465 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1204a140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease, which its etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. Numerous studies have suggested that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. There are controversial reports as to the changes of serum trace elements, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels in vitiligo patients. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the alterations in the level of serum Cu and Zn among a group of Iranian vitiligo patients. METHODS The levels of serum Cu and Zn were compared between 117 vitiligo patients and 137 healthy controls using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS The mean Cu and Zn levels in the cases (113.57 ± 59.43 and 95.01 ± 58.95 μg/dl, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the controls (138.90 ± 38.14 and 121.83 ± 33.80 μg/dl, respectively) (P = 0.00). We also observed significantly lower serum Cu and Zn concentrations in young (< 50 years) than the elderly (≥ 50 years) patients (P = 0.00). The mean Cu and Zn levels in the patients with generalized vitiligo (111.63±54.18 and 93.11±59.33 μg/dl, respectively) were significantly lower than patients with localized vitiligo (120.74 ±71.64 and 98.69±58.63 μg/dl, respectively) and those in the control (P = 0.00). The serum Cu/Zn ratio obtained in the young and male patients was higher than those in their matched controls (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The current study has shown that the disturbance of serum Cu and Zn levels is associated with vitiligo, and may play an important role in the disease development of Iranian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khoshdel
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Rahmani
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
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Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL. Vitiligo: An Updated Narrative Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:76-91. [PMID: 33302860 DOI: 10.2174/1573396316666201210125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a relatively common acquired pigmentation disorder that can cause significant psychological stress and stigmatism. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of vitiligo. METHODS A Pubmed search was conducted in Clinical Queries using the key term "vitiligo". The search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English language. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Approximately one quarter of patients with vitiligo have the onset before 10 years of age. Genetic, immunological, neurogenic and environmental factors may have a role to play in the pathogenesis. Vitiligo typically presents as acquired depigmented, well-demarcated macules/patches that appear milk- or chalk-white in color. Lesions tend to increase in number and enlarge centrifugally in size with time. Sites of predilection include the face, followed by the neck, lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs. The clinical course is generally unpredictable. In children with fair skin, no active treatment is usually necessary other than the use of sunscreens and camouflage cosmetics. If treatment is preferred for cosmesis, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy are the mainstays of treatment. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of all the treatment modalities varies considerably from individual to individual. As such, treatment must be individualized. In general, the best treatment response is seen in younger patients, recent disease onset, darker skin types, and head and neck lesions. Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the treatment choice for those with localized disease. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are generally preferred for lesions on genitalia, intertriginous areas, face, and neck. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy should be considered in patients who have widespread vitiligo or those with localized vitiligo associated with a significant impact on the quality of life who do not respond to treatment with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
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Ahmed Abdel Rahman SH, Hussein MS, Mansour AI. Are Patients with Vitiligo More Prone to Myocardial Infarction?: A Case-control Study. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2019; 12:28-31. [PMID: 32038754 PMCID: PMC6937161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is a multifactorial polygenic disorder commonly associated with other autoimmune diseases. The reported link between vitiligo and abnormalities of serum interleukin (IL)-17, zinc, calcium, and vitamin D is not fully understood. Objectives: We sought to assess the serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, zinc, and IL-17 in patients with vitiligo and to answer the question of whether patients with vitiligo are more prone to experience myocardial infarction. Design: This was a case-control study and we did not exclude any eligible participants with other systemic autoimmune diseases. Serum vitamin D, calcium, zinc, and IL-17 levels were measured and correlated with disease severity. Setting: The study was conducted at Benha University Hospital in Egypt. Participants: Thirty patients with vitiligo and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included. Measurements: Disease severity was measured using the Vitiligo Extent Tensity Index (VETI) score. Results: Patients with vitiligo showed significantly lower levels of vitamin D (p<0.001), calcium (p<0.001), and zinc (p<0.001), and an insignificantly higher level of IL-17 compared to the control group (p=0.102). Patients with other autoimmune diseases showed significantly lower vitamin D (p=0.0001) and calcium (p<0.0001) levels and higher IL-17 (p=0.0431) and zinc (p=0.0274) compared to controls. Conclusion: The levels of measured markers might make patients with vitiligo, especially those with autoimmune diseases, prone to myocardial infarction; the investigation of myocardial infarction, especially when a patient shows low vitamin D, calcium, and zinc or high IL-17 are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Saber Hussein
- Drs. Ahmed, Hussein, and Mansour are with the Faculty of Medicine, Benha University in Banha, Egypt
| | - Amira Ibrahim Mansour
- Drs. Ahmed, Hussein, and Mansour are with the Faculty of Medicine, Benha University in Banha, Egypt
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Rahimi H, Mozafari N, Bastaninejad S, Tehranchinia Z, Samani NA. Hearing status in patients with vitiligo. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:445-450. [PMID: 31296994 PMCID: PMC6596346 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s201012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is an acquired disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches that result from a progressive loss of functional melanocytes. During embryogenesis, precursor cells of melanocytes (melanoblasts) migrate not only to the epidermis and hair follicles but also to the leptomeninges, uveal tract of the eye, and inner ear. Thus, it has been proposed that these organs may be involved in vitiligo, as well. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of hearing loss by means of audiometry and distortion product otoaucostic emission (DPOAE) in patients with vitiligo. Methods: Fifty-three patients with vitiligo and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this case–control study. After a complete otological examination, comprehensive audiological evaluations including pure tone audiometry (PTA) and DPOAE were performed for all participants and the results were compared between the two groups. Results: Neither PTA nor DPOAE showed significant difference between the two groups in any of the evaluated frequencies (0.75–8 KHz). Furthermore, in patient group, there was no association between PTA/DPOAE and age, gender, duration of the disease, presence of halo nevus, type of vitiligo, extent of involvement, and positive family history of vitiligo. Conclusion: Vitiligo patients have normal hearing status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Rahimi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mozafari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bastaninejad
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tehranchinia
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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ZOKAEI S, FARHUD DD, KEYKHAEI M, ZARIF YEGANEH M, RAHIMI H, MORAVVEJ H. Cultured Epidermal Melanocyte Transplantation in Vitiligo: A Review Article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:388-399. [PMID: 31223565 PMCID: PMC6570809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The color of the skin is highly heritable but can be influenced by the environments and endocrine factors. Many other factors, sometimes destructive, are also involved in the formation of skin color, which sometimes affects pigmentation patterns. Vitiligo is an autoimmune hypopigmentation painless disorder with appearance of white patches and psychological effects on patients. It is a disease in which melanocytes of the skin are destroyed in certain areas; therefore depigmentation appears. METHODS We studied more than 60 articles. Several therapeutic methods have been used to return the color of skin in vitiligo. These methods include non-invasive treatment and surgical techniques. Among all these therapies, cell transplantation is an advanced procedure in regenerative medicine. Extraction of melanocytes from normal skin and then their cultivation in the laboratory provides a large number of these cells, the transplanting of which to depigmentation areas stimulates the site to irreversibly produce melanin. RESULTS The transplantation methods of these cells have been evolved over many years and the methods of producing blister have been changed to the injection of these cells to the target sites. CONCLUSION In this review, autologous cultured melanocyte transplantation has been considered to be the most viable, safe, and effective method in the history of vitiligo treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh ZOKAEI
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush D. FARHUD
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Mohammad KEYKHAEI
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan ZARIF YEGANEH
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda RAHIMI
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh MORAVVEJ
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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