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Tzimas K, Antoniadou M, Varzakas T, Voidarou C(C. Plant-Derived Compounds: A Promising Tool for Dental Caries Prevention. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5257-5290. [PMID: 38920987 PMCID: PMC11201632 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing shift from the use of conventional pharmaceutical oral care products to the use of herbal extracts and traditional remedies in dental caries prevention. This is attributed to the potential environmental and health implications of contemporary oral products. This comprehensive review aims at the analysis of plant-derived compounds as preventive modalities in dental caries research. It focuses on data collected from 2019 until recently, trying to emphasize current trends in this topic. The research findings suggest that several plant-derived compounds, either aqueous or ethanolic, exhibit notable antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria related to dental caries, with some extracts demonstrating an efficacy comparable to that of chlorhexidine. Furthermore, in vivo studies using plant-derived compounds incorporated in food derivatives, such as lollipops, have shown promising results by significantly reducing Streptococcus mutans in high-risk caries children. In vitro studies on plant-derived compounds have revealed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against S. mutans, suggesting their potential use as dental caries preventive agents. Medicinal plants, plant-derived phytochemicals, essential oils, and other food compounds have exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, either by their anti-adhesion activity, the inhibition of extracellular microbial enzymes, or their direct action on microbial species and acid production. However, further research is needed to assess their antimicrobial activity and to evaluate the cytotoxicity and safety profiles of these plant-derived compounds before their widespread clinical use can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tzimas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Antoniadou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
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Carneiro BT, de Castro FNAM, Benetti F, Nima G, Suzuki TYU, André CB. Flavonoids effects against bacteria associated to periodontal disease and dental caries: a scoping review. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:99-113. [PMID: 38425046 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2321965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review focused on exploring the efficacy of flavonoids against bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Inclusion criteria comprise studies investigating the antibacterial effects of flavonoids against bacteria linked to caries or periodontal diseases, both pure or diluted in vehicle forms. The search, conducted in August 2023, in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and Gray Literature. Out of the initial 1125 studies, 79 met the inclusion criteria, majority in vitro studies. Prominent flavonoids tested included epigallocatechin-gallate, apigenin, quercetin, and myricetin. Predominant findings consistently pointed to bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activities. The study primarily investigated bacteria associated with dental caries, followed by periodontopathogens. A higher number of publications presented positive antibacterial results against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to Porphyromonas gingivalis. These encouraging findings underline the potential applicability of commercially available flavonoids in materials or therapies, underscoring the need for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tavares Carneiro
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Benetti
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nima
- Departament of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thais Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bosso André
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Li Y, Bi D, Hu Z, Yang Y, Liu Y, Leung WK. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles with Applications in Oral Diseases Management. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4805. [PMID: 37445119 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery in the oral cavity poses challenges such as bacterial contamination, saliva dilution, and inactivation by salivary enzymes upon ingestion. Microneedles offer a location-specific, minimally invasive, and retentive approach. Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMs) have emerged for dental diagnostics and therapeutics. HFMs penetrate the stratum corneum, undergo swelling upon contact, secure attachment, and enable sustained transdermal or transmucosal drug delivery. Commonly employed polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are crosslinked with tartaric acid or its derivatives while incorporating therapeutic agents. Microneedle patches provide suture-free and painless drug delivery to keratinized or non-keratinized mucosa, facilitating site-specific treatment and patient compliance. This review comprehensively discusses HFMs' applications in dentistry such as local anesthesia, oral ulcer management, periodontal treatment, etc., encompassing animal experiments, clinical trials, and their fundamental impact and limitations, for example, restricted drug carrying capacity and, until now, a low number of dental clinical trial reports. The review explores the advantages and future perspectives of HFMs for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duohang Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Alkyl Gallates as Potential Antibiofilm Agents: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041751. [PMID: 36838739 PMCID: PMC9959617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, which consist of microorganisms embedded in a polymer-rich matrix, contribute to a variety of infections and increase antimicrobial resistance. Thus, there is a constant need to develop new chemotherapeutic agents to combat biofilms. This review article focuses on the use of alkyl gallates, gallic acid and its esters (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl gallate), most of which are found in plants, to inhibit biofilm formation. The studies under review reveal that alkyl gallates have the capacity to prevent biofilm development and eradicate mature biofilms through mechanisms that suppress the synthesis of the extracellular polymeric matrix, inhibit quorum-sensing signaling, and alter the microbial cell membrane. The effects are stronger the greater the length of the alkyl chain. Moreover, the alkyl gallates' preventive activity against biofilm formation occurs at doses below the minimum inhibitory concentration. More importantly, combining alkyl gallates with antimicrobials or blue-light irradiation produces a synergistic effect on the inhibition of biofilm formation that can be used to treat infections and overcome microbial resistance.
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Aragão MGB, Aires CP, Corona SAM. Effects of the green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate on S treptococcus mutans planktonic cultures and biofilms: systematic literature review of in vitro studies. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:687-695. [PMID: 36017657 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at performing a systematic review of the literature on the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on Streptococcus mutans planktonic cultures and biofilms. The selected references demonstrated that EGCG suppresses S. mutans acid production by inhibiting the activity of enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and FIF0-ATPase. Regarding virulence factors, one study reported a reduction in soluble and insoluble polysaccharide synthesis, another demonstrated that EGCG inhibited GTase activity, and another showed effects of EGCG on the expression of gtf B, C, and D. The effects of EGCG on S. mutans biofilms were reported only by 2 of the selected studies. Moreover, high variability in effective concentrations and microbial assessment methods were observed. The literature suggests that EGCG has effects against S. mutans planktonic cells viability and virulence factors. However, the literature lacks studies with appropriate biofilm models to evaluate the precise effectiveness of EGCG against S. mutans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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