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Bellini T, Bustaffa M, Tubino B, Giordano B, Formigoni C, Fueri E, Casabona F, Vanorio B, Pastorino A, Herzum A, Matucci-Cerinic C, Arrigo S, Viglizzo G, Piccotti E. Acquired and Inherited Zinc Deficiency-Related Diseases in Children: A Case Series and a Narrative Review. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:602-617. [PMID: 39189285 PMCID: PMC11348185 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a significant global health concern among children, manifesting in various acquired and inherited conditions. This comprehensive overview of acquired and inherited zinc deficiency-related diseases in children aimed to explore the clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies associated with these conditions. This case series elucidates the diverse clinical manifestations of zinc deficiency in pediatric patients, ranging from dermatitis and growth retardation to immune dysregulation and neurological abnormalities, and discusses the underlying genetic mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic interventions. The complexity of zinc deficiency-related diseases in children underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatricians, dermatologists, geneticists, and nutritionists to optimize patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bellini
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit, Emergency Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (B.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Marta Bustaffa
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit, Emergency Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (B.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Barbara Tubino
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit, Emergency Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (B.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Benedetta Giordano
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.G.); (C.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (B.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Clelia Formigoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.G.); (C.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (B.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Elena Fueri
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.G.); (C.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (B.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Casabona
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.G.); (C.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (B.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Barbara Vanorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.G.); (C.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (B.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pastorino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.G.); (C.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (B.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Astrid Herzum
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (A.H.); (G.V.)
| | - Caterina Matucci-Cerinic
- Reumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Serena Arrigo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Gianmaria Viglizzo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (A.H.); (G.V.)
| | - Emanuela Piccotti
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit, Emergency Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (B.T.); (E.P.)
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