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Frías-De-León MG, Martínez-Herrera E, Atoche-Diéguez CE, Cespón JLG, Uribe B, Arenas R, Rodríguez-Cerdeira C. Molecular identification of isolates of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:45-52. [PMID: 31929737 PMCID: PMC6945559 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.35173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex is the second most common causal agent of dermatophytosis. It comprises five species-T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, T. erinacei, T quinckeanum, and T. benhamie, as well as nine different genotypes of T. mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale-which are morphologically similar; however, their susceptibility to antifungal agents may differ. For targeted therapy and better prognosis, it is important to identify these species at a molecular level. However, since many hospitals lack molecular methods, the actual aetiology of dermatophytosis caused by this complex remains unknown. Objective: To characterize 55 anthropophilic isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex recovered from a dermatological centre in Yucatán, Mexico. Material and methods: Fifty-five isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex were obtained from patients with tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea barbae, and tinea unguium. They were characterized by their colonial and microscopic morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and through the sequencing of a fragment from the region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. Results: All colonies grown on SDA were white. Forty-six isolates formed colonies with a powdery texture, while nine isolates formed colonies with a velvety texture. The micromorphological features were typical of the T. mentagrophytes complex. The molecular analysis revealed that 55 isolates were microorganisms that belonged to the T. mentagrophytes complex, that 46 formed powdery colonies representing T. mentagrophytes, and that the other nine isolates that formed velvety colonies represented T. interdigitale. The latter nine isolates were obtained from patients with tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea unguium. Conclusions: The colony morphology on SDA led to the identification of 46 isolates as T. mentagrophytes and nine isolates as T. interdigitale. At a molecular level, the species identified by their morphology were identified only as T. mentagrophytes complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca. Ixtapaluca, Edo. Mexico.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society (EWDVS), Tui, Spain
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca. Ixtapaluca, Edo. Mexico.,Dermatology Department, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society (EWDVS), Tui, Spain
| | | | - José Luís González- Cespón
- Efficiency, quality and costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO
| | - Brianda Uribe
- Mycoloy Service, Hospital Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Efficiency, quality and costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO.,Mycoloy Service, Hospital Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico.,Dermatology Department, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society (EWDVS), Tui, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, quality and costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO.,Dermatology Department, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society (EWDVS), Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology task force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD)
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Das S, De A, Saha R, Sharma N, Khemka M, Singh S, Hesanoor Reja AH, Kumar P. The Current Indian Epidemic of Dermatophytosis: A Study on Causative Agents and Sensitivity Patterns. Indian J Dermatol 2020; 65:118-122. [PMID: 32180597 PMCID: PMC7059464 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_203_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the recent years, the frequency, severity, clinical characteristics, treatment response, and relapse rate of dermatophytosis have dramatically changed in India. Given the surge in dermatophytosis, we had undertaken a study to isolate and identify the common species causing dermatophyte infection and to know the in vitro efficacy of the common antifungals against them. Materials and Methods A total of 103 new cases that were not on any treatment for the past 3 months were included. Skin scrapings were collected for direct microscopic examination and for fungal culture in Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide slant tubes, and dermatophyte test media. Fungi were identified on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic features with the help of lactophenol cotton blue staining and urease test. Also, the drug sensitivity of the dermatophytes was tested with the common antifungals. Results Of the 55 cases (53.4%) that were positive for dermatophytes in the culture, 29 showed possible contamination. Trichophyton was the predominant organism (49 cases) with T. verrucosum being the commonest species (26 cases), followed by T. rubrum (15 patients), and T. mentagrophytes (8 cases). All species of Trichophyton were found to be most sensitive to itraconazole amongst systemic antifungals and luliconazole amongst topical antifungals. Conclusion This study concluded that the causative agent for the dermatophytosis was changing in India and in our subset, T. verrucosum caused the maximum number of infections. Itraconazole and luliconazole had the highest sensitivity amongst systemic and topical antifungals, respectively. It also showed that terbinafine had comparatively less sensitivity to most organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Das
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek De
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajdeep Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Monika Khemka
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abu Hena Hesanoor Reja
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Purushottam Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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