Multiple Cutaneous Metastases on 99mTC-HYNIC-TOC Scan in a Rare Case of Malignant Laryngeal Paraganglioma

Laryngeal paraganglioma: The analysis of misdiagnosed cases and literature review

Laryngeal paraganglioma (LP) is an exceptionally rare neuroendocrine tumor, underscoring importance of accurate identification to preclude misdiagnoses. In this review, we presented two typical misdiagnosed LPs, and offered reviews of LP cases reported over the preceding decade and all documented misdiagnosed LP cases. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the underlying causes of misdiagnosis and elucidated key points for effective differentiation. A retrospective analysis of 28 LP cases revealed a predominant occurrence in middle-aged women, with an average history of 25.1 months. Through an analysis of all misdiagnosed cases (n = 37), supraglottic LPs were frequently misidentified as laryngeal carcinomas and vascular tumors, while subglottic LPs were often misdiagnosed as thyroid cancers. And the occurrence of misdiagnosis resulted in delayed and inappropriate treatments, contributing to the deterioration of LP patients (14 cases, 37.8%). In conclusion, this review endeavored to heighten awareness of LPs, with the ultimate goal of advancing diagnostic precision and enhancing patient outcomes.

Rare Diseases of Larynx, Trachea and Thyroid

This review article covers data on rare diseases of the larynx, the trachea and the thyroid. In particular, congenital malformations, rare manifestations of inflammatory laryngeal disorders, benign and malignant epithelial as well as non-epithelial tumors, laryngeal and tracheal manifestations of general diseases and, finally, thyroid disorders are discussed. The individual chapters contain an overview of the data situation in the literature, the clinical appearance of each disorder, important key points for diagnosis and therapy and a statement on the prognosis of the disease. Finally, the authors indicate on study registers and self-help groups.