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Rafizadeh SM, Sonbolestan SA, Zeidabadinejad H, Abtahi MA. Blepharoptosis and corneal epithelial thickness alterations, is there any relation? BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:282. [PMID: 38997644 PMCID: PMC11241861 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the epithelial thickness map of ptotic eyes of blepharoptosis patients with contralateral non- ptotic eyes. METHODS Unilateral blepharoptosis patients were enrolled consecutively. Patients were underwent full ophthalmologic examination and their demographic data such as age and gender and specific ptosis findings e.g. the cause and duration, MRD-1, and levator palpebralis superioris function were registered. Anterior segment imaging for epithelial thickness measurements was done using the Avanti RTVue-XR platform. The corneal epithelial thickness maps of ptotic and non-ptotic eyes were compared. RESULTS 44 patients with unilateral blepharoptosis were included in the study. 27 (61.4%) of them were female and 17 (38.6%) cases were male. The mean of the patients' ages was 24.40 ± 15.16 years. Ptotic eyes had significantly thinner superior (p = 0.000), superior-temporal (p = 0.000) and superior-nasal (p = 0.005) sectors of the cornea and slightly thicker corneal epithelium (CE) in the inferior-nasal sector. The correlation of difference of superior-inferior CE was evaluated with different parameters including patient's age (p = 0.457), type of blepharoptosis (p = 0.786), duration of blepharoptosis (p = 0.477) and MRD1 (p = 0.248), but no correlation was found. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that lid position in blepharoptosis may have effects on the corneal epithelial thickness map. Because of the lower position of upper eyelid, a thinning effect on superior corneal sectors may happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohsen Rafizadeh
- Department of oculo-facial plastic and reconstructive Surgery, Eye Research Center, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Sonbolestan
- Department of oculo-facial plastic and reconstructive Surgery, Eye Research Center, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Haniyeh Zeidabadinejad
- Farabi Hospital, Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Abtahi
- Department of cornea and anterior segment, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abtahi MA, Beheshtnejad AH, Latifi G, Akbari-Kamrani M, Ghafarian S, Masoomi A, Sonbolastan SA, Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Atighechian M, Banan L, Nouri H, Abtahi SH. Corneal Epithelial Thickness Mapping: A Major Review. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:6674747. [PMID: 38205099 PMCID: PMC10776199 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6674747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE) is the outermost layer of the cornea with constant turnover, relative stability, remarkable plasticity, and compensatory properties to mask alterations in the underlying stroma. The advent of quantitative imaging modalities capable of producing epithelial thickness mapping (ETM) has made it possible to characterize better the different patterns of epithelial remodeling. In this comprehensive synthesis, we reviewed all available data on ETM with different methods, including very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal individuals, corneal or systemic diseases, and corneal surgical scenarios. We excluded OCT studies that manually measured the corneal epithelial thickness (CET) (e.g., by digital calipers) or the CE (e.g., by confocal scanning or handheld pachymeters). A comparison of different CET measuring technologies and devices capable of producing thickness maps is provided. Normative data on CET and the possible effects of gender, aging, diurnal changes, refraction, and intraocular pressure are discussed. We also reviewed ETM data in several corneal disorders, including keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, recurrent epithelial erosion, herpes keratitis, keratoplasty, bullous keratopathy, carcinoma in situ, pterygium, and limbal stem cell deficiency. The available data on the potential role of ETM in indicating refractive surgeries, planning the procedure, and assessing postoperative changes are reviewed. Alterations in ETM in systemic and ocular conditions such as eyelid abnormalities and dry eye disease and the effects of contact lenses, topical medications, and cataract surgery on the ETM profile are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Golshan Latifi
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Ghafarian
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Masoomi
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Laleh Banan
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hosein Nouri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Abtahi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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