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Smitha KS, Prabhu M, Veenish S. Cerebral visual impairment awareness: Is our postgraduate curriculum missing the bus? Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2310. [PMID: 37202991 PMCID: PMC10391383 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2864_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K S Smitha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhav Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Samvedya Veenish
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Oliver H, Seccurro D, Dorich J, Rice M, Schwartz T, Harpster K. "Even though a lot of kids have it, not a lot of people have knowledge of it": A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of parents of children with cerebral/cortical visual impairment. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 135:104443. [PMID: 36753819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral/Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of visual impairment in children and can negatively impact participation in daily activities. METHODS AND PROCEDURE This qualitative study used virtual focus groups and an online questionnaire to understand the perspectives of families with children who have CVI. Constant comparison analysis was used to analyze focus group transcripts and extract themes. The PEDI-CAT and an online questionnaire were administered to characterize the study population. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Four themes were identified: (1) Awareness of CVI and its effect on the child and family, (2) Parent experiences, (3) Child factors and functional implications, and (4) Supports that enhance child development/vision. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings from this study highlight the substantial impact that lack of CVI awareness had on parent experiences. Lack of awareness led to late diagnosis, missed intervention opportunities, and caregiver burden. Due to insufficient resources, parents had to educate themselves and service providers about CVI and advocate for their child's needs. Healthcare and educational providers who work with pediatric neurodevelopmental populations must be knowledgeable about clinical features of CVI, task and environmental adaptations to support vision and implementation of family-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Oliver
- Division of Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, 453 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Daria Seccurro
- University of Indianapolis, School of Occupational Therapy, 1400 East Hanna Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46227, United States
| | - Jenny Dorich
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3430 Burnet Avenue, MLC 4007, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Melissa Rice
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0527, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0527, United States
| | - Terry Schwartz
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0527, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0527, United States
| | - Karen Harpster
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3430 Burnet Avenue, MLC 4007, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
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Gorrie F, Goodall K, Rush R, Ravenscroft J. Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214290. [PMID: 30913240 PMCID: PMC6435113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world and appears to be more prevalent in children with additional support needs (ASN). There is an urgent need for routine screening for CVI, particularly in children with ASN, however, current screening questionnaires for CVI have limited validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate two screening tools: the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire. Additionally, the distribution of CVI across neurodevelopmental disorders is unknown. This too was investigated. METHODS An online survey was completed by 535 parents. The survey was advertised via social media, CVI websites and parent email systems of four schools. The survey comprised of the Five Questions, the CVI Questionnaire and additional questions regarding the child's diagnoses. Whether or not a child had a diagnosis of CVI and/or additional neurodevelopmental disorders was based on parental report. RESULTS Based on parent reports, both the screening tools accurately screened for CVI diagnoses in children. The Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire have construct validity (as determined through factor analysis), high internal consistency (as determined by Cronbach's alpha) and convergent validity (as determined by correlation analysis of the raw scores of each questionnaire). This study also highlights that among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, a large proportion have parent-reported CVI (23%-39%) and potential CVI (6.59-22.53%; as identified by the questionnaires). CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that the Five Questions and CVI Questionnaire have good convergent validity, internal consistency and a reliable factor structure and may therefore be suitable as screening tools. The study also highlights that reported or potential CVI is evident in a large proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gorrie
- School of Health in Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Karen Goodall
- School of Health in Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Dietetics, Nutrition & Biological Sciences, Physiotherapy, Podiatry & Radiography, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - John Ravenscroft
- The Scottish Sensory Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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