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JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in Non-Infectious Uveitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115236. [PMID: 36041544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) refers to various intraocular inflammatory disorders responsible for severe visual loss. Cytokines participate in the regulation of ocular homeostasis and NIU pathological processes. Cytokine receptors transmit signals by activating Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Increasing evidence from human NIU and experimental models reveals the involvement of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in NIU pathogenesis. Several small-molecule drugs that potentially inhibit multiple cytokine-dependent pathways are under investigation for treating autoimmune diseases, implicating possible applications for NIU treatment. This review summarizes the current understanding of the diverse roles of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in ocular homeostasis and NIU pathology, providing a rationale for targeting JAKs and STATs for NIU treatment. Moreover, available evidence for the safety and efficacy of JAK inhibitors for refractory uveitis and potential approaches for treatment optimization are discussed.
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Álvarez-Reguera C, Prieto-Peña D, Herrero-Morant A, Sánchez-Bilbao L, Martín-Varillas JL, González-López E, Gutiérrez-Larrañaga M, San Segundo D, Demetrio-Pablo R, Ocejo-Vinyals G, González-Gay MA, Blanco R. Clinical and immunological study of Tofacitinib and Baricitinib in refractory Blau syndrome: case report and literature review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221093211. [PMID: 35510170 PMCID: PMC9058350 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221093211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blau syndrome (BS) is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomatous dermatitis, arthritis, and uveitis. We present a case of refractory and severe BS that was treated with the Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKINIBS), Tofacitinib (TOFA) and then Baricitinib (BARI). Our aim was to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes after treatment with JAKINIBS. Blood tests and serum samples were obtained during follow-up with TOFA and BARI. We assessed their effects on clinical outcomes, acute phase reactants, absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs), lymphocyte subset counts, immunoglobulins, and cytokine levels. A review of the literature on the use of JAKINIBS for the treatment of uveitis and sarcoidosis was also conducted. TOFA led to a rapid and maintained disease control and a steroid-sparing effect. A decrease from baseline was observed in ALC, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer (NK) cell counts. B-cells were stable. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased, whereas IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 maintained stable. TOFA was discontinued after 19 months due to significant lymphopenia. The initiation of BARI allowed maintaining adequate control of disease activity with an adequate safety profile. The literature review showed seven patients with uveitis and five with sarcoidosis treated with JAKINIBS. No cases of BS treated with JAKINIBS were found. We report the successful use of JAKINIBS in a patient with refractory and severe BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Álvarez-Reguera
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Diana Prieto-Peña
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Herrero-Morant
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Lara Sánchez-Bilbao
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Elena González-López
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - David San Segundo
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Rosalía Demetrio-Pablo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel A. González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avda. Valdecilla s/n., Santander ES-39008, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avda. Valdecilla s/n., Santander ES-39008, Spain
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Kaneko Y, Murakami T, Nishitsuka K, Takakubo Y, Takagi M, Yamashita H. Effectiveness of Baricitinib in Refractory Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis and Uveitis: A Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:764067. [PMID: 35096866 PMCID: PMC8795080 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.764067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and blocks the subtypes JAK1 and JAK2. A 35-year-old man with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis complicated by bilateral severe non-granulomatous panuveitis was resistant to steroid treatment, multiple conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (methotrexate and salazosulfapyridine), and TNF-α inhibitors (adalimumab and infliximab). Therefore, the TNF-α inhibitors were switched to baricitinib to decrease the activity of systemic arthritis. Along with the amelioration of inflammatory activity in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, the inflammatory activity of uveitis was decreased. Vitreous opacity, serous retinal detachment, and anterior chamber cells showed improvement. Baricitinib was effective not only in refractory systemic arthritis but also in uveitis, which may provide a new treatment option for patients with refractory uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanori Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishitsuka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuya Takakubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamashita
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Yamagata City Healthcare Center, Yamagata, Japan
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Ramesh P, Ramesh S, Devadas A, Ray P, Balamurugan A, Bavaharan B, Balasubramaniam P. Gleaming in the gloom—A striking bilateral multimodal imaging canvas of vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome in a patient with poor adherence to therapy. TNOA JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMIC SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_47_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Moreker M. Commentary: Janus kinase inhibitors and their use in autoimmune ocular inflammatory disorders. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:1939-1940. [PMID: 32823422 PMCID: PMC7690464 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1656_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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