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Yang Y, Yang M, Su X, Xie F. Efficacy of combination therapy of vitamin D and bisphosphonates in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1422062. [PMID: 39640483 PMCID: PMC11617160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1422062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective There is currently no consensus on whether the combination therapy of Vitamin D (VitD) and bisphosphonates offers superior efficacy compared to monotherapy in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of recent relevant research to synthesize the available evidence and further investigate whether the combined use of VitD and bisphosphonates is superior to monotherapy in treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Methods and results We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of monotherapy with VitD or bisphosphonates versus their combination therapy in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, up to 1 February 2024. The articles were independently screened and relevant data were extracted by two investigators. The changes in mean values and percentage changes for bone resorption markers, bone formation markers, bone mineral density, and bone mineral metabolism markers were expressed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was quantitatively described using the I2 test. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses were performed for data with significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of monotherapy used, and potential publication bias was assessed. The analysis revealed that the combination of VitD and bisphosphonates demonstrated a more pronounced effect in increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD), and serum calcium (sCa) levels, as well as in decreasing levels of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (sBALP), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (sCTX), and urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (UriNTX) compared to the monotherapy group. However, the combination of VitD and bisphosphonates did not show a significant advantage over monotherapy in terms of improving osteocalcin levels. The differences in the mean changes in osteocalcin, UriNTX, and sCa, as well as the percentage changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion The meta-analysis suggests that compared to monotherapy, the combination therapy of VitD and bisphosphonates exhibits a more favorable effect on bone mineral density and bone calcium metabolism-related markers in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/PROSPERO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanyi Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Feibin Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Zhou X, Deng J, Wang H, Liu Q. Biomacromolecules-based nanoparticle formulations for the treatment of osteoporosis: A bibliometric analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136483. [PMID: 39442830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
This bibliometric analysis examined biomacromolecule-based nanoparticle formulations, emphasizing polysaccharides, for osteoporosis treatments from 2009 to 2024. Using the Web of Science database, we tracked around 141 publications, of which 117 were original research articles. This shows an emerging trend in biomacromolecule-based nanoparticle formulations based on the total number of publications. On further analysis, we found 61 original articles that focused on polysaccharides-based nanoparticles for drug delivery. This study also identified 'pharmacology and pharmacy,' 'materials science, biomaterials, and 'nanoscience and nanotechnology' as the primary research areas, emphasizing the field's interdisciplinary nature. The 'Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology' emerged as a significant journal for this research theme. Notable contributions came from the Egyptian Knowledge Bank and funding organizations like the National Natural Science Foundation of China. China, India, and Egypt are the top three research-productive countries in this field. This novel study underscores a dynamic, globally collaborative effort to advance polysaccharide-based nanoparticle applications in osteoporosis treatment. Based on the current publications, it also highlights challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Jiewen Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning 110000, China.
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Chen Z, Shao J, Yang Y, Wang G, Xiong Z, Song X, Ai L, Xia Y, Zhu B. Evaluation of Functional Components of Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 on Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Mice And RAW264.7 Cells. Foods 2024; 13:3115. [PMID: 39410150 PMCID: PMC11476097 DOI: 10.3390/foods13193115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by abnormal bone metabolism, where bone resorption outpaces bone formation. In this study, we investigated the key functional components of Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 in mitigating ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in mice. The results indicated that both Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 and its fermentation broth significantly reduced urinary calcium and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) levels in the mice. These interventions inhibited bone resorption and improved trabecular bone architecture by modulating the nuclear factor κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway. Additionally, the L. plantarum AR495 and fermentation broth groups inhibited the RANKL/TRAF-6 and TLR4/MYD88 pathways, leading to enhanced bone metabolism, improved intestinal barrier function, and reduced intestinal inflammation. In vitro experiments revealed that AR495 fermentation supernatant fractions larger than 100 kDa and those between 50-100 kDa significantly decreased the activity of the osteoclast marker TRAP, regulated the expression of the TLR4/MYD88 pathway, and inhibited osteoclast formation, thereby alleviating the OVX-induced osteoporosis phenotype. These findings suggest that these components may be primary functional elements of L. plantarum AR495 in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
| | - Junlin Shao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.S.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Yijin Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.S.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.S.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.S.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Xin Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.S.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.S.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Yongjun Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.S.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
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Kulkarni RS, Kulkarni SR, Kulkarni RA, Kulkarni RR. Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Deserve a Role in Accelerating the Recovery of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Following Distal Radius Fracture? Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:914-921. [PMID: 38948381 PMCID: PMC11208391 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-024-01171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study was to evaluate the efficacy of multiple platelet-rich plasma injections in reflex sympathetic dystrophy following distal radius fracture after previous various treatments have failed. Materials and methods This comparative prospective study was designed for 64 patients of reflex sympathetic dystrophy developed following distal radius fracture, from January 2009 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. This cohort of patient was given either four multiple subcutaneous platelet-rich plasma injections at weekly interval (n = 32) or two injections in a month with 15 days interval (n = 32). The primary outcome measure assessed with patient rated wrist evaluation questionnaire score. The secondary outcome was a visual analogue scale pain score. The final follow up was at 2 years. p ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically. Results The patient rated wrist evaluation score for usual and specific activities and EQ-VAS for pain level showed statistically significant greater improvement in group A (42 ± 21%) compared to group B (19 ± 24%), (p = 0.37). Patients also had improvement in wrist movements with no statistically significant differences in both groups. The standard difference in means of all three functional scores was almost similar between both groups A and B (standard difference in means = 0.032; 95% CI 0.236-0.830; p = 0.495), considered clinically meaningful. Conclusion This study results suggest autologous platelet-rich plasma injections seem to be safe, cost effective, efficacious algorithm treatment for reflex sympathetic dystrophy following distal radius fracture patients where previous treatments have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S. Kulkarni
- Government Hospital Devgad, Kudal Sindhudurg, India
- District Hospital, Oros Sindhudurg, India
- Present Address: SSPM Medical College and Lifetime Hospital Campus, Padve Sindhudurg, 415634 Maharashtra India
| | - SriRam R. Kulkarni
- Government Medical College and District Hospital, Oros Sindhudurg, India
- Present Address: Department of Orthopaedics, ACPM Medical College and Hospital, Dhule Sindhudurg, India
| | - Rachana A. Kulkarni
- District Hospital, Oros Sindhudurg, 416812 India
- Present Address: Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgavi, India
| | - Ranjani R. Kulkarni
- ECHS, Government Polyclinic, Oros Sindhudurg, 416812 India
- Present Address: Department of Physiology, CDSIMER Medical College, Dayanand Sagar University, Bangalore, India
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5
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Zheng D, Cui C, Ye C, Shao C, Zha X, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang C. Coenzyme Q10 prevents RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13474. [PMID: 38716985 PMCID: PMC11085036 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant that is implicated in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, but the underlying mechanism has not been determined. We explored the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. RAW264.7 cells received receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and CoQ10, after which the differentiation and viability of osteoclasts were assessed. After the cells were treated with CoQ10 and/or H2O2 and RANKL, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways and autophagy were tested. Moreover, after the cells were pretreated with or without inhibitors of the two pathways or with the mitophagy agonist, the levels of autophagy-related proteins and osteoclast markers were measured. CoQ10 significantly decreased the number of TRAP-positive cells and the level of ROS but had no significant impact on cell viability. The relative phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, ERK, and p38 were significantly reduced, but the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly augmented. Moreover, the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly increased by the inhibitors and mitophagy agonist, while the levels of osteoclast markers showed the opposite results. Our data showed that CoQ10 prevented RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delu Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenli Cui
- The Operative Surgery Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University,
Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiujing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Bengbu
University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard
Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Can Wang
- Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Konarski W, Poboży T, Kotela A, Śliwczyński A, Kotela I, Hordowicz M, Krakowiak J. Does Diabetes Mellitus Increase the Risk of Avascular Osteonecrosis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15219. [PMID: 36429946 PMCID: PMC9690760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Avascular osteonecrosis (AVN) is caused by the disrupted blood supply to the bone. Most AVN cases occur in the femoral head, but other sites might be affected as well, including the jaw or distal bones of the extremities. Previous studies suggested that diabetes could increase the risk of AVN of the jaw, but the relationship between diabetes and AVN in other bone sites is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence from studies that had reported on the occurrence of AVN in sites other than the jaw, depending on the diagnosis of diabetes. Overall, we included 6 observational studies carried out in different populations: primary or secondary AVN of the femoral head, Takayasu arteritis, general population, kidney transplant recipients, systemic lupus erythematosus, and primary brain tumors. A random-effects meta-analysis showed that the risk of AVN in sites other than the jaw was non-significantly increased in patients with diabetes (odds ratio: 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.93-3.91). The pooled estimate increased and was significant after the exclusion of one study (2.46, 1.14-5.32). There was a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 65%, tau2 = 0.48, p = 0.01; prediction interval, 0.21-16.84). There was no significant publication bias (p = 0.432). In conclusion, diabetes could increase the risk of AVN in sites other than the jaw, but the available evidence is limited. There is a need for large, well-designed, population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Konarski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ciechanów Hospital, 06-400 Ciechanów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Poboży
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ciechanów Hospital, 06-400 Ciechanów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kotela
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Śliwczyński
- Social Medicine Institute, (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine), Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kotela
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Central Research Hospital of Ministry of Interior, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Hordowicz
- General Psychiatry Unit III, Dr. Barbara Borzym’s Independent Public Regional Psychiatric Health Care Center, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Jan Krakowiak
- Social Medicine Institute, (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine), Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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Valera Ribera C, Martinez-Ferrer À, Flores Fernández E, Vázquez Gómez I, Orenes Vera A, Valls Pascual E, Ybáñez García D, Alegre Sancho JJ. Snyder-Robinson syndrome: differential diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1177-1180. [PMID: 34741636 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder, caused by mutations of the spermine synthase gene. We report a novel case of Snyder-Robinson syndrome, caused by a de novo mutation and first misdiagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. Clinical features, course, and genetic analysis are presented. The patient was treated with bisphosphonates for a decade, until developing an atypical femoral fracture. Teriparatide was then administered for 2 years and then changed to denosumab every 6 months, improving his bone density mass and preventing further fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Valera Ribera
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - À Martinez-Ferrer
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Flores Fernández
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Vázquez Gómez
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Orenes Vera
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Valls Pascual
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Ybáñez García
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - J J Alegre Sancho
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Gau YC, Yeh TJ, Hsu CM, Hsiao SY, Hsiao HH. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Myeloma-Related Bone Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063112. [PMID: 35328533 PMCID: PMC8951013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cells that causes bone-destructive lesions and associated skeletal-related events (SREs). The pathogenesis of myeloma-related bone disease (MBD) is the imbalance of the bone-remodeling process, which results from osteoclast activation, osteoblast suppression, and the immunosuppressed bone marrow microenvironment. Many important signaling cascades, including the RANKL/RANK/OPG axis, Notch signaling, the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways, and signaling molecules, such as DKK-1, sclerostin, osteopontin, activin A, chemokines, and interleukins are involved and play critical roles in MBD. Currently, bisphosphonate and denosumab are the gold standard for MBD prevention and treatment. As the molecular mechanisms of MBD become increasingly well understood, novel agents are being thoroughly explored in both preclinical and clinical settings. Herein, we will provide an updated overview of the pathogenesis of MBD, summarize the clinical management and guidelines, and discuss novel bone-modifying therapies for further management of MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Ching Gau
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.G.); (T.-J.Y.); (C.-M.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jang Yeh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.G.); (T.-J.Y.); (C.-M.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Mu Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.G.); (T.-J.Y.); (C.-M.H.)
| | - Samuel Yien Hsiao
- Department of Biology, University of Rutgers-Camden, Camden, NJ 08102, USA;
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.G.); (T.-J.Y.); (C.-M.H.)
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +816-7-3162429
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Samal S, Dash P, Dash M. Drug Delivery to the Bone Microenvironment Mediated by Exosomes: An Axiom or Enigma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3509-3540. [PMID: 34045855 PMCID: PMC8149288 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s307843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of bone-related disorders is causing a burden on the clinical scenario. Even though bone is one of the tissues that possess tremendous regenerative potential, certain bone anomalies need therapeutic intervention through appropriate delivery of a drug. Among several nanosystems and biologics that offer the potential to contribute towards bone healing, the exosomes from the class of extracellular vesicles are outstanding. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles that, apart from the various advantages, are standing out of the crowd for their ability to conduct cellular communication. The internal cargo of the exosomes is leading to its potential use in therapeutics. Exosomes are being unraveled in terms of the mechanism as well as application in targeting various diseases and tissues. Through this review, we have tried to understand and review all that is already established and the gap areas that still exist in utilizing them as drug delivery vehicles targeting the bone. The review highlights the potential of the exosomes towards their contribution to the drug delivery scenario in the bone microenvironment. A comparison of the pros and cons of exosomes with other prevalent drug delivery systems is also done. A section on the patents that have been generated so far from this field is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Samal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Pratigyan Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Mamoni Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
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