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Gürhan C, Saruhan E. Pulp stones: any relevance with the levels of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and uric acid. Restor Dent Endod 2024; 49:e17. [PMID: 38841388 PMCID: PMC11148410 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the effect of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and uric acid levels on pulp stone formation. Materials and Methods Patients who were admitted to the Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology for dental complaints were registered. Among these patients, individuals who had routine biochemical tests at the same period in the Outpatient Clinics of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. The patients with at least 1 pulp stone on panoramic radiographs recorded as the "pulp stone group" while patients without any pulp stones were the "control group". Demographic data and serum levels of calcium, PTH, vitamin D, and uric acid were retrospectively evaluated in both groups. Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between the groups. Results Among 151 patients, dental pulp stone was detected in 53.6% of patients, and 82.7% of these patients were female. Female sex and pulp stone formation were significantly associated (p = 0.001). The mean age of the pulp stone group was 43.9, while it was 39.9 in the control group, without any significant correlation between age and pulp stone (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in serum levels of PTH, vitamin D, uric acid and calcium between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions According to the present study, the effect of dental factors rather than systemic factors should be considered primarily in pulp stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Gürhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ercan Saruhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Parashar SR, Kasabwala K, Ulaganathan S, MCV A, Khandelwal P, Arockiam S, Natanasabapathy V. ASSOCIATION OF PULP CALCIFICATIONS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Madhoon HW, Al-Kafarna M, Asla MM, Gbreel MI, Abd Allah MA, Almotairy N. The association of dental pulp stones to cardiovascular and renal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 2022; 48:845-854. [PMID: 35447295 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulp stone (PS) is a dystrophic calcification in the tooth's pulp chamber and was suggested in the literature to be associated with other calcifications in the body. This study aimed to investigate the association of PS to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and renal stones (RS). METHODS Three databases were searched until June 2021 in addition to manual searching of Google Scholar and grey literature. Original studies were only included and critically appraised using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The odds ratio (OR) effect measure was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel statistical test (95% confidence interval [CI]) to investigate the association of PS with CVD and or RS (p-value ˂ 0.05). RESULTS The database search identified 4933 studies, and 19 studies were finally included. The risk of bias was low in thirteen studies, moderate in four studies, and high in two studies. The meta-analysis of the moderate-and-low risk of bias studies revealed a significant association between PS and CVD (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.91-5.89, P < 0.001, I2 = 65%), but no association was found between PS and RS. The results also revealed an association between PS and CVD in patients older than 40 (OR 8.78, 95% CI 3.64-21.17, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS The current study results showed an association between PS and CVD, but no association was found between PS and RS. PS in patients younger than 40 years, compared to older patients (> 40 years), was associated with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Madhoon
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University - Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
| | - M Al-Kafarna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University - Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - M M Asla
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - M I Gbreel
- Faculty of Medicine, 6-October University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - M A Abd Allah
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - N Almotairy
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim, University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Chen G, Huang LG, Yeh PC. Detecting calcified pulp stones in patients with periodontal diseases using digital panoramic and periapical radiographies. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:965-972. [PMID: 35756760 PMCID: PMC9201651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Pulp stones are discrete calcified masses appearing in the dental pulp of healthy, disease and unerupted teeth. They are presented freely within the pulp tissue or attached and embedded in any part of coronal and radicular dentin. Here, the purposes of this study were to identify the presence of pulp stones in periodontal patients using digital panoramic and periapical radiographies, and to determine the association with gender, age, tooth type and dental arch. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study on selected records of 465 dental samples obtained between January and December, 2020. Data were collected from patients diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis and accepted the full periodontal treatment covered by the Government's Periodontal Health Care Program. Their digital panoramic (DPR) examination and full mouth periapical radiographic (DPA) examination (including 12 periapical and 4 bitewing images) were performed at the Outpatient Clinics of the Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital. Patients were segregated into various groups according to their age, gender and tooth locations. All radiographic images were examined by a dental radiologist and two dentists to identify the presence of pulp stone calcifications and their associated factors using the Sirona applications software. Records were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 based on tests of Pearson Chi-square and McNemar correlation. Results From 271 males and 194 females, a total of 465 DPR and 7440 DPA radiographs were studied. Pulp stone calcifications were identified in 270 (58.0%) subjects in DPR images and 348 (74.8%) subjects in DPA images (for 1 or more teeth per subject). We detected calcified opacities in 1031 teeth with DPR images and in 1326 teeth with DPA images from a total of 12,407 teeth. The incidence of pulp stones was similar across genders, but different in tooth locations and dental arch sextant. Moreover, pulp stones were detected more often on maxillary molars and subjects of old ages (>40 years). Digital panoramic and periapical radiography showed significant differences in the detection of pulp stone calcifications (P < 0.05), and detected better with digital periapical radiography examination. Conclusion We found 58.0% (n = 645) of our patients with pulp stones using digital panoramic radiography, and 74.8% using digital periapical radiography. Regarding individual teeth, only 8.5% of pulp stones were observed in digital panoramic radiography and 10.6% in digital periapical radiography. Pulp stones were more often seen in maxillary molar teeth and old patients of ages >40 years old using periapical radiography examination especially in those patients with periodontally condition. As a two-dimensional imaging system, digital periapical radiography is recommended for a definitive and routine assessment in patients suspected of hard tissue abnormality and pulp calcification formation.
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Nicklisch N, Schierz O, Enzmann F, Knipper C, Held P, Vach W, Dresely V, Meller H, Friederich S, Alt KW. Dental pulp calcifications in prehistoric and historical skeletal remains. Ann Anat 2021; 235:151675. [PMID: 33515689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hard tissue formations in the dental pulp varies considerably. Beside ageing processes and irritations of the dental pulp, etiological associations with cardiovascular disease and dietary habits have been discussed, which are of particular research interest. The aim of this pilot study is to provide new insights on structural and etiological factors involved in the development of pulp calcifications by investigating skeletal remains from different (pre)historic periods. METHODS The jaws of 46 skeletons excavated in central Germany, were examined for the presence of pulp stones using digital volume tomography (DVT). A total of 1122 teeth were examined with all tooth types considered. To obtain information about the three-dimensional structure of pulp calcifications, micro-CT images were taken. Thin sections of three molars were histologically analysed. Potential dietary effects were studied by analysing stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) in bone samples collected from each individual. RESULTS The analysis indicates that pulp stones affect molars in particular and increase slightly with age and dental wear. The micro-CT scans and the histological analysis show that the structures are much more complex than presumed on the basis of DVT imaging. Individuals with lower δ15N-isotope values and thus with a potentially lower proportion of animal protein in their diet appear to be less affected by pulp stones. CONCLUSION When comparing between archaeological and recent data, DVT analysis provides qualitatively comparable results. Micro-CT and histological images illustrate the excellent preservation of pulp calcifications and their complex structure. Differences in prevalence rates and δ15N-isotope values of Neolithic and historical individuals support the assumption that dietary habits and living conditions could have an influence on the development of pulp calcifications. Due to the small sample size these results require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nicklisch
- Danube Private University, Förthofstraße 2, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria.
| | - Oliver Schierz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Materials Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Frieder Enzmann
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Corina Knipper
- Curt Engelhorn Centre Archaeometry gGmbH, D6, 3, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Petra Held
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Werner Vach
- Institute of Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Veit Dresely
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, 06114 Halle [Saale], Germany.
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, 06114 Halle [Saale], Germany.
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, 06114 Halle [Saale], Germany.
| | - Kurt W Alt
- Danube Private University, Förthofstraße 2, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria; Institute of Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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Gabardo MCL, Kublitski PMDO, Sette IR, Lauschner T, Juglair MM, Baratto-Filho F, Brancher JA, Michel-Crosato E. Sialometric and Sialochemical Analysis in Individuals With Pulp Stones. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:403. [PMID: 32596238 PMCID: PMC7303886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the saliva of patients with pulp stones, with sialometric and sialochemical tests. Eighty individuals, aged between18 and 65 years, of both sexes, were investigated. Patients were included in the pulp stone group when radiographic examination was suggestive of pulp stones in at least one permanent tooth, whereas those without this alteration were considered controls. Saliva was collected by stimulation, followed by salivary flowrate (SFR) and pH analysis tests. The organic components, such as urea (URE), glucose (GLU), total proteins (TPTs), alkaline phosphatase, creatinine (CRE), salivary amylase (SAM), and uric acid (URA), and the inorganic components, such as calcium, iron, and phosphorus, were evaluated by colorimetric techniques in an ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer. Differences among pulp stones and control groups were compared using Student’s t-test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. In both groups prevailed the female. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed for pH (p = 0.027), SFR (p = 0.002), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.008), and URA (p = 0.005). None of the inorganic components showed significant difference (p > 0.05). In the analyses stratified by sex, difference between groups was observed for pH (p = 0.007) and URA (p = 0.003) in women. In conclusion, sialometric and sialochemical alterations occurred in patients with pulp stones, with significantly higher levels of pH, SFR, alkaline phosphatase, and URA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thaís Lauschner
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
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