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Widaty S, Oktarina C, Suling PL, Niode NJ, Miranda E, Andriani A, Amin S, Yenny SW, Bramono K. Mucocutaneous mycoses in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Indonesia. Mycoses 2021; 65:323-330. [PMID: 34902221 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, integrated care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) has improved. However, although the management of mucocutaneous mycosis cases has improved, disease progression might be different in immunocompromised patients, which leads to variable clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics of mucocutaneous mycosis cases in the PLHIV population and its associated factors in Indonesia. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 in four academic hospitals. Data were acquired from medical records with the inclusion of mucocutaneous mycosis patients with concurrent HIV infection. Analysis with the chi-squared test was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS A total of 1,796 cases of mucocutaneous mycoses were identified in 1782 PLHIV. The most common types of infection were candidiasis (63%), followed by dermatophytosis (35.1%), and malasseziosis (1.9%), which were significantly higher in PLHIV with CD4 level <200 cells/mm3 . The proportions of male gender (78.6% vs. 56.3%, p < .001), high level of education (48.0% vs. 64.1%, p < .001), office workers (73.8% vs. 64.1%, p < .001), combination of topical and systemic antifungal agents (59.1% vs. 48.5%, p = .006) and not receiving antiretroviral therapy (63.2% vs. 7.8%, p < .001) were significantly higher in PLHIV with a CD4 level <200 cells/mm3 . CONCLUSION In Indonesia, the most common fungal infection in PLHIV is candidiasis. This study also addressed the important matters regarding mucocutaneous mycoses in PLHIV. Education is an important measure to prevent the incidence of cutaneous mycoses in PLHIV, especially in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Widaty
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Caroline Oktarina
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pieter Levinus Suling
- Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Samratulangi - Prof. Dr. Kandou General Hospital, R. W. Monginsidi (Malalayang), Manado, Indonesia
| | - Nurdjannah Jane Niode
- Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Samratulangi - Prof. Dr. Kandou General Hospital, R. W. Monginsidi (Malalayang), Manado, Indonesia
| | - Eliza Miranda
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anni Andriani
- Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University - dr. Wahidin Sudirohuosodo General Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Safruddin Amin
- Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University - dr. Wahidin Sudirohuosodo General Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Satya Widya Yenny
- Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University - M. Djamil General Hospital, Perintis Kemerdekaan, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Kusmarinah Bramono
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Indonesian Dermatomycosis Study Group - Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sharma B, Nonzom S. Superficial mycoses, a matter of concern: Global and Indian scenario-an updated analysis. Mycoses 2021; 64:890-908. [PMID: 33665915 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Superficial mycoses of skin, nails and hair are among the common fungal infections. They are caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte moulds, yeasts and yeast-like fungi. Such fungal infections are widespread all over the world and are predominant in tropical as well as subtropical regions. Environmental factors, such as warm, humid and pitiable hygienic conditions, are conducive for their growth and proliferation. Although it does not cause mortality, it is known to be associated with excessive morbidity which may be psychological or physical. This affects the quality of life of the infected individuals which leads to a negative impact on their occupational, emotional and social status. Such infections are increasing on a global scale and, therefore, are of serious concern worldwide. This review article covers the global and Indian scenario of superficial mycoses taking into account the historical background, aetiological agents, prevalence, cultural and environmental factors, risk factors, pathogenesis and hygienic practices for the prevention of superficial mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Araya S, Abuye M, Negesso AE. Epidemiological Characterization of Dermatomycosis in Ethiopia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:83-89. [PMID: 33519223 PMCID: PMC7837531 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s292286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Superficial mycosis is common worldwide and their epidemiological characteristics are different in different geographical areas and have shown variations in the last decades. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize the epidemiology of dermatomycosis and their causative fungi species in Ethiopia between 2015 and 2019. Methods A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the data of mycological examination and culture findings from all patients who visited the Dermatology Department of Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The direct wet mount microscopy and culture data of the isolates were collected from the database of the dermatology unit from 2015 to 2019 after permission was obtained from the laboratory head. The data were double-entered into Microsoft Excel, exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results The total prevalence of fungi causing dermatomycosis was 67.7% (760/1122 cases) using direct wet mount microscopy and from these 489/1122 (43.5%) were culture positive. Dermatomycosis was found to be higher among females 694/1122 (61.9%) than male participants. Age group 25–44 years was the most affected 442/1122 (39.4%) followed by 1–14 years old 291/1122 (25.94%). Tinea unguium (50.8%) is the most common type of dermatomycosis followed by tinea capitis (24.1%) and tinea corporis (13.9%). Trichophyton spp. (32%) was the most highly distributed causative agent, followed by Epidermophyton spp. (20.2%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (8.3%). Conclusion The retrospective analysis of epidemiological data collected at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory since 2015 showed a gradual increase in the frequency of tinea unguium and tinea pedis. However, during the past years, there was a gradual decline in the frequency of tinea corporis. In parallel with this variable pattern, the rate of isolation of non-dermatophytes especially Aspergillus fumigates and Candida species has shown a gradual increment during the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambel Araya
- Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Million Abuye
- Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Edao Negesso
- Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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