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Hoque A, Tanbi TA, Saha N, Howlader S, Sarker N, Chowdhury AI, Bandyopadhyay A, Islam S, Bakar MA, Alam NE, Chakraborty AK, Ganguli S. Assessing Trace Metal-Based Human Health Risks for Commonly Used Body Soaps in Bangladesh. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-04023-1. [PMID: 38117384 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In Bangladesh, body soaps are very popular among consumers due to their flavors and low alkali content. The current study assesses the contamination of several trace metals (TMs) such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in some of the body soaps most commonly used in Bangladesh. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Mn were found within the acceptable limits stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, in contrast, the concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb remained below the detection limit. Notably, the concentration of Cr in two soap samples (S-2, S-3) out of twenty-one soap samples exceeded the permissible limit stipulated by the WHO. Health risks associated with the TM intake via dermal routes were evaluated in terms of chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated that no non-carcinogenic risks (NCR) are likely to occur owing to the use of those body soaps. The carcinogenic risk (CR) estimated for Cr revealed no possibility of probable carcinogenic diseases. Though the NCR and CR are unlikely to occur resulting from the long-term uses of these soaps, the present study provides baseline information on the possible contaminations of TMs in the beauty soaps that do not seem to have been reported so far in Bangladesh. In light of the above information, it can be concluded that the presence of TMs in the body soaps could be a warning for people in general thereby suggesting continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Hoque
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Taznova Anwar Tanbi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Nakshi Saha
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Sabbir Howlader
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Nobonita Sarker
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Aminul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Amitava Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Chattagram Laboratories, Chattagram, 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Nur E Alam
- Atomic Energy Center, Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ashok Kumar Chakraborty
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Ganguli
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory (BRL), Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
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Li Y, Shu X, Huo W, Wang X. Promoting public skin health through a national continuing medical education project on cosmetic and dermatologic sciences: a 15-year experience. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1273950. [PMID: 38035281 PMCID: PMC10687160 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1273950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The developments in cosmetic sciences and technologies have generated a gap between the cosmetics and their users. Users including regular customers, clinicians, industry personnel, researchers, testing agencies, beauty salon workers, and mass media hardly possess the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. The gap remained as one major reason for inappropriate cosmetics usage, insufficient efficacy, and even cosmetics adverse reactions (CARs). Methods Aiming at enhancing the relevant practitioners' cosmetic and dermatologic sciences, we launched a cosmetic and dermatologic sciences continuing medical education (CME) since 2008. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the CME. We summarized and analyzed the project for the last 15 years. Meanwhile, an online survey consisted of three parts was performed to evaluate the CME and to collect the trainees' comments. Results A total of 3,923 trainees have participated in the CME project from 2008 to 2022. The trainees included clinicians, industry staffs, biomedical researchers, third-party cosmetics testing staffs, beauty salon staffs, students, and media staffs. The trainees had theory courses on cosmetic and dermatologic sciences, cosmetics DIY practice & video watching, and an optional guided tour during the 4.5-day CME. Eight hundred and twenty-three trainees and 586 control subjects responded to the online survey. The comprehensive test in the second part of the survey demonstrated that compared with the control group, the CME project significantly enhanced the trainees' perception and knowledge regarding the cosmetics formula sciences, basic dermatologic sciences, cosmetics usage, noninvasive measurements, new advances, CARs, and laws (p = 0.000). Trainees of all occupations ranked "basic dermatologic sciences and skin diseases" as the most significant sections. Trainees of all occupations believed the CME has contributed most in "understand the function & efficacy of cosmetics." We noticed the occupational variances. Over 97% of trainees were willing to recommend the CME to the others. Conclusion The CME project significantly enhanced the trainees' cosmetic and dermatologic sciences, which bridged the gap between cosmetics and public skin health. This multidisciplinary CME also contributed to establishing an interdisciplinary interaction and cooperation platform for the multiple occupations involved in the public skin health maintenance and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huo
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Santana CM, de Sousa TL, Latif ALO, Lobo LS, da Silva GR, Magalhães HIF, Lopes MV, de Jesus Benevides CM, Araujo RGO, Dos Santos DCMB, de Freitas Santos Júnior A. Multielement determination (essential and potentially toxic elements) in eye shadows exposed to consumption in Brazil using ICP OES. Biometals 2022; 35:1281-1297. [PMID: 36255608 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, cosmetics (especially eye shadows) are widely consumed and have a great impact on the economy. The aim of this study was to determine the multielement composition, focusing on essential and potentially toxic elements, in cosmetics (eye shadow) exposed to consumption in Brazil. Concentrations of 17 elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were determined in samples (produced in China and Brazil) using a sequential optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) after acid digestion, assisted by a closed digester block (6 mL of HNO3 + 2 mL of H2O2 + 1 mL of Triton ×-100 + 1 mL of ultrapure water). The method was validated by linearity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ). The elements were quantified (in µg g-1): Al (852-21,900), Ba (3.47-104), Cd (1.70-6.93), Cr (< 8.53-66.6), Cu (< 0.480-14.5), Mn (92.20-1,190), Ni (< 4.23-40.7), Pb (< 2.16-5.06), Sb (1.10-10.5), Sr (0.760-46.0), Ti (32.0-440), V (< 0.85-1.7) and Zn (24.90-2,600). As, Co, Mo and Se in all the investigated samples were found to be below the LoQ values of ICP OES. In this study, regardless of sample compositions and origins (Brazilian or Chinese), high levels of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V and Zn were observed, exceeding the recommended maximum tolerable limits, according to Brazilian and global legislations, which may present potential risks to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Mello Santana
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 41195-001, Brazil
| | - Thaís Luz de Sousa
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Santos Lobo
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Gleice Rayanne da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051900, Brazil
| | | | - Mariângela Vieira Lopes
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 41195-001, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 41195-001, Brazil. .,Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 41195-001, Brazil.
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