An in vitro analysis on the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of Kaempferia galanga rhizome using different solvent systems

Quantification of the Bioactivity of Ethanolic Extract From Phoenix dactylifera

AIM

This study aims to quantitatively assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera seeds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Around 30 seeds of Phoenix dactylifera were collected, crushed, and powdered; 10 gm of powder was added to 100 ml of ethanolic extract and boiled for further analysis. Egg albumin denaturation assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay were done to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, respectively. An independent t-test was used to compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera using SPSS Statistics version 22.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0; Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), and values less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The seeds of Phoenix dactylifera have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties improved with higher concentrations and were comparable to the control substances diclofenac sodium, vitamin E, and ascorbic acid, respectively. The most significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect was observed at a dosage of 50 μL, with a p-value of 0.001.

CONCLUSION

To conclude, we found that the ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which can further be used for the improvement of pharmaceuticals.

Development of the Antioxidant Property of Seagrass Extract-Based Hydrogel for Dental Application

Background Seagrass is rich in antioxidants, which can help neutralize harmful free radicals in the oral cavity. Free radicals can contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, and various oral health issues. Incorporating seagrass extract into a hydrogel can enhance its antioxidant capacity, providing a protective effect for oral tissues. The hydrogel, composed of a biocompatible base, ensures that the material is well-tolerated by oral tissue. This is crucial for any dental application to avoid adverse reactions. Aim This work aimed to develop an antioxidant hydrogel that incorporates seagrass extract, with a specific emphasis on its possible use in dentistry. Methods A seagrass sample was collected, and its bioactive compounds were extracted through the utilization of methanol, and subsequent filtration was done. The resulting seagrass filtrate was then integrated into a hydrogel, which was synthesized using polyacrylamide and sodium alginate. Antioxidant hydrogel underwent testing for antioxidant activity through both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay. Besides, the hydrogel functional groups were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while its crystalline structure was examined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Conclusion Seagrass extract provides inherent antioxidant properties, and incorporating this bioactive extract into the hydrogel imparts antioxidant features. The hydrogel's controlled-release property ensures both safety and efficiency. Antioxidant hydrogel for dental applications holds the potential to improve oral health.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Marine Actinobacterium Micromonospora sp. and Their Bioactive Potential

Background The biosynthesis of nanoparticles represents a rapid, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and straightforward technology. This approach allows for the production of nanoparticles with a wide range of chemical compositions, sizes, shapes, high uniformity, and scalability. One of the principal advantages of biogenic nanoparticles is their water solubility and compatibility with biological systems. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles have demonstrated superior efficiency compared to conventionally synthesized particles. Among biosynthesis, microbial-mediated biosynthesis is a promising one that has a selectively reducing ability on specific metal ions through electron transfer.  Objectives Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticle synthesized by actinobacteria Micromonospora sp. which is isolated from marine environment. Materials and methods In this study, actinobacteria were isolated from the marine sediment using the spread plate method. The isolates were identified based on morphological observation, cell wall amino acids, sugar analysis, and micromorphological analysis. The silver nanoparticle synthesis from microbes and their inhibition against clinical pathogens have been evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Antioxidant efficiency was evaluated in terms of total antioxidant activity through ammonium molybdenum assay. Results A total of five isolates were isolated from the sediment sample. The cell-free extract of MBIT-MSA4 can synthesize silver nanoparticles that have potential antimicrobial activity against the clinical pathogens Streptococcus mutans at a zone of inhibition 6 mm, 10 mm inhibition zone of Klebsiella pneumonia, and 8 mm zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. Also, it has significant antioxidant activity up to 73% of free radical inhibition. Conclusion Marine microbial-mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have potential antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and inhibit the oxidation process through antioxidant activity. This enhanced efficient biosynthesised nanoparticle has significantly reduced the concentration of free radicals caused by pathogens.

Analyzing the Antihyperglycemic Effect of Cissus quadrangularis and Bacopa monnieri on 3T3-L1 Cell Lines

Background Cissus quadrangularis is a perennial shrub of the grape family. Other names for it include devil's backbone, veld grape, and pirandai (Tamil). Bacopa monnieri, a perennial plant, is native to wetlands in eastern and southern India. The 3T3-L1 cell line, which was created from 3T3 cells, was used in the scientific study. The current study's purpose is to evaluate the antihyperglycemic benefits of B. monnieri and C. quadrangularis, which will be added to the current arsenal of efficient herbal hypoglycemic medications. Aim To analyze and compare the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of the two plant extracts, C. quadrangularis and B. monnieri using a 3T3-L1 cell line. Materials and methods C. quadrangularis seeds were gathered, and extraction was conducted. The B. monnieri plant was harvested, and a rotary evaporator was used to extract the flower. Adipocyte cells were obtained from NCCS, Pune. A CO2 incubator was used to incubate the cells. The MTT assay and gene expression analysis were done on the cell line samples. Results The antihyperglycemic effects of C. quadrangularis IRS mRNA levels of 0.7 and AKT mRNA levels of 0.7 are compared to B. monnieri IRS1 mRNA levels of 0.6 and AKT mRNA levels of 0.6 to build better diabetic treatments. The antihyperglycemic benefits of C. quadrangularis levels of IRS mRNA and AKT mRNA are compared to the influence of B. monnieri IRS1 mRNA and AKT mRNA on the development of better diabetic drugs. Conclusion Comparing the effects of C. quadrangularis and B. monnieri on the 3T3 cell line by gene expression of IRS mRNA and AKT mRNA suggests that the particular AKT downregulation shows that insulin suppresses gluconeogenesis and C. quadrangularis inhibits hyperglycemia in 3T3-L1 cells, while research on in vitro rats suggests that B. monnieri may minimize the signs and symptoms of diabetes via enhancing IRS1/AKT signaling.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Cymodocea rotundata Leaf Extract and Their Biological Activities

AIM

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered to be a very significant and intriguing type within the category of metallic nanoparticles, particularly in the context of their involvement in biological applications. The objective of this research is to use the green synthesis method in order to synthesize AgNPs by using the leaf extract of C. rotundata. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these nanoparticles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fresh and healthy specimens of C. rotundata were gathered from Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu, India, and afterward subjected to a thorough washing process using tap water. The cleaned materials were air-dried and then fragmented into small bits and finely ground. The ethanolic extract of seagrass was then combined with a solution containing 1 millimolar (mM) silver nitrate (AgNo3). The decrease of silver ions in the solution was frequently measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Synthesized AgNPs were investigated for antioxidants by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and anti-inflammatory activity was measured by protein-denaturation assay.

RESULTS

The use of C. rotundata leaf extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs, in the presence of 1 mM AgNO3, led to a noticeable alteration in the colour of the mixture, transitioning from a pale hue to a brown shade. This change in colour serves as evidence of the reduction of AgNo3 ions to silver ions, thereby facilitating the creation of AgNPs. The duration of the bio-reduction process of silver ions in the reaction mixture was observed to be two hours. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity showed promising activity for AgNPs.

CONCLUSION

This study concluded that C. rotundata had antioxidant capabilities, and AgNPs derived from C. rotundata have potential use in pharmaceuticals and medication administration.