Comparison and evaluation of two reciprocating root canal instruments on removal of smear layer by using two irrigants at apical one-third of the root canal-an ex vivo-scanning electron microscopic study

An Experimental Anatomic CBCT Study on the Correlations Between MB1 and MB2 of the Mesio-Vestibular Root of the Upper First Molars

This experimental anatomic study aimed to investigate the correlations between the mesio-vestibular canal (MB1) and the second mesio-vestibular canal (MB2) of the mesio-vestibular root of the upper sexts using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. A total of 24 extracted maxillary first molars were collected and subjected to CBCT imaging. The presence, location, and morphology of MB1 and MB2 canals were evaluated using axial, coronal, and sagittal CBCT sections. The interrelation between MB1 and MB2 canals was assessed, including their separate canals, merging, and division points. Among the 24 maxillary first molars examined, 86.5% demonstrated the presence of an MB2 canal in addition to MB1. The MB2 and MB1 were confluent in 80% of the cases with a confluent height of 4,16 mm. The mean distance between MB1 and MB2 canals was 1.85 mm. This study provides detailed information on the anatomic correlations between MB1 and MB2 canals of the mesio-vestibular root in the upper sexts using CBCT imaging. The high prevalence of MB2 canals suggests their significance in endodontic procedures and emphasizes the importance of thorough exploration and identification during root canal treatment. The knowledge of the location and morphology of these canals can aid in successful endodontic therapy and enhance treatment outcomes.

Comparative evaluation of canal cleanliness at apical third using Self-Adjusting File and Wave One File with different irrigants: an in vitro scanning electron microscopic study

Aim

To evaluate the cleaning ability of two single-file rotary systems- Self-Adjusting File (SAF) and Wave one (WO) systems in removing the smear layer using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and NaOCl + Qmix as irrigants at apical one-third of the root canal.

Methods

Forty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected and working length was determined. The canal was manually instrumented up to a number 25 size K-file. The roots were divided into the following groups with 10 samples each - Group 1 using SAF: Group 1a- 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group 1b- 3% NaOCl + Qmix. Group2 using WO: Group 2a- 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group 2b- 3% NaOCl + Qmix. In the SAF group, the irrigation was performed continuously using the special irrigation apparatus. In the WO group, syringe irrigation was done followed by final irrigant activation using passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). The roots were sectioned longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination. The amount of smear layer was evaluated using a five score index at the apical third level. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.

Results

Group 1 (SAF) showed better canal cleanliness at apical third compared to Group 2 (WO) with both irrigant combinations and the results were statistically significant (p<0.05). 3% NaOCl + Qmix was equally as effective as 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer with no significant difference between them.

Conclusion

Within the limitation of this study, SAF in combination with 3% NaOCl + Qmix or 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA should be used for removing smear layer in critical areas of the root canal.

Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy of Self-adjusting File and WaveOne File: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

AIM

This study aims to compare the cleaning efficacy of root canal walls using two rotary single file systems: self-adjusting file (SAF) and WaveOne (WO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty extracted human premolars with similar range of canal curvature were selected, decoronated, working length determined and roots were divided into two groups of 20 samples each: Group I - SAF and Group II - WO. All root canals were irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The roots were sectioned longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopic examination. The amount of debris and smear layer was evaluated using five score index at coronal, middle and apical third levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and significance was set at a P < 0.05.

RESULTS

Statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in cleaning the apical third. Group I (SAF) showed better canal cleanliness compared to Group II (WO) in the apical third.

CONCLUSION

Within the limitations of this study, SAF in combination with 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA irrigating solution had significantly better cleaning efficacy in the apical third of root canals when compared to WO rotary file system.