Hassan M, Bokhari TH, Lodhi NA, Khosa MK, Usman M. A review of recent advancements in Actinium-225 labeled compounds and biomolecules for therapeutic purposes.
Chem Biol Drug Des 2023;
102:1276-1292. [PMID:
37715360 DOI:
10.1111/cbdd.14311]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In nuclear medicine, cancers that cannot be cured or can only be treated partially by traditional techniques like surgery or chemotherapy are killed by ionizing radiation as a form of therapeutic treatment. Actinium-225 is an alpha-emitting radionuclide that is highly encouraging as a therapeutic approach and more promising for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Actinium-225 is the best candidate for tumor cells treatment and has physical characteristics such as high (LET) linear energy transfer (150 keV per μm), half-life (t1/2 = 9.92d), and short ranges (400-100 μm) which prevent the damage of normal healthy tissues. The introduction of various new radiopharmaceuticals and radioisotopes has significantly assisted the advancement of nuclear medicine. Ac-225 radiopharmaceuticals continuously demonstrate their potential as targeted alpha therapeutics. 225 Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals have confirmed their importance in medical and clinical areas by introducing [225 Ac]Ac-PSMA-617, [225 Ac]Ac-DOTATOC, [225 Ac]Ac-DOTA-substance-P, reported significantly improved response in patients with prostate cancer, neuroendocrine, and glioma, respectively. The development of these radiopharmaceuticals required a suitable buffer, incubation time, optimal pH, and reaction temperature. There is a growing need to standardize quality control (QC) testing techniques such as radiochemical purity (RCP). This review aims to summarize the development of the Ac-225 labeled compounds and biomolecules. The current state of their reported resulting clinical applications is also summarized as well.
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