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Khan AJ, Ahmad MS, Sabri BAM. The implications of oral health education interventions in providing oral hygiene care for individuals with visual impairment: A systematic review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:659-675. [PMID: 37964052 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with visual impairment (VI) are doubly disadvantaged by their lack of vision and poor oral hygiene (OH). Implementing oral health education (OHE) interventions should be set as goals to improve OH status and prevent oral diseases. However, few studies have examined the specific teaching method of OH skills. This study aimed to identify the most influential OHE interventions enabling individuals with VI worldwide, especially those in countries where VI is most frequent, to maintain OH and improve knowledge and practices. METHODS An extensive literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis method. This study systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed via Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar) using expert-validated keywords, complemented by manual searches, to identify relevant articles published between April 1, 2012, and September 30, 2022. RESULT PICOS criteria were formulated for study inclusion. The bibliographical search identified 1485 articles, which were subsequently filtered. Two researchers separately screened the articles for eligibility and to reduce the risk of bias in the included studies. Finally, the most pertinent 21 articles were scrutinized for data synthesis. CONCLUSION Most studies identified combination methods, including customized educational demonstrations, as the best at improving OH status, knowledge, and practices. However, long-term, rigorously designed, and effective patient-centered communication trials, including those on innovative methods, are still needed for individuals with VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsary Jahan Khan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mas Suryalis Ahmad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Budi Aslinie Md Sabri
- Dental Public Health Specialist, Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
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Santhoshi K, Ansari KR, Mekala S, Kala T, Madala MV, Onteru P. Comparison of Different Modes of Oral Health Education in Visually Impaired Children. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1721-S1725. [PMID: 38882738 PMCID: PMC11174186 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1297_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
To compare the effectiveness of various modes of oral health education in visually impaired children. A total of 100 students aged 8-15 years were included. The children were divided randomly into four groups. Children in Group I received oral hygiene instructions through Braille pamphlets. In Group II, children received instructions through nonvisual desktop access (NVDA). For children in Group III, both Braille and NVDA were used to deliver the instructions. Children included in Group IV served as controls, who did not receive any information in any form for the study period. After oral examination to record plaque and OHI-S scores, a questionnaire was given to the children to assess their knowledge scores. The same questionnaire was repeated after 1 month to reassess the knowledge score in different groups. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon test, and post hoc analysis tests were used. The mean plaque scores among the control group children at the follow-up were significantly higher (2.5 ± 0.64) than any other group. Similarly, the control group had higher mean oral hygiene simplified scores (1.75 ± 1.32) than the Braille (1.12 ± 0.65), NVDA (0.85 ± 1.38), and Braille + NVDA (0.2 ± 0.64) groups at follow-up. With regards to the mean total knowledge score, the control group scored the least (2.16 ± 1.46), while the Braille, NVDA, and Braille + NVDA groups scored 3.16 ± 1.43, 4.52 ± 1.12, and 6.36 ± 0.52, respectively. Combination of Braille and NVDA was found to be effective in educating and motivating visually impaired children regarding maintenance of oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayithi Santhoshi
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Private Dental Practitioner, Siri Dental Clinic, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Khaja R Ansari
- General Dentist, Private Practitioner, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sirisha Mekala
- Department of Public Health Dentist, Private Dental Practitioner, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tejaswi Kala
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manasa V Madala
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pradeep Onteru
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Assistant Professor, Father Colombo Institute of Medical Sciences, Warangal, Telangana, India
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Shankar KS, Arumugham M, Mohammed MAA, Kaur Sandhu S, Bennadi D, Verma J, Pulluri SS. Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Interventions Using Braille on Oral Health among Visually Impaired Children: Proposal for a Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S97-S101. [PMID: 38595616 PMCID: PMC11001079 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_892_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess how oral health education (OHE) techniques using braille affect visually impaired children's awareness of oral health, oral hygiene status and practices, plaque, gingival health, and dental caries status. From 2010 to 2020, a thorough literature search will be conducted for studies in the English language using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Open Grey. Data extraction will be done after two reviewers extensively evaluate the papers for qualifying requirements. In accordance with the research designs, a quality evaluation of the chosen studies will be conducted. With the use of the program Review Manager 5.3, a meta-analysis will be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S. Shankar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meighana Arumugham
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmed Amer Mohammed
- Ph. D Scholar, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nims Dental College and Hospital, Nims University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sunpreet Kaur Sandhu
- BDS, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Darshana Bennadi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeetu Verma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, JN Kapoor DAV (c) Dental College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
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Sardana D, Ritto FP, Ciesla D, Fagan TR. Evaluation of oral health education programs for oral health of individuals with visual impairment: An umbrella review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:751-764. [PMID: 37154703 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To exemplify, summarize and critically appraise the systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated different oral health education (OHE) interventions in individuals with visual impairment (VI). METHODOLOGY Six electronic databases were searched for SRs evaluating OHE programs in individuals with VI. The internal validity of the included SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. The degree of overlap of the primary studies in the included SRs was calculated using the "corrected covered area (CCA)" approach. RESULTS Seven SRs were included in this umbrella review that included 30 primary studies with a CCA of 26% (very high overlap). Six of the included SRs were assessed to have critically low confidence in the results, whereas only one had moderate confidence. CONCLUSIONS A combination of various OHE methods for individuals with VI might be better than using one method alone to improve oral hygiene. There is no conclusive evidence that one OHE method is superior to others. However, the evidence of OHE in improving the outcomes related to dental trauma or caries is inconclusive. Furthermore, it appears that most of the evaluations of oral health programs come from limited parts of the world, and data from many other regions is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divesh Sardana
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Fernanda P Ritto
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - David Ciesla
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Timothy R Fagan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Deshpande AP, Ankola AV, Sankeshwari R, Jalihal S, Bhat DV, Choudhury AR, Kumar RS, Khot AP. Unleashing the most effective oral health education intervention technique for improving the oral hygiene status and oral health knowledge in visually impaired young individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:9. [PMID: 37034845 PMCID: PMC10079208 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_419_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in prevention of oral diseases and would bridge the gap between dentists and visually impaired individuals. Hence, this systematic review was planned with an aim to evaluate effectiveness of various OHE techniques on the oral hygiene status and oral health knowledge of visually impaired young individuals. An electronic search extended to September 30, 2020 was conducted on PubMed, Wiley, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies using a two-stage process; data were extracted according to PRISMA statement. Risk of bias assessment of selected studies was executed according to the study designs. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was conducted for the outcomes for all oral health education techniques using STATASE 16.1 software. Hand and electronic search identified 3829 articles. After screening for titles and duplicates, 37 articles were retrieved, which were screened through abstract and full text. Of the 37 articles, 17 articles were included for qualitative synthesis, and out of that, 13 were for meta-analysis. Ten variations in oral health education (OHE) techniques were used in the included 17 studies to impart oral health education to visually impaired young individuals. Overall, all OHE techniques demonstrated a positive impact on oral hygiene status. The pooled overall cumulative mean difference of the oral hygiene status after imparting education in ATP, Audio, and Braille was 1.33 [1.06, 1.59], 1.76 [1.11, 2.42], and 1.96 [1.40, 2.55], respectively. An appropriate OHE technique boosts confidence in visually impaired young individuals, making the learning process an enjoyable experience. Use of either Braille or the ATP OHE technique was found to be a reliable and useful method to improve oral hygiene of visually impaired young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva P Deshpande
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil V Ankola
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopali Sankeshwari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sagar Jalihal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepika V Bhat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhra Roy Choudhury
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ram Surath Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Atrey Pai Khot
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Gautam K, Ali AR, Agrawal D, Choudhary A, Shekhawat A, Jain RL. New vision for improving oral hygiene status of visually impaired students aged from 9 to 17 years. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5303-5308. [PMID: 33409206 PMCID: PMC7773068 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_854_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Visually impaired patients are at a higher risk of developing periodontal disease because of greater difficulty in attaining good oral hygiene. This study aims to assess and compare the oral hygiene status of visually impaired students before and after oral health education interventions using special customized methods. Methods: The present study was a randomized control trial of 180 visually impaired students divided into three groups. Each group includes 60 students selected randomly from blind school. Oral health education was given using Braille in Group 1, Audio Tactile performance (ATP) technique in Group 2, and a combination of Braille and ATP technique in Group 3. Plaque index (PI) scores and gingival index (GI) scores were calculated and evaluated at baseline and after 3 months. Intergroup comparison and intragroup comparison of PI and GI at baseline and 3 months was by using one way ANOVA and Paired t test, respectively. Results: There was a highly significant difference seen for the intergroup comparison of post PI (P < 0.01) and post GI (P < 0.01) with least mean in Group 3. There was a statistically highly significant difference seen for the intra group comparison of pre and post PI and GI (P < 0.01) with lesser means in post as compared to pre in all three groups. Conclusions: Visually impaired children could maintain an acceptable level of oral hygiene when taught using combination of Braille and ATP technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kompal Gautam
- Department of Dentistry, Siyaram Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Rizwan Ali
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Arpana Shekhawat
- Government Medical College and Attached Hospital, Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rashi L Jain
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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A music- and game-based oral health education for visually impaired school children; multilevel analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:144. [PMID: 32423446 PMCID: PMC7236198 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visually impaired children encounter some challenges for their oral health. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral health education using Audio Tactile Performance (ATP) technique alone, ATP combined with oral health education for mothers, and ATP along with art package on the oral health status of visually impaired children. Materials and methods This cluster, randomized trial, included visually impaired children from preschool to 10th grade (32 classes, n = 200), in Tehran, Iran, in 2018–2019. A questionnaire was filled out through face to face interviews at baseline regarding age, gender, status of visual impairment, and place of residence. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) were examined afterward. Classes were randomly assigned to three groups through simple randomization: 1. Art group (ATP, game-based, and music-based education (11 classes, n = 66); 2. Mothers group (children received ATP and their mothers received education by telephone (10 classes, n = 73); and 3. Control group (children received ATP (11 classes, n = 61). Children received reinforcement after 1 and 2 weeks. Follow-up oral examinations were performed after 1 and 2 months by a blind calibrated examiner. Descriptive statistics were performed using Chi-Square, and ANOVA tests by SPSS (version 22). In analytic statistics, two-level mixed-effects models for BOP and OHI-S were fitted using the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4. Both models fitted with the grouping variable and time (baseline, 1, and 2 months after interventions) as the fixed effects. Results The mean age (SD) of the children was 12.29 (3.45) years (range: 6–17). Male children (67%) more than female children (33%) participated in the study. Also, 35.5% were blind, and 12% resided at the dormitory. The art and mothers groups had no statistically significant difference compared with the control group, in terms of OHI-S (P = 0.92, and 0.39, respectively) and BOP (OR = 0.64, and 0.66, respectively). The time effect was statistically significant in both BOP and OHI-S models (P < 0.0001). Conclusions ATP technique is an effective method to improve the oral health status of visually impaired school children. Oral health promotion programs can be done using this method to tackle oral hygiene problems in visually impaired children. Trial registration (https://www.irct.ir/trial/34676: Nov 29th, 2018)
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