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Nassar SM, Almubrik SA, Alyahya L, Alshalan M, Alhashem HM. Perception, Knowledge, Indications, and Future Prospects of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e57704. [PMID: 38586231 PMCID: PMC10998434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become integral across medical specialties globally, addressing clinical queries, guiding procedures, and bridging the gap between physical examination and advanced imaging. Early ultrasound training for medical students enhances clinical decision-making and reduces diagnostic errors. Aims To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of senior medical students towards POCUS and to assess knowledge gaps and difficulties encountered by senior medical students to assist in the development of future curricula. Methodology This is an observational, cross-sectional approach to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of POCUS among senior medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from January to September 2023. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through online platforms utilizing medical school databases across various regions. The survey encompassed sociodemographics, training methods, diagnostic indications, and participants' self-reported proficiency and attitudes toward POCUS. The data was chiefly collected using the Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative and categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlations. Results A total of 359 senior medical students completed the survey. Most responders were females (57.9%) with the predominating age group being ≤ 24 years (83.6%). The students predominantly were from the Central region of Saudi Arabia (75.5%). Ultrasound training varied among responders; 31.5% received formal courses (median duration: two hours) and 23.4% informal courses (median duration: four hours). Around 17.3% practiced POCUS self-teaching (median duration: four hours). A total of 3.6% had formal POCUS accreditation. A gargantuan 82.2% never used POCUS in their attached hospital for a variety of reasons. Multivariable logistic binary regression analysis showed a positive correlation between students' self-teaching of POCUS and their perceived difficulty performing an ultrasound examination for patients in daily practice. Discussion A comparable study was done at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in 2022 surveying 229 senior medical students by Rajendram et al. In their study, 21.4% completed formal courses and 12.7% took informal courses. While many students in our study were not exposed to POCUS (82.2%), KSAU-HS reported a higher percentage reaching 94.8%. A study by Russel et al. demonstrated more than half of 154 surveyed medical schools in the United States have implemented POCUS into their students' curriculum. Conclusion POCUS stands as a valuable skill that can enhance the educational journey of undergraduate medical students. Considering that a significant number of participants haven't yet taken formal medical school courses suggests a lack of awareness about its significance in the medical field. Offering additional courses with practical components could enhance the proficiency, confidence, and outlook of medical students toward POCUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Nassar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sarah A Almubrik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Lama Alyahya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Hussain M Alhashem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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Hoppmann RA, Mladenovic J, Melniker L, Badea R, Blaivas M, Montorfano M, Abuhamad A, Noble V, Hussain A, Prosen G, Villen T, Via G, Nogue R, Goodmurphy C, Bastos M, Nace GS, Volpicelli G, Wakefield RJ, Wilson S, Bhagra A, Kim J, Bahner D, Fox C, Riley R, Steinmetz P, Nelson BP, Pellerito J, Nazarian LN, Wilson LB, Ma IWY, Amponsah D, Barron KR, Dversdal RK, Wagner M, Dean AJ, Tierney D, Tsung JW, Nocera P, Pazeli J, Liu R, Price S, Neri L, Piccirillo B, Osman A, Lee V, Naqvi N, Petrovic T, Bornemann P, Valois M, Lanctot JF, Haddad R, Govil D, Hurtado LA, Dinh VA, DePhilip RM, Hoffmann B, Lewiss RE, Parange NA, Nishisaki A, Doniger SJ, Dallas P, Bergman K, Barahona JO, Wortsman X, Smith RS, Sisson CA, Palma J, Mallin M, Ahmed L, Mustafa H. International consensus conference recommendations on ultrasound education for undergraduate medical students. Ultrasound J 2022; 14:31. [PMID: 35895165 PMCID: PMC9329507 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-022-00279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to provide expert consensus recommendations to establish a global ultrasound curriculum for undergraduate medical students. METHODS 64 multi-disciplinary ultrasound experts from 16 countries, 50 multi-disciplinary ultrasound consultants, and 21 medical students and residents contributed to these recommendations. A modified Delphi consensus method was used that included a systematic literature search, evaluation of the quality of literature by the GRADE system, and the RAND appropriateness method for panel judgment and consensus decisions. The process included four in-person international discussion sessions and two rounds of online voting. RESULTS A total of 332 consensus conference statements in four curricular domains were considered: (1) curricular scope (4 statements), (2) curricular rationale (10 statements), (3) curricular characteristics (14 statements), and (4) curricular content (304 statements). Of these 332 statements, 145 were recommended, 126 were strongly recommended, and 61 were not recommended. Important aspects of an undergraduate ultrasound curriculum identified include curricular integration across the basic and clinical sciences and a competency and entrustable professional activity-based model. The curriculum should form the foundation of a life-long continuum of ultrasound education that prepares students for advanced training and patient care. In addition, the curriculum should complement and support the medical school curriculum as a whole with enhanced understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiological processes and clinical practice without displacing other important undergraduate learning. The content of the curriculum should be appropriate for the medical student level of training, evidence and expert opinion based, and include ongoing collaborative research and development to ensure optimum educational value and patient care. CONCLUSIONS The international consensus conference has provided the first comprehensive document of recommendations for a basic ultrasound curriculum. The document reflects the opinion of a diverse and representative group of international expert ultrasound practitioners, educators, and learners. These recommendations can standardize undergraduate medical student ultrasound education while serving as a basis for additional research in medical education and the application of ultrasound in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Hoppmann
- Internal Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Road, Bldg 3, Room 306, Columbia, SC 29209 USA
| | - Jeanette Mladenovic
- Foundation for the Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Lawrence Melniker
- Quality Emergency Department, NewYork-Presbyterian Health System, New York, USA
| | - Radu Badea
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michael Blaivas
- Internal Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Miguel Montorfano
- Ultrasound and Doppler Department, Hospital de Emergencias “Dr. Clemente Alvarez”, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Vicki Noble
- Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Cardiac Critical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregor Prosen
- Emergency Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomás Villen
- Francisco de Vitoria University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele Via
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Nogue
- Emergency Medicine, University of Lleida School of Medicine, Lleida, Spain
| | - Craig Goodmurphy
- Ultrasound Education, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Marcus Bastos
- Ultrasound Point of Care, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora - SUPREMA, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - G. Stephen Nace
- Medical Education and Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Giovanni Volpicelli
- Internal Medicine, Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Steve Wilson
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | | | - Jongyeol Kim
- Neurology, School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - David Bahner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Chris Fox
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Ruth Riley
- Library Services, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | | | - Bret P. Nelson
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - John Pellerito
- Radiology and Science Education, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, USA
| | - Levon N. Nazarian
- Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - L. Britt Wilson
- Physiology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Irene W. Y. Ma
- Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - David Amponsah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA
| | - Keith R. Barron
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Renee K. Dversdal
- Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Mike Wagner
- Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, USA
| | - Anthony J. Dean
- Emeritus Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David Tierney
- Internal Medicine, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | - James W. Tsung
- Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Paula Nocera
- Anesthesiologist, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pazeli
- Nephology and Critical Care, Barbacena’s School of Medicine, Barbacena, Brazil
| | - Rachel Liu
- Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Susanna Price
- Cardiology and Intensive Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England
| | - Luca Neri
- Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Ad Dammām, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adi Osman
- Emergency Physician & ED Critical Care, Trauma & Emergency Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri, Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
| | - Vaughan Lee
- Medical Education, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, USA
| | - Nitha Naqvi
- Royal Brompton Hospital Part of Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | | | - Paul Bornemann
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Maxime Valois
- Medicine, McGill and Sherbrooke Universities, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Robert Haddad
- Ultrasound Education - Ultrasound Institute, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Deepak Govil
- Critical Care Medicine, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Vi Am Dinh
- Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Robert M. DePhilip
- Emeritus Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Beatrice Hoffmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Resa E. Lewiss
- Emergency Medicine and Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Nayana A. Parange
- Medical Sonography, University of South Australia Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Akira Nishisaki
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Doniger
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital in Orange California, Orange, USA
| | - Paul Dallas
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, USA
| | - Kevin Bergman
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California - San Francisco, Martinez, USA
| | - J. Oscar Barahona
- Greenwich Ultrasound Services, Greenwich Ultrasound Associates, PC, Greenwich, USA
| | - Ximena Wortsman
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R. Stephen Smith
- Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Craig A. Sisson
- Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - James Palma
- Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Liju Ahmed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Mustafa
- Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
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