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Chen Y, Ye P, Dong H, Xu X, Shi L, Li B, Dong J, Lv A, Su Z, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Wang J, Feng G, Zeng Y, Ni X, Mi J. Clinical characteristics of pediatric hypertension: a multicenter study in China. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1753-1759. [PMID: 37602486 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypertension in children has attracted increasing attention. However, clinical-based studies investigating characteristics and secular trends of pediatric hypertension remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and secular trends of different types of hypertension among hospitalized children in China. METHODS This retrospective analysis was based on medical records from nine tertiary children's hospitals in China during 2010∼2020. A total of 5847 pediatric inpatients (aged <18 years) with the diagnosis of hypertension were enrolled. Information on the clinical characteristics of each patient was obtained from their first admission records. RESULTS During the past decade, secondary hypertension sustained to be the dominant type of hypertension in children, with the proportion increased from 51.2% during 2010∼2015 to 59.8% during 2016∼2020. The main causes of secondary hypertension were neurologic disorders in children aged 0∼2 years, which changed to renal diseases after 3 years of age. Compared with primary hypertension, secondary hypertension was common in girls (43.1 vs. 23.3%) and children under 5 years of age (32.2 vs. 2.1%). Moreover, over four-fifths of primary hypertensive individuals had obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, and the proportion of clusters of one or more comorbidities increased in the past decade (79.7 → 85.2%). CONCLUSION Secondary hypertension sustained to be the dominant type of hypertension among children, especially in girls. Renal diseases were the most common causes of secondary hypertension in children, followed by rheumatic immune diseases. For primary hypertension, over four-fifths of inpatients had obesity and obesity-related diseases, and the proportion kept rising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Hunan
| | - Peiyu Ye
- Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing
| | - Hongbo Dong
- Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Information Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health
| | - Lin Shi
- Capital Institution of Pediatrics, Beijing
| | - Bin Li
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming
| | - Jie Dong
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha
| | - Aiting Lv
- Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou
| | - Zhe Su
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Yong Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan
| | - Yunguo Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang
| | | | | | - Yueping Zeng
- Department of Medical Record Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing
| | - Jie Mi
- Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing
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Alshammari SA, Alshammari AS, Alshammari HS, Ahamed SS. Overview of hypertension in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:951-964. [PMID: 37777271 PMCID: PMC10541986 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Saudi Arabia. METHODS We searched electronic databases and the references lists of found publications between 1990 and 2022. Original cross-sectional studies in English were included using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Saudi Digital Library. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the combined prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies with 278873 individuals aged 14-100 were considered. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 22.66% (95% CI:18.95-26.60), Cochran's Q=6221.98, dff=22, p<0.0001; I2=99.65%, Egger's test (p=0.0033) across 23 studies with 272378 people. The pooled hypertension awareness rate was 42.8% from 6 studies with 36046 participants (95% CI:35.66-50.01), Cochran's Q=781.86, dff=5, p<0.0001; I2=99.4% and Egger's test p=0.3772. The pooled proportion of hypertension patients treated in 6 studies involving 46075 samples was 59.4% (95% CI=38.14-79.02), Cochran's Q=9793.79 dff=5, p<0.0001; I2=99.95%, Egger's test p=0.8284. The pooled proportion of hypertension-controlled participants across 15 studies comprising 264817 subjects was 34.97% (95% CI: 27.62-42.68), Cochran's Q=11048.28, dff=14, p<0.0001; I2=99.87% and Egger's test p=0.9760. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension was high, with low awareness, treatment, and control rates among Saudis. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare providers must work harmoniously to promote health and to prevent, detect, and control hypertension early.PROSPERO Reg. No.: CRD42023407978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A. Alshammari
- From the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari S), College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University; from the Psychiatric Department (Alshammari A), Eradah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari H), King Saud University Medical City; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Ahamed), College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah S. Alshammari
- From the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari S), College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University; from the Psychiatric Department (Alshammari A), Eradah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari H), King Saud University Medical City; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Ahamed), College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hotoon S. Alshammari
- From the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari S), College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University; from the Psychiatric Department (Alshammari A), Eradah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari H), King Saud University Medical City; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Ahamed), College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaik S. Ahamed
- From the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari S), College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University; from the Psychiatric Department (Alshammari A), Eradah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Alshammari H), King Saud University Medical City; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh; from the Department of Family & Community Medicine (Ahamed), College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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