Content validity of the newly developed risk assessment tool for religious mass gathering events in an Indian setting (Mass Gathering Risk Assessment Tool-MGRAT)

Elaboração e validação de construto da Escala de Risco de Depressão na Gravidez

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Risco de Depressão na Gravidez. Métodos: pesquisa metodológica, em seis etapas: definição empírica do modelo teórico; elaboração dos itens da escala com revisão da literatura; consulta a cinco especialistas profissionais de saúde e 15 gestantes; validação de conteúdo com seis especialistas; pré-teste-validação semântica com 24 gestantes; definição da estrutura fatorial da escala com 350 gestantes; estudo piloto com 100 gestantes, totalizando 489 gestantes e 11 especialistas. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo, análise fatorial exploratória, análise multitraço-multimétodo e consistência interna. Resultados: 68 fatores de risco foram identificados para formulação dos itens. A versão final da escala foi composta por 24 itens em cinco domínios. A escala demonstrou validade de conteúdo, semântica, de construto e fidedignidade satisfatória. Conclusões: a escala mostrou-se válida em conteúdo e semântica, com estrutura fatorial definida segundo modelo teórico adotado e propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias.

Construct elaboration and validity of the Pregnancy Depression Risk Scale

OBJECTIVES

to elaborate and analyze the Pregnancy Depression Risk Scale psychometric properties.

METHODS

methodological research, in six steps: theoretical model empirical definition; elaboration of scale items with literature review; consultation with five professional health experts and 15 pregnant women; content validity with six experts; pre-test-semantic validity with 24 pregnant women; scale factor structure definition with 350 pregnant women; pilot study with 100 pregnant women, totaling 489 pregnant women and 11 experts. Data were analyzed by content analysis, exploratory factor analysis, multitrait-multimethod analysis and internal consistency.

RESULTS

sixty-eight risk factors were identified for item formulation. The final version of the scale consisted of 24 items in five domains. The scale demonstrated satisfactory construct content, semantic, validity and reliability.

CONCLUSIONS

the scale proved to be valid in terms of content and semantics, with a factor structure defined according to the adopted theoretical model and satisfactory psychometric properties.

Mass Gathering Medicine in Soccer Leagues: A Review and Creation of the SALEM Tool

Potential risks for public health incidents, outbreaks, and casualties are inferred at association football events, especially if event organizers have not taken appropriate preventative measures. This review explores the potential risks imposed by mass gathering (MG) football events, with particular emphasis on tools and methodologies to manage the risks of football MG events. Effective planning and implementation of MGs along with the mitigation of risks related to people’s health require special attention to all potential threats, especially in frequent and recurring MG events such as football leagues. The well-being of all participants can be compromised by ignoring a single risk. Healthcare systems should cooperate with all stakeholders and organizations who are involved in MG management and response. Provision of services during MG or a disaster must be performed by trained personnel or entities that have full access to available resources in accessible publicly known locations at the MG event site. Several MG assessment tools were developed worldwide; however, to adapt to the Saudi context, SALEM tool was developed to provide a guide for MG planning and assessment. SALEM assesses the risks of MG events with scores that help to categorize the risk of MG events by offering recommendations for required resources.

Guidance for Health Risk Assessment at Recurrent Mass Gatherings: The Jeddah Tool Framework

A wide range of natural and man-made hazards increases the health risks at mass gatherings (MGs). Building on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (H-EDRM) framework to strengthen preparedness, response, and recovery from health emergencies in the communities and emergency-prone settings, such as MGs. The Jeddah tool is derived from the H-EDRM framework as an all-hazard MG risk assessment tool, which provides a benchmark for monitoring progress made in capacity strengthening over a given period for recurrent MGs. Additionally, it introduces a reputational risk assessment domain to complement vulnerability and capacity assessment matrixes. This paper describes the key elements of the Jeddah tool to improve the understanding of health risk assessment at MGs in the overarching contexts of health emergencies and disaster risk reduction, in line with international goals.