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Almutairi AH, Alhassan SA, Almutairi FA, Alharthi BA, Aljabr SA, Alabdulmonem RA, Altariqi WM, Alaboody ZM, Almutairy AK, AlQahtani MA, Albejede OM, Alrajeh SA, Alshahrani MD. Awareness of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in the Population of Al-Majma'ah Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e52497. [PMID: 38370989 PMCID: PMC10870095 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. As a complex cardiovascular condition, CAD arises from the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, leading to restricted blood flow to the heart muscle. While CAD has been extensively studied, its prevalence remains a challenge, particularly in diverse populations with distinct cultural and lifestyle practices. OBJECTIVES To assess the awareness of risk factors for CAD in the population of Al-Majma'ah Region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to determine participants' awareness of CAD risk factors among the population of Al-Majma'ah Region, Saudi Arabia. It was conducted by the use of a self-administered questionnaire that had been validated in prior research publications. Sociodemographic information as well as the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors were covered in the survey. The data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). RESULTS A total of 919 individuals were enrolled in the current study after meeting the inclusion criteria. The results showed that most of the respondents 626 (68.1%) had a good level of awareness, 261 (28.4%) had a fair level of awareness, while only 32 (3.5%) of the respondents had a poor level of CAD risk factors awareness. CONCLUSION The majority of participants had a good level of knowledge regarding CAD risk factors. The correlation between monthly income and awareness of coronary artery risk factors was statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Saud A Alrajeh
- College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majma'ah, SAU
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Elsheikh EA, Alqahtani OH, Aljedani HM, AlKulayb SM, Bamousa OM, Althobaiti RM, Alharbi LA, Alqahtani MM, Al-Amri OF, Alyami HS. Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52299. [PMID: 38357057 PMCID: PMC10865921 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease constitutes a critical public health issue due to its widespread prevalence, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems and posing considerable challenges to the well-being of the population. Limited recent data on coronary artery disease awareness in Saudi Arabia underscores the need for updated information to inform preventive programs. Methodology A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from August 2021 to October 2022, targeting individuals aged 18 and above in Saudi Arabia. The online survey collected demographic data and assessed knowledge and awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors. A scoring system categorized participants as possessing high, medium, or low levels of awareness and knowledge. Data analysis involved a multivariable regression approach to explore associations. Results The study included a total of 1,409 participants, representing a diverse demographic distribution. Knowledge scores revealed 70.3% high, 27.4% medium, and 2.3% low levels, while awareness scores showed 59.9% high, 32.9% medium, and 7.2% low levels. The study identified significant associations between knowledge scores and gender (p = 0.003) and age (p = 0.001). Similarly, awareness scores demonstrated associations with gender (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.003), educational qualification (p = 0.036), and occupation (p = 0.001). These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of factors influencing awareness and knowledge levels. Conclusions The study highlights a strong foundation of knowledge and awareness among the Saudi population regarding coronary artery disease risk factors, indicating a positive starting point for preventive initiatives. However, targeted programs addressing regional variations and enhancing knowledge are recommended to improve early detection and treatment of coronary artery disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haneen M Aljedani
- General Practice, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Omar M Bamousa
- General Practice, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Hadi S Alyami
- General Practice, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAU
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Al-Khlaiwi T, Alshammari H, Habib SS, Alobaid R, Alrumaih L, Almojel A, Sendi F, Almuqbil S, Alkhodair M. High prevalence of lack of knowledge and unhealthy lifestyle practices regarding premature coronary artery disease and its risk factors among the Saudi population. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:908. [PMID: 37202756 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Literature regarding coronary artery disease (CAD) and awareness of its risk factors is available in Saudi Arabia (SA). However, it is lacking with respect to premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the lack of knowledge of this underrepresented critical issue and to devise a well-constructed strategy for PCAD. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of PCAD and its risk factors in SA. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, SA between July 01, 2022, and October 25, 2022. A validated proforma was sent to the Saudi population. The sample size was 1046 participants. RESULTS Proforma results indicated that 46.1% (n = 484) of participants believed that CAD could occur in people under the age of 45, whereas 18.6% (n = 196) did not believe, and 34.8% (n = 366) did not know. There was a highly statistically significant association present between sex and the belief that CAD can affect people who are under the age of 45 (p < 0.001), with 355 (73.3%) females believing that CAD can affect people below the age of 45 compared to 129 (26.7%) males. The results also showed a highly statistically significant relationship between educational status and the belief that CAD can affect people who are under the age of 45 (bachelor's degree, 392 participants, representing 81.1%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, having employment was notably positively associated with that belief (p = 0.049) as was having a health specialty (p < 0.001). In addition, 62.3% (n = 655) of participants were not aware of their lipid profile, 49.1% (n = 516) preferred using vehicles to get to nearby places, 70.1% (n = 737) did not undergo regular medical checkups, 36.3% (n = 382) took medications without consultations, 55.9% (n = 588) did not exercise weekly, 69.5% (n = 112) were E-cigarette smokers, and 77.5% (n = 810) consumed fast food weekly. CONCLUSIONS Individuals from SA have an evident lack of public knowledge and poor lifestyle practices regarding PCAD, which demonstrates the need for health authorities to take a more targeted and attentive approach toward PCAD awareness. In addition, extensive media involvement is required to highlight the severity of PCAD and its risk factors in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir Al-Khlaiwi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessah Alshammari
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alobaid
- Medical student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alrumaih
- Medical student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Almojel
- Medical student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faye Sendi
- Medical student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Almuqbil
- Medical student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majdoly Alkhodair
- Medical student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Rashikh MA, Alruways AF, Alotaibi HB, Alotaibi NA, Almarshad F, Alsaab SM, Alotaibi G. Blood Pressure Control and Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Adherence to the 2020 International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e34965. [PMID: 36938155 PMCID: PMC10019097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. Appropriate treatment of hypertension is necessary to reduce mortality. A prescription-based study is one of the most influential and helpful methods to examine physicians' irrational prescribing practices. This study was designed to investigate the antihypertensive prescription of physicians and their adherence to the treatment guidelines, as well as the blood pressure (BP) control rate in a general hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2020 and June 2021 in an outpatient department. Patients diagnosed with hypertension as per the 2020 International Society of Hypertension guidelines and those who received antihypertensive drugs were included. Study data included prescriptions, patient's age, duration of hypertension, comorbidities, BP, drug therapy type, and antihypertensive class. Results Overall, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (67.1%) were the most prescribed agents, followed by dihydropyridine-calcium channel blockers (62.6%), diuretics (26.1%), and β-blockers (10.1%). Comorbid and stage 2 hypertensive patients mainly received combination therapy (51.6%) rather than monotherapy (48.4%). The study revealed an 83.5% prescription adherence to the treatment guidelines. However, non-adherence was encountered in monotherapy, polytherapy, and elderly-treated patient groups. A 66.4% (at target BP in all cases <140/90 mmHg) and 39.3% (at target BP in comorbid patients <130/80 mmHg) rate of BP control was observed. Furthermore, the rate of BP control was significantly associated with prescription adherence (χ2 = 71.316; p < 0.001). Conclusions The degree of prescription adherence and rate of BP control were found to be compatible with other published hypertension studies. However, considerable scope exists for improvement in rational drug utilization and rate of BP control, particularly in high-risk patients. Therefore, treatment guidelines must be followed by clinicians to achieve BP goals and reduce cardiovascular events among the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Rashikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, SAU
| | | | | | - Nemer A Alotaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dawadmi College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Feras Almarshad
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, SAU
| | - Saad M Alsaab
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, SAU
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, SAU
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Ul Sabah Z, Mohammed Alshorfi HA, Ali AlAsiri AA, Aziz S, Wani J, Khan H. Evaluation and Assessment of Community Awareness About Coronary Artery Disease in the Aseer Region. Cureus 2022; 14:e31667. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Awareness of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Among the Population of Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e30084. [PMID: 36381773 PMCID: PMC9640389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity among patients. Many factors are associated with the increasing prevalence of CAD in a population, including diet and lifestyle, physical inactivity, high cholesterol levels, and others. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to assess the awareness level and knowledge about CAD risk factors and its prevalence among the general population in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This study was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out from August 2022 to September 2022 by an online questionnaire previously validated in published studies and then distributed via different social media platforms to assess participants' knowledge of risk factors for CAD. The survey included questions about socio-demographic data and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and their prevalence. RESULTS A total of 2439 participants met the inclusion criteria and finally enrolled in the current study. About 1671 (68.5%) were found to have good awareness levels, 718 (29.4%) of the participants were considered to be having fair awareness levels, and only 50 (2.1%) of the participants were with poor awareness levels. CONCLUSION Most participants have a good level of knowledge and awareness about CAD. Few knowledge gaps were regarding certain factors, including age, gender, and family history of CAD. High educational level and age were found to be linked with a higher level of knowledge regarding CAD.
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Ibrahim SF, Alharbi MS, Alrowili MA, Alaswad SA, Haidarah TA, Alharbi GA, Fayed A. Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Perception and Its Relation to Personal Lifestyle Among Female University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2022; 14:e26255. [PMID: 35898371 PMCID: PMC9308498 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Risk perception is the key component of many health behavior changes. This study identified the deliberative sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk perception among young females during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its implication on their willingness to lifestyle change in the Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. This cross‑sectional study using self‑administered online questionnaires was conducted to reach a total of 797 female university students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results Eighty-six percent of participants showed moderate SCD risk perception, with a mean score of 20.4±4.4. Ninety-six percent of participants had ≥1 established SCD risk factor. A family history of cardiovascular disease and SCD was the most commonly reported risk factor (75.5%), followed by physical inactivity (75.4%). Nearly 60% of participants showed a high willingness to change personal lifestyle behaviors, however, the presence of risk factors did not significantly enhance their willingness tochange in order to control these risk factors. Conclusions This study identifies the deliberative SCD risk perception among young Saudi women and raises the need for preventive health care programs that enhance healthy behaviors among students at high risk, to minimize cardiovascular diseases and fatalities.
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