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Lask M, Stawarczyk B, Reymus M, Meinen J, Mayinger F. Impact of varnishing, coating, and polishing on the chemical and mechanical properties of a 3D printed resin and two veneering composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:466.e1-466.e9. [PMID: 38797579 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fast fabrication of definitive fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). However, data on the effects of surface treatments on their chemical and mechanical properties are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the influence of different surface treatments on a 3D printed resin in comparison with 2 veneering composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 288 specimens were manufactured from a 3D printed resin (VarseoSmile Crownplus) or veneering composite resins (GRADIA PLUS; VITA VM LC flow). Surfaces underwent varnishing, coating, polishing or remain untreated. Conversion rate (DC), surface roughness (SR), Martens parameter, flexural strength (FS), and 3-body wear (3BW) were determined (n=12). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney-U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests (α=.05). RESULTS After polishing, the 3D printed resin showed higher DC, SR, and 3BW but lower Martens parameters compared with veneering composite resins (P<.007). After goat hair brushing, the 3D printed resin showed lower FS than VITA-VCR (P=.043). For the 3D printed resin, goat hair brushing or GC-Varnish reduced SR, while VITA-Varnish showed the lowest 3BW (P<.045). For both veneering composite resins, goat hair brushing led to low SR and 3BW and high EIT and FS (P<.043). Silicone polishing led to low EIT of the 3D printed resin and low EIT and FS of GC-VCR (P<.009). Coating resulted in a lower EIT than the untreated surface and higher 3BW than GC-Varnish (P<.030). CONCLUSIONS The 3D printed resin showed higher DC, SR, 3BW and lower HM, EIT, and FS values than the veneering composite resins. Polishing with a goat hair brush can be recommended for all tested materials. For the 3D printed resin, varnishing presents a promising alternative with regard to SR and 3BW. Silicone polishing and coating cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lask
- Doctoral student, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Professor, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Reymus
- Research Associate, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - John Meinen
- Dental Technician, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felicitas Mayinger
- Research Associate, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kuscu HY, Kurkcuoglu I, Kucukesmen HC. The Impact of Gastric Juice on the Surface Roughness of Surface Sealant-Treated Provisional Restorations. Niger J Clin Pract 2024; 27:304-309. [PMID: 38528349 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_317_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes gastric acid to enter the oral cavity, leading to mucosal changes and deterioration of dental hard tissues and materials. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of gastric juice on the surface roughness of two types of acrylics used in provisional restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acrytemp ® and Temdent acrylic resin discs (10 × 2 mm) totaling 80 were manufactured and divided into eight groups (n = 10). Groups were prepared as follows: Group 1 (Temdent + Universal Polish) (control), Group 2 (Temdent + Universal Polish + Biscover LV), Group 3 (Temdent + Universal Polish + Resin Glaze), Group 4 (Temdent + Universal Polish + Fortify Plus), Group 5 (Acrytemp + Universal Polish) (control), Group 6 (Acrytemp + Universal Polish + Biscover LV), Group 7 (Acrytemp + Universal Polish + Resin Glaze), and Group 8 (Acrytemp + Universal Polish + Fortify Plus). The resin discs were immersed in distilled water for 24 h and in gastric juice (pH = 2) for additional 24 h. The initial and final roughness values of samples were measured and analyzed with non-parametric statistics including Mann-Whitney U-test for pairwise comparison, Kruskall Wallis test for comparing more than two groups, and Wilcoxon signed rank test for within-group comparison (P < 0.05). RESULTS Surface roughness did not differ significantly between control groups. It notably increased for all samples with surface sealants, both initially and after gastric juice immersion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Surface sealants noticeably increased the roughness of two types of acrylic resins. After immersing in gastric juice, Group 4 (Temdent + Universal Polish + Fortify Plus) showed the highest roughness, while the untreated control groups remained the smoothest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hy Yay Kuscu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - I Kurkcuoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H C Kucukesmen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Sánchez-Tito M, Blanco-Victorio D, Chauca-Carhuajulca J. Multivariate analysis of the effect of staining beverages on the optical properties of two provisional restorative materials. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e535-e541. [PMID: 37519320 PMCID: PMC10382161 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the effect of staining beverages on the color stability, translucency and gloss of two provisional restorative materials. Material and Methods Sixty discs (8 mm x 2 mm) were manufactured for Duralay and Protemp 4. The discs were randomly divided according to the beverages: tea, coffee, wine, Coca-Cola and "Chicha morada" (n=12). The discs were polished and initial recordings of color and translucency were made with a spectrophotometer, and the gloss was measured with a glossmeter. The discs were immersed for 5 days in each of the beverages at 37◦C, and the color, translucency and gloss were recorded again. The differences between the initial and final records were calculated to obtain the values of ΔE, ΔTP, ΔGU. For the analysis, the two-way MANOVA model was chosen, and the significance level was set at 5%. Results A significant interaction was observed between the type of material and the staining beverages on the changes observed in the values of ΔE, ΔTP, ΔGU (p<0.05). ΔE values for Duralay and Protemp 4 were affected by coffee (7.48±1.53) and wine (11.02±1.07), respectively. The greatest change in ΔTP for Duralay were generated by tea (-1.79±0.62), and coffee (-5.65±0.66) for Protemp 4. Gloss was affected mainly by coffee for both materials (Duralay = -6.44±1.17 , Protemp 4 = -8.28±1.09). Conclusions The type of material and the pigment drinks act together to influence changes in color, translucency and gloss. The methacrylate-based resin was more stable than the bis-acrylic resin to changes in color, translucency and gloss. Key words:Color, translucency, gloss, staining solutions, interim restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sánchez-Tito
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru
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Ribeiro AKC, de Freitas RFCP, de Carvalho IHG, de Miranda LM, da Silva NR, de Fátima Dantas de Almeida L, Zhang Y, da Fonte Porto Carreiro A, de Assunção E Souza RO. Flexural strength, surface roughness, micro-CT analysis, and microbiological adhesion of a 3D-printed temporary crown material. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2207-2220. [PMID: 36933047 PMCID: PMC10164099 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the thermocycling effect of 3D-printed resins on flexural strength, surface roughness, microbiological adhesion, and porosity. MATERIALS AND METHODS 150 bars (8 × 2 × 2 mm) and 100 blocks (8 × 8 × 2 mm) were made and divided into 5 groups, according to two factors: "material" (AR: acrylic resin, CR: composite resin, BIS: bis-acryl resin, CAD: CAD/CAM resin, and PRINT: 3D-printed resin) and "aging" (non-aged and aged - TC). Half of them were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles). The bars were subjected to mini-flexural strength (σ) test (1 mm/min). All the blocks were subjected to roughness analysis (Ra/Rq/Rz). The non-aged blocks were subjected to porosity analysis (micro-CT; n = 5) and fungal adherence (n = 10). Data were statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA; Tukey's test, α = 0.05). RESULTS For σ, "material" and "aging" factors were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The BIS (118.23 ± 16.26A) presented a higher σ and the PRINT group (49.87 ± 7.55E) had the lowest mean σ. All groups showed a decrease in σ after TC, except for PRINT. The CRTC showed the lowest Weibull modulus. The AR showed higher roughness than BIS. Porosity revealed that the AR (1.369%) and BIS (6.339%) presented the highest porosity, and the CAD (0.002%) had the lowest porosity. Cell adhesion was significantly different between the CR (6.81) and CAD (6.37). CONCLUSION Thermocycling reduced the flexural strength of most provisional materials, except for 3D-printed resin. However, it did not influence the surface roughness. The CR showed higher microbiological adherence than CAD group. The BIS group reached the highest porosity while the CAD group had the lowest values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE 3D-printed resins are promising materials for clinical applications because they have good mechanical properties and low fungal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Mendonça de Miranda
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ramos da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Health Science Center, Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, CEP, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adriana da Fonte Porto Carreiro
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção E Souza
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil.
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5
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Köroğlu A, Şahin O, Küçükekenci AS, Dede DÖ, Yıldırım H, Yilmaz B. Influences of Toothbrushing and Different Toothpastes on the Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Interim Prosthodontic Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175831. [PMID: 36079211 PMCID: PMC9457516 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties and color stability of interim crown materials may vary depending on the toothbrushing procedure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of toothbrushing and different toothpastes on the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability of different interim crown materials. Disc-shaped specimens were prepared from four interim crown materials (Tab 2000 (ChPM), Imident (LaPM), Protemp 4 (ChDM), and Telio-CAD (CadPM)). Specimens were divided into four subgroups for the control group (Cnt) and for simulated toothbrushing with distilled water (Dw) or with two different toothpastes (whitening toothpaste (WTp), activated charcoal toothpaste (ACTp)). The specimens’ Ra values were measured before and after 10,000 cycles of toothbrushing. The color parameters were measured and the color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD tests. A significant increase in the Ra values was observed after toothbrushing, except for the LaPM_Dw, ChDM_Dw, and all the CadPM specimens (p < 0.05). Toothbrushing with toothpastes increased the ΔE00 values of all ChPM and ChDM interim materials (p < 0.05). Before and after all toothbrushing procedures, the CadPM specimens had smoother and ChPM specimens had rougher surfaces than the other interim materials. The two tested toothpastes had similar effects on the Ra of all interim materials. Non-perceivable color changes were seen only with the CadPM_Dw group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Köroğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67600, Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Department of Prosthodontics, DCT Clinic, Antalya 07000, Turkey
| | | | - Doğu Ömür Dede
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey
| | - Hüsniye Yıldırım
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri 38100, Turkey
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Carrillo-Marcos A, Salazar-Correa G, Castro-Ramirez L, Ladera-Castañeda M, López-Gurreonero C, Cachay-Criado H, Aliaga-Mariñas A, Cornejo-Pinto A, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas CF. The Microhardness and Surface Roughness Assessment of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Treated with and without the Application of an Oxygen-Inhibited Layer and a Polishing System: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153053. [PMID: 35956567 PMCID: PMC9370367 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the microhardness and surface roughness of bulk-fill resin composites treated with and without the application of an oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL) and a polishing system. This in vitro experimental study consisted of 72 resin composite blocks divided into three groups: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Opus Bulk Fill APS, and Filtek Bulk Fill. Each resin composite group was further divided into two subgroups: with and without OIL control. Subsequently, surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after polishing. A t-test was used to compare independent and related measures. For the intergroup comparison of variation before and after polishing, the Kruskal−Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc was used considering a significance level of p < 0.05. When comparing surface roughness, significant differences were observed between Opus Bulk Fill resin composite with and without OIL control (p = 0.003) before polishing. The same occurred when comparing Tetric N-Ceram resin composite with and without OIL control (p = 0.039) after polishing. In addition, the surface roughness of Filtek Bulk Fill, Opus Bulk Fill, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill resin composites, with and without OIL control, decreased significantly after polishing (p < 0.001), while surface microhardness significantly increased (p < 0.05), with the exception of Opus Bulk Fill resin with OIL control (p = 0.413). In conclusion, OIL control and polishing significantly improved the surface roughness and surface microhardness of Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill resin composites. However, in the case of Opus Bulk Fill resin composite, only its surface roughness was significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Carrillo-Marcos
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Giuliany Salazar-Correa
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Leonor Castro-Ramirez
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- “Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global”, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 15001 Lima, Peru; (M.L.-C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | | | - Hernán Cachay-Criado
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Ana Aliaga-Mariñas
- “Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global”, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 15001 Lima, Peru; (M.L.-C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Alberto Cornejo-Pinto
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
- “Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global”, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 15001 Lima, Peru; (M.L.-C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | | | - César Félix Cayo-Rojas
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Mondelli RFL, Garrido LDMA, Soares AF, Rodriguez-Medina AD, Mondelli J, de Lucena FS, Furuse AY. Effect of simulated brushing on surface roughness and wear of bis-acryl-based materials submitted to different polishing protocols. J Clin Exp Dent 2022; 14:e168-e176. [PMID: 35173900 PMCID: PMC8842283 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provisional materials must have enough strength to withstand masticatory loads without suffering deformation or fracture, and their surfaces must have good finishing and polishing characteristics to reduce biofilm accumulation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the best polishing protocol for different bis-acryl composite resins in comparison with a conventional resin composite and a self-curing acrylic resin aiming to obtain a smooth restoration surface and resistance to wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and four samples (15 mm length x 5 mm width x 4 mm depth) were prepared and divided into four groups according to the material tested: Protemp 4 and Structur 3 bis-acryl composite resins, Dencor self-curing acrylic resin, Filtek Z350XT conventional composite resin. The polishing procedures were performed with Sof-Lex Pop-On discs or Sof-Lex spirals and abrasion procedures were performed on a brushing machine. The surface roughness was analyzed at three periods (initial, post-polishing and post-brushing) and the wear was evaluated after simulated brushing. The results were submitted to ANOVA followed by the Tukey (α = 0.05). RESULTS Filtek Z350XT groups showed the lowest values of initial surface roughness followed by Structur 3, Protemp 4 and Dencor groups. After polishing and simulated brushing, Filtek Z350XT groups also presented the lowest roughness values, followed by bis-acryl groups (Structur 3 and Protemp 4) and Dencor groups demonstrated the highest surface roughness. Sof-Lex Pop-On discs system exhibited lower roughness values for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Sof-Lex Pop-On discs system promoted the best polishing for all groups. Overall, Filtek Z350XT groups presented lower results for both roughness and wear for all periods evaluated, followed by Protemp 4 and Structur 3, meanwhile Dencor groups presented the highest roughness and wear values for all periods. Key words:Acrylic resin, bis-acryl, brushing, composite resin, polishing, roughness, wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael-Francisco-Lia Mondelli
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lorena-de Mello-Alcântara Garrido
- DDS, MSc. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana-Flávia Soares
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Department of Health, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
| | - Allison-Danitza Rodriguez-Medina
- DDS. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - José Mondelli
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Fernanda-Sandes de Lucena
- DDS, MSc. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Adilson-Yoshio Furuse
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Onwubu SC, Mdluli PS. Comparative Analysis of Abrasive Materials and Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resins. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:573-579. [PMID: 34891181 PMCID: PMC9507551 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this
in vitro
experiment was to see how the operator's manual skills, polishing equipment, and abrasive materials affected the surface roughness of denture base resins.
Materials and Methods
Forty polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimens were created and polished by using two different polishing systems, namely hand and automatic polishing machines. Three operators hand-polished 30 of specimens with eggshell powder and pumice, while 10 were automatically polished (
n
= 5). A profilometer was used to determine the average surface roughness (Ra) after polishing. The Ra values for the specimens hand-polished were analyzed by using paired sample testing. The Ra values for all polished specimens were analyzed by using a one-way ANOVA. Differences between the two abrasive materials as well as the polishing system were determined by using the Bonferonni tests (
p
= 0.05).
Results and Conclusion
For the PMMA specimens hand-polished, there was a strong connection in the Ra values. There were also significant variations in the Ra values across the three operators (
p
< 0.001). The automated technique created a substantially smoother surface than the traditional technique (
p
= 0.001). The greatest Ra values (0.20 µm) were found in specimens polished traditionally by using pumice, whereas the lowest Ra values (0.04 µm) were found in specimens polished mechanically with eggshell powder. The automated polishing system was the most effective polishing method when the Ra values were connected to the level of smoothness.
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9
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Melo CBF, Feitosa MD, Maia SDB, Barreto JO, Peixoto RF, Regis RR. Effect of a continuous mechanical polishing protocol on the color stainability, microhardness, mass, and surface roughness of denture base acrylic resin. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:796-802. [PMID: 34486976 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The acrylic resin used in dental prostheses, which is subject to changes in its properties caused by hygiene chemicals, brushing, and colored beverages, can benefit from mechanical polishing methods. However, studies evaluating whether such procedures can be performed continuously without damaging the prosthetic materials are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of a continuous mechanical polishing protocol on the color stainability, surface roughness, microhardness, and mass of a denture base acrylic resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS The polishing protocol was tested in specimens submitted to one of the following conditions: immersion in coffee (CF) (n=20); toothbrushing (Br, 35 600 cycles in a brushing simulation machine) (n=20); and immersion in 1% sodium hypochlorite (HYP) (n=20). For each condition, half of the specimens were polished (aluminum oxide paste and felt wheel attached to an electric motor, 3000 rpm) at simulated biweekly intervals. Two groups (n=10) of specimens were immersed in distilled water and used as the control for the immersion groups. Thus, the present study consisted of a total of 8 groups (n=80). Before and after simulated periods of 12 and 24 months, surface roughness was evaluated by using a contact profilometer; a spectrophotometer was used to calculate color changes (ΔE00); and a Knoop microdurometer and a precision balance were used to assess microhardness and mass changes. Data were compared by using 2-way mixed ANOVA. The Tukey HSD and Student t tests were used for post hoc analysis (α=.05). RESULTS The polishing influenced surface roughness (Br, CF, HYP: P<.001) and color stainability (Br: P=.008; CF: P<.001). Significant increase in roughness was observed for the Br and HYP groups, and the polishing significantly reduced roughness under all experimental conditions. In general, the polishing did not affect the microhardness and caused minimum wear of the acrylic resin. ΔE00 values were above the clinical perceptibility threshold (ΔE00>1.30) for the Br group, exceeding the clinical acceptability threshold for the CF group (ΔE00= 2.51). Polishing reduced ΔE00 in these groups, making values similar to those found in the groups immersed in distilled water. The color in the HYP group was not influenced by polishing. CONCLUSIONS In general, the tested polishing protocol reduced the deleterious effects of brushing and contact with 1% sodium hypochlorite and coffee, reducing surface roughness and color change without affecting microhardness and mass in any clinically relevant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro B F Melo
- Postgraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Feitosa
- Predoctoral student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Sabrina D B Maia
- Predoctoral student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Joel O Barreto
- Postgraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raniel F Peixoto
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rômulo R Regis
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Gantz L, Fauxpoint G, Arntz Y, Pelletier H, Etienne O. In vitro comparison of the surface roughness of polymethyl methacrylate and bis-acrylic resins for interim restorations before and after polishing. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 125:833.e1-833.e10. [PMID: 33685655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Polymethyl methacrylate and bis-acrylic based resins are widely used for interim restorations. Their initial surface roughness is important because it determines their aesthetic properties and the potential for biofilm adhesion. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the surface roughness and morphology of 6 bis-acrylic and 2 polymethyl methacrylate resins widely used for interim dental restorations, both before and after polishing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens made of different bis-acrylic resins (Protemp 4, Luxatemp Star, Systemp, Telio, Structur Premium, Structur 3) or of polymethyl methacrylate (Unifast Trad, Unifast 3) were polished using a 2-step polishing system (Diatech). The average surface roughness before and after polishing (10 seconds at low speed in dry conditions) was measured by optical profilometry. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze surface morphology. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the differences in roughness among specimens (α=.05), and the Pearson r correlation was computed to assess the relationship between fillers and average surface roughness. RESULTS In the 8 groups evaluated, the roughness significantly increased (P<.001) for Protemp 4 (from 0.12 to 0.50 μm), Luxatemp Star (0.17 to 1.19 μm), Unifast 3 (0.40 to 1.00 μm), Systemp (0.46 to 1.51 μm), Structur 3 (0.85 to 1.06 μm), Structur Premium (1.00 to 1.74 μm), and Telio (1.13 to 1.21 μm), except for Unifast Trad (9.20 to 2.59 μm). Pairwise multiple comparisons identified Protemp 4 as having the smoothest surface before and after polishing, while Unifast Trad was the roughest in both. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the surface roughness of bis-acrylic resins was related to their surface morphology and average filler sizes. A positive relation between fillers and roughness was assessed (r=0.345, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS For the bis-acrylic interim resins, the surface roughness after polishing was correlated to the material used and its filler sizes. Nanofiller-based resins showed the smoothest surfaces. For the polymethyl methacrylate-based resins, the recently marketed Unifast 3 had the lowest overall roughness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gantz
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabriel Fauxpoint
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youri Arntz
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Imaging, INSERM 1121, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Pelletier
- Professor, Department of Mechanics, Charles Sadron Institute, CNRS 22, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Etienne
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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11
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Bond strength of three chairside crown reline materials to milled polymethyl methacrylate resin. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 125:544.e1-544.e8. [PMID: 33243474 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Information on the bond strength of milled polymethyl methacrylate interim restorations when relined with chairside reline materials is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the shear bond strength of various combinations of 3 different chairside reline materials bonded to milled polymethyl methacrylate blocks with 3 different types of surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Uniform blocks (10×10×22 mm) were milled from tooth-colored polymethyl methacrylate disks (Vivid PMMA; Pearson Dental Supply Co). The surface treatments tested were airborne-particle abrasion with 50-μm particle size aluminosilicate, application of acrylic resin monomer (Jet Liquid; Lang Dental Manufacturing Co) for 180 seconds, and airborne-particle abrasion with monomer application. The control groups were blocks with no surface treatment. The chairside reline materials tested were Jet acrylic resin (Jet Powder; Lang Dental Manufacturing Co), bis-acryl resin (Integrity; Dentsply Sirona), and flowable composite resin (Reveal; Bisco). All materials were applied through a Ø1.5×3-mm bonding ring. Ten specimens for each of the 12 groups were tested in a universal testing machine. Load was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Fracture surfaces were then analyzed for cohesive versus adhesive or mixed failure. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post hoc analysis (α=.05). RESULTS The mean shear bond strength values ranged from 1.77 ±0.79 MPa to 28.49 ±5.75 MPa. ANOVA revealed that reline material (P<.05), surface treatment (P<.05), and their interactions (P<.05) significantly affected the shear bond strength among the experimental groups. The strongest combination was Jet acrylic resin applied on specimens treated with airborne-particle abrasion and monomer. All 3 failure modalities (adhesive, cohesive, and mixed modes) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Of the materials tested, the most reliable material to bond to milled polymethyl methacrylate was Jet acrylic resin, and the bond strength values were increased substantially when the milled polymethyl methacrylate surface was airborne-particle abraded and monomer was applied.
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12
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Nassary Zadeh P, Lümkemann N, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B, Kollmuss M. Differences in Radiopacity, Surface Properties, and Plaque Accumulation for CAD/CAM-Fabricated vs Conventionally Processed Polymer-based Temporary Materials. Oper Dent 2020; 45:407-415. [PMID: 31794338 DOI: 10.2341/19-057-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE As temporary materials are often used in prosthetic dentistry, there is need to investigate their behavior in the oral environment. Parameters such as surface roughness and surface free energy correlate to the level of plaque adhesion, which can impact gingival health. SUMMARY
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13
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Cytotoxicity of acrylic resin-based materials used to fabricate interim crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:122.e1-122.e9. [PMID: 32220399 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM If the components in the acrylic resins used to fabricate interim crows are cytotoxic, they can interfere with the integrity of the adjacent periodontal tissue and the dentin-pulp complex. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the cytotoxicity of resin-based materials used to prepare interim crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS The following materials were used in this study: CAR, conventional acrylic resin powder and liquid; BR, bis-acrylic resin; and PAR, pressed acrylic resin of the CAD-CAM type. Glass disks were used as the control (Co). Oral epithelial cells (NOK) were seeded on glass disks and standardized disks prepared with the resins under study. After incubation for 24 hours, the cells were analyzed for viability (Alamar Blue and Live or Dead), adhesion, and morphology (SEM and fluorescence), as well as epidermal growth factor synthesis (EGF-ELISA). The surface roughness (Ra) of test specimens was evaluated under a confocal microscope. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the Tukey HSD statistical tests (α=.05). RESULTS The highest Ra value was observed in BR in comparison with CAR, PAR, and Co (P<.05). The highest viability, adhesion, and EGF synthesis values were determined for the cells in contact with PAR (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-type resin favored adhesion, metabolism, and epithelial cell proliferation, and it was therefore considered cytocompatible.
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Sathe S, Karva S, Borle A, Dhamande M, Jaiswal T, Nimonkar S. "Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Three Polishing Agents on Staining Characteristics of Provisional Restorative Material:" An in vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:250-255. [PMID: 31198697 PMCID: PMC6559038 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_431_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of three various polishing agents on provisional restorative material on immersion in a staining solutions. Objectives: The objective of the study is (1) To evaluate the effect of pumice on staining characteristics of provisional restorative material before and after immersion in chlorhexidine. (2) To evaluate the effect of aluminum oxide paste on staining characteristics of provisional restorative material before and after immersion in chlorhexidine. (3) To evaluate the effect of diamond paste on staining characteristics of provisional restorative material before and after immersion in chlorhexidine. (4) To compare and assess the outcome of three polishing agents on staining characteristics of provisional restorative material. Materials and Methods: Sixty samples (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated of bis-acryl composites (Protemp™ 4) by utilizing a metal mold. The samples were grouped into three groups (n = 20), and various polishing agents were used, including pumice, aluminum oxide paste, and diamond polishing paste. The samples that were not exposed to any polishing agent served as the control group. The samples were kept in a water bath for a day at 37°C and were stained with chlorhexidine mouthwash. The color of all specimens was measured with a spectrophotometer before and after polishing, and color changes (ΔE) were calculated. Results: By using one-way ANOVA, significant difference was found in mean color change in three polishing materials (F = 4.44, P = 0.016). By using Tukey test, statistically significant difference was found among pumice and aluminum oxide paste (P = 0.027), among pumice and diamond paste (P = 0.041) and no significant difference was found among aluminum oxide paste and diamond paste (P = 0.985). Conclusion: Pumice exhibited less staining which was statistically significant when compared with aluminum oxide paste and diamond paste. Hence, it can be considered the most efficient polishing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sathe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Karva
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Borle
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mithilesh Dhamande
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanvi Jaiswal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharayu Nimonkar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Soares IA, Leite PKBDS, Farias OR, Lemos GA, Batista AUD, Montenegro RV. Polishing Methods' Influence on Color Stability and Roughness of 2 Provisional Prosthodontic Materials. J Prosthodont 2019; 28:564-571. [PMID: 30933395 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the roughness and color change of a conventional acrylic resin and a bis-acryl resin, submitted to different types of polishing and exposed to a staining solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred specimens were manufactured from an autopolymerizing conventional acrylic resin (Duralay, shade 66) (n = 50) and a bis-acryl resin (Protemp 4, shade A3) (n = 50) according to the manufacturers' instructions. Specimens were subdivided into 10 groups (n = 10), according to the type of resin and polishing method, including no-polishing (control groups for acrylic resin [tungsten bur finishing] and bis-acryl resin [cotton and alcohol]), Enhance System, Edenta kit, Labordental kit, and sandpaper. The specimens were immersed in a staining solution (coffee at 60°C) for 7 days. Surface roughness was evaluated before the first immersion (baseline - Ra1) and after 7 days (Ra2). The color change (∆E) was determined after 24 hours (∆E1) and 7 days (∆E2), by CIE L* a* b* scale. Data were statistically analyzed with 3-way ANOVA for repeated measures test and Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS According to 3-way ANOVA test, material, polishing techniques, and polishing*material factors exhibited statistically significant influence (p < 0.0001) on the roughness, and, for color change, material, polishing techniques, time, polishing*material, and material*time factors were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The polishing techniques successfully reduced the surface roughness of acrylic resin groups, when compared to control (p < 0.001), but for bis-acryl resin, results were not different from the control group (Enhance: p = 0.954, Edenta: p = 0.866, sandpaper: p = 0.366, Labordental: p = 0.945). Surface roughness was not affected by the immersion in staining solution for 7 days. Color change of acrylic resin groups after 24 hours and 7 days of immersion exhibited a clinically acceptable value (ΔE < 3.7) with the exception of the Enhance group, and all bis-acryl resin groups exhibited a clinically unacceptable color change value (ΔE > 3.7) independent of polishing technique and time interval (∆E1 and ∆E2). CONCLUSIONS Roughness of both materials was similar when the polishing techniques studied were performed, although Ra values were superior to the clinically acceptable values (0.20 µm), and were not affected by the immersion protocol studied; however, when esthetics are critical, the selection of material type is more important than the surface treatment technique used, and bis-acryl resin was more susceptible to clinically unacceptable color change after immersion in a staining solution.
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Perchyonok VT, Souza J, Küll MF, Suzuki TYU, Maluly-Proni AT, Santos PHD. Color stability and surface roughness of chitosan- and nanodiamond-modified bisacrylic resin. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e024. [PMID: 30970089 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chitosan or nanodiamond incorporation on the color stability and surface roughness of a bisacrylic resin subjected to artificial aging. Four bisacrylic resins were evaluated, namely, control, chitosan-modified material, nanodiamond-modified material, and chitosan-nanodiamond-modified material. Twenty-four specimens were prepared for each material. The surface roughness was determined using a profilometer with a cut-off of 0.25 mm. The baseline color was measured according to the CIE L*a*b* system using a reflectance spectrophotometer. After these tests, the specimens were individually immersed in cola soft drink, red wine, or distilled water (n = 8) for 28 days. After the aging, the surface roughness and final color were re-evaluated. The color stability was determined using the difference between the coordinates obtained before and after the aging process. The data on roughness and color change were evaluated using ANOVA and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). The results show that the incorporation of nanodiamonds and chitosan into a bisacrylic resin provided a better color stability to the materials (p = 0.007). The storage in red wine resulted in a higher variation in the surface roughness values, especially when only the nanodiamond was incorporated to the material (p < 0.05). The incorporation of both chitosan and nanodiamonds are promising in providing an improvement in the properties of the bisacrylic resin when they are simultaneously incorporated in the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Souza
- TAFE Queensland Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marcela Fernanda Küll
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Maluly-Proni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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