Oral hygiene status, oral hygiene practices and periodontal health of brick kiln workers of Odisha

Oral Health and Lifestyle Factors in Rural Adults of Jharkhand, India

Background

There is a lack of health care facilities and poor oral health awareness among the rural adult population of Jharkhand which may significantly influence oral health status and lifestyle scores.

Aim

To assess the oral hygiene status, lifestyle factors, and various risk factors associated with poor lifestyle scores in the rural adult population of Jharkhand.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included 400 rural adults (35-44 years) populations. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect sociodemographic data and data on oral hygiene practices. Lifestyle factors were assessed using Health Practice Index (HPI). Oral health status was assessed using the oral health assessment proforma provided by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Results

A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) prevalence of tobacco consumption was reported by males (94.0%) compared to females (4.0%). The males (54.0%) reported significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) poor lifestyle scores compared to females (38.0%). A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) number of oromucosal lesions (13.0%) was found in males compared to females (1.0%). There was a significant difference (p value < 0.0001) in the oral hygiene status between males and females with majority of males (60.0%) having poor oral hygiene. A bivariate analysis was performed, and unadjusted odds ratio was computed. The factors that became significant were then entered into logistic regression model (enter method). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that education (OR = 0.3, p value = 0.003), systemic diseases/long-term medication (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004), tobacco consumption (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.006), oral hygiene status (OR = 2.4, p value = 0.007), and dental caries (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004) were significant predictors of poor lifestyle scores.

Conclusion

The rural adult population in Jharkhand has poor oral hygiene status and poor lifestyle scores. It is important to raise awareness regarding good oral hygiene and the negative effects of tobacco consumption. The dental visit should be encouraged, and the concept of preventive care needs to be instilled.

Impact of an Educational Intervention on Oral Health Knowledge and Bacterial Plaque Control in Male Secondary School Students in a Peruvian Province: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on oral health knowledge and bacterial plaque control in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study evaluated 294 male secondary school students in southern Peru. Oral health knowledge was measured with a validated 20-item questionnaire. Bacterial plaque was measured with the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). This was rated as Excellent: 0, Good: 0.1-1.2, Fair: 1.3-3.0 and Poor: 3.1-6.0, before receiving the educational intervention and after four weeks of receiving it. Variables such as age, area of residence, having health professionals as family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents were considered. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered.

Results

The comparison between the level of oral health knowledge and the OHI-S, before and after 4 weeks of receiving the educational intervention, showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in all the categories of the variables studied. Likewise, before the educational intervention, there were significant differences in global knowledge about oral health among the categories of the following variables: age group (p=0.040), area of residence (p<0.001), educational level (father) (p=0.011) and living with parents (p<0.001). However, after four weeks of receiving the educational intervention, no significant differences were observed in all the variables studied (p>0.05). Regarding the OHI-S, no significant differences were observed in any of the variables studied, both before (p>0.05) and after four weeks (p>0.05) of receiving the educational intervention.

Conclusion

After four weeks, the educational intervention significantly improved oral health knowledge and significantly reduced plaque bacterial plaque in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province, regardless of age, area of residence, having health professional family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents.

Assessment of oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha: A cross sectional study

Aim

To assess the oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath temple, Puri, Odisha.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the oral health status among 488 Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, using a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained by utilizing the WHO oral health assessment form for adults-2013. The documented data were assembled, entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The statistical tests applied for the analysis were one-way analysis of variance and the Chi-square test. The P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The majority of the participants, around 30.3%, had an educational qualification of higher secondary, followed by high school, 26.2%. A total of 84.4% of participants cleaned their teeth with a toothbrush. Around 48.0% of participants were consuming paan and 11.7% were gutkha. The majority, 77.8% of the participants had periodontal pockets, and 79.09% of them had 4-5 mm of periodontal loss of attachment. The mean DMFT of all the participants was 5.23 ± 4.71. In the 25-44 and 45-60 years of age groups, 34.2% and 31.4% of the participants had tobacco pouch keratosis. About 72% of the subjects had bleeding gums.

Conclusion

There was a higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among the subjects. The majority of the servitors who had a history of consuming paan were diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions.

Clinical Assessment of the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Efficacy in Mild to Moderate Periodontal Affections: A Simple Randomised Trial

Background and Objectives: Gum disease represents the condition due to the dental plaque and dental calculus deposition on the surfaces of the teeth, followed by ulterior destruction of the periodontal tissues through the host reaction to the pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of study was to present aspects regarding the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease, started from the already certified benefits of HBOT in the general medicine specialties. Materials and Methods: The participant patients in this study (71) required and benefited from specific periodontal disease treatments. All patients included in the trial benefited from the conventional therapy of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) within 24 h. HBOT was performed on the patients of the first group (31), in 20 sessions, of one hour. The patients of the control group (40) did not benefit from HBO therapy. Results: At the end of study, the included patients in HBOT group presented significantly better values of oral health index (OHI-S), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), dental mobility (DM), and periodontal pocket depth (PD) than the patients of the control group. Conclusions: HBOT had beneficial effects on the oral and general health of all patients, because in addition to the positive results in periodontal therapy, some individual symptoms of the patients diminished or disappeared upon completion of this adjuvant therapy.

Periodontal Disease in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Dental Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction:

Periodontitis is chronic disease leading to tooth loss. Oral hygiene practices combined with regular dental examinations keep oral cavity disease free and maintain periodontal health. The primary objective was to find out the prevalence of periodontal disease of patients measured by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index.

Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in department of Periodontics of a tertiary care dental hospital from April to June 2019 after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling and 183 sample size was calculated. Proforma included demographics, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Community Periodontal Index, body mass index, and smoking status. Data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and descriptive statistics were presented as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Results:

Prevalence of periodontal disease corresponding to loss of attachment 1, 2, 3, and 4 was found to in 104 (56.83%) participants. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index score was 1.67±0.89 with “fair” status in majority 114 (62.30%). Gingivitis (Community Periodontal Index 1, 2) was seen in 136 (74.32%). The mean age was 36.37±14.43 years of which 92 (50.27%) were female but smoking was more in males.

Conclusions:

This study suggests deteriorating periodontal health related to age, sex, oral hygiene, smoking, and BMI. As updated information on oral and periodontal health in Nepal is limited, this assessment would help the national policy makers on oral health intervention measures to prevent periodontitis and develop future programs to improve oral health.