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Singh A, Purohit B, Purohit A. Oral malignancy, oral disorders with malignant potential
and their association with smoking and chewing forms of
tobacco: A systematic review and meta-analysis. POPULATION MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/160991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Mullainathan S, Sahuwala A, Chawla G, S G. Assessment of Oral Lesions With Tobacco Usage: A Cross-Sectional Clinicopathological Study in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e33428. [PMID: 36751169 PMCID: PMC9897703 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco usage in the form of smoking or chewing has increased the risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer. These deleterious habits are also related to changes in dentition and the oral mucosa. Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate the oral changes associated with tobacco usage among residents of Sri Ganganagar. Materials and methods This study was conducted among the residents of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India, using stratified cluster random sampling, prestructured questionnaires, and detailed oral examination. A total of 100 patients with a previous history of tobacco usage were enrolled in this study after obtaining informed consent. Age- and gender-matched controls were also evaluated to correlate the findings. Clinical details were documented, including the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), loss of attachment, dental findings, and oral mucosal changes. Suspicious lesions were stained with toluidine blue, and a biopsy was performed for histopathological evaluation. The tabulated results were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA) for significance. Results Attrition, abrasion, and erosion of teeth were more frequent in tobacco users than in controls. Smoker's palate, tobacco pouch keratosis, and leukoplakia were commonly noted mucosal lesions. The mean values of the parameters of the DMFT score (3.560), CPI score (2.190), and loss of attachment score (0.542) were higher among tobacco users, and it was statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Out of 100 patients, 17 had suspicious lesions. It included seven cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), two cases of tobacco pouch keratosis, and eight cases of leukoplakia. Toluidine blue staining and biopsy were performed. Histopathological examination of suspicious lesions revealed hyperkeratosis, various grades of epithelial dysplasia, and differing inflammatory responses. Out of 17 biopsied cases, there were two cases of hyperkeratosis with severe epithelial dysplasia, four cases of hyperkeratosis with moderate epithelial dysplasia, two cases of hyperkeratosis with mild dysplasia, two cases of superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma, five cases of advanced OSMF, and two cases of moderately advanced OSMF. Conclusion Tobacco usage produces visible changes in dentition and latent alterations in the oral mucosa. Suspicious lesions should always be referred for histopathological examination to identify oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer so that prompt treatment could be initiated. Patient education is mandatory to avoid the usage of tobacco in any form.
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Datta M, Guillaud M, Chaitanya N, Shyam N, Palat G, Kumari P, Rapelli V, Jn J, Kumari S, Broughton S, Sutcliffe S, Laronde DM. Use of DNA image cytometry in conducting oral cancer screening in rural India. Cytopathology 2022; 33:600-610. [PMID: 35713951 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral cancer screening can assist in the early detection of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) and prevention of oral cancers. It can be challenging for clinicians to differentiate OPMLs from benign conditions. Adjunct screening tools such as fluorescence visualization (FV) and DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM) have shown success in identifying OPMLs in high-risk clinics. For the first time we aimed to assess these technologies into Indian rural settings and evaluate if these tools helped clinicians identify high-risk lesions during screening. METHODS Dental students and residents screened participants in five screening camps held in villages outside of Hyderabad, India, using extraoral, intraoral, and FV examinations. Lesion and normal tissue brushings were collected for DNA-ICM analysis and cytology. RESULTS Of the 1116 participants screened, 184 lesions were observed in 152 participants. Based on white light examination (WLE), 45 lesions were recommended for biopsy. Thirty-five were completed on site; 25(71%) were diagnosed with low-grade dysplasias (17 mild dysplasia, 8 moderate dysplasia) and the remaining 10 showed no signs of dysplasia. FV loss was noted in all but one dysplastic lesion and showed a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Cytology combined with DNA-ICM had a 64% sensitivity and 86% specificity in detecting dysplasia. CONCLUSION DNA-ICM combined with cytology identified majority of dysplastic lesions and identified additional lesions, which were not considered high-risk during WLE to biopsy on site. Efforts to follow-up with these participants are ongoing. FV identified most high-risk lesions but added limited value over WLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Datta
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martial Guillaud
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C, V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Statistics, The University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Ndvn Shyam
- Government Dental College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gayatri Palat
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Nizam's College, Department of Zoology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vineela Rapelli
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jagannath Jn
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeeva Kumari
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Simon Sutcliffe
- Two Worlds Cancer Collaboration Foundation, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Denise M Laronde
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
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Oivio UM, Pesonen P, Ylipalosaari M, Kullaa A, Salo T. Prevalence of oral mucosal normal variations and lesions in a middle-aged population: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 33298037 PMCID: PMC7727189 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this cross-sectional study we investigated the oral mucosal changes in a middle-aged Finnish population. We analyzed the prevalence of potentially malignant disorders and the influence of smoking, snuff and alcohol use on the mucosal changes. Methods Of the 12,068 members of the NFBC 1966, a total of 1961 participants (16.2%) constituted the study population. Mucosal changes were diagnosed and photographed by seven general dentists, and two specialists re-analyzed all the diagnoses based on the documentation Cross-tabulation with Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results Of the participants, 10.5% had some mucosal changes, of which 81.8% were diagnosed as oral mucosal lesions (OML) and 18.2% as normal variations. Of the normal variations, the most common were Fordyce granules (1.2%), fissured tongue (1.1%) and geographic tongue (0.9%). The most common OMLs were white lesions (6.5%), of which oral lichen planus (OLP) and lichenoid reactions (OLR), grouped as oral lichenoid diseases, were present in 3.5%, males more often (3.8% vs. 3.1%). OLP was found in 1.5% of all participants, females more often (1.8% vs. 1.2%), while OLR was more common in males (2.7% vs. 1.3%). Leukoplakia was identified in 0.5% of the population; twice more often in males (0.6% vs. 0.3%). Erythroplakia was not found. Current smokers had higher risk for oral mucosal changes than former or non-smokers (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.11–4.28), and snuff, used occasionally or regularly, also raised the risk (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.48–4.70). Conclusions In the middle-aged northern Finland population, 4% of OMLs were potentially malignant disorders, including OLR (2%), OLP (1.5%) and leukoplakia (0.5%). In particular, smoking and snuff use increased the risk for having any oral mucosa changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla-Maija Oivio
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Merja Ylipalosaari
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Oral Diagnostics, Educational Dental Clinic, Kuopio University Hospital, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Patel U, Shah R, Patel A, Shah S, Patel D, Patel A. Effect of tobacco in human oral leukoplakia: a cytomorphometric analysis. Med Pharm Rep 2020; 93:273-279. [PMID: 32832892 PMCID: PMC7418830 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tobacco use is one of the most critical risk factors for different oral diseases. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of tobacco on oral mucosa by cytomorphometric analysis of cells with the help of exfoliative cytology and to find out the improvement in diagnostic sensitivity of exfoliative cytology in the detection of dysplastic changes and early oral malignancy. Methods The nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) of cells were measured within cytological smear obtained from leukoplakia lesions of buccal mucosa of 90 tobacco users, 30 smokers (TS), 30 chewers (TC) and 30 with combined habit of smoking and chewing (TSC) and from normal buccal mucosa of 30 non users (NU) of tobacco. Each habit group consisted of 30 tobacco users with oral leukoplakia lesion with mild epithelial dysplasia only. The 30 non-users of tobacco served as controls. The mean values of the CA and NA were obtained for each case, and the nuclear/cytoplasmic area (NA/CA) ratio was calculated. Results The results showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.001) in mean NA and a statistically significant decrease (P<0.001) in mean CA values of tobacco users with leukoplakia as compared to non-users, hence NA/CA ratio value was significantly higher in tobacco users with the lesion. Conclusion The changes in cellular morphology caused by tobacco use can be visualized by use of exfoliative cytology with the help of cytomorphometric analysis. The evaluation of parameters (NA, CA and NA/CA ratio) may increase the sensitivity of exfoliative cytology for the early diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rina Shah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Index College of Dental Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alpesh Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shreyas Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology, K.M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhruva Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Srivastava R, Sharma L, Pradhan D, Jyoti B, Singh O. Prevalence of oral premalignant lesions and conditions among the population of Kanpur City, India: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1080-1085. [PMID: 32318471 PMCID: PMC7114062 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_912_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The habit of smoking and chewing tobacco is associated with various types of oral mucosal lesions and conditions, many of which pose a potential threat to cancer growth. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of potentially malignant lesions (PML) and oral cancer in North India and to identify the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Rama Dental College Hospital and research center Kanpur over a period of 5 years with1,10,625 patients. Participants were divided into study group with a positive history of the chewing habit as well as oral lesions and control group who had a positive history of habits with no oral lesions. Detailed case history and clinical examination were carried out under visible light by trained professionals to assess any oral mucosal changes. Results The study group consisted of 76.31% males and 23.69% females. In total, 84.34% participants in the study group were literate. However, 57.56% subjects were having oral submucous fibrosis, 23.7% were having leukoplakia, 13.12% were having Lichen planus, and 5.62% were having oral cancer. Conclusion Results from the present study indicate that tobacco smoking, chewing of betel quid with and/or without tobacco chewing are the major risk factors for PML and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Srivastava
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, India
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Devina Pradhan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, India
| | - Bhuvan Jyoti
- Department of Dental Surgery, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Omveer Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar S, Narayanan VS, Ananda SR, Kavitha AP, Krupashankar R. Prevalence and risk indicators of oral mucosal lesions in adult population visiting primary health centers and community health centers in Kodagu district. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2337-2342. [PMID: 31463253 PMCID: PMC6691453 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_344_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Utilization of primary health center (PHC) and community health center (CHC) could be one of the few practical approaches in early detection of oral cancers and potentially malignant disorder (PMD). This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesion (OML) and its associated risk factors among the adult population of Kodagu district. Methodology: 1048 patients, 18 years of age and above, attending the outpatient department of PHC and CHC in Kodagu district comprised the study population. The World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form, cinical examination, and demographic factors were recorded using a proforma. Chi-square test and contingency coefficient and logistic regression were applied to check statistical differences. Results: The overall prevalence of OML was found to be 18.89%. Prevalence of PMD was 5.63%. Prevalence of PMD was highest among the elementary occupation (15.63%). Two cases of oral cancer were identified. There was a significant association of PMD with the age group of 41–60 years. Leukoplakia was strongly associated with male gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.83, P < 0.001]. Smoking and chewing were significant risk factors associated with leukoplakia (OR 11.05, P < 0.001) and oral submucous fibrosis (OR 4.63, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of OML in the study population was 18.89%. A high prevalence of PMD in the population could be attributed to the associated risk factors such as smoking, chewing habits, and alcohol use. Utilization of PHC and CHC could be a useful strategy to detect previously undiagnosed OML including PMD and cancerous lesions among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendhil Kumar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena S Narayanan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Ananda
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - A P Kavitha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - R Krupashankar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
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