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Gavinho SR, Hammami I, Jakka SK, Teixeira SS, Silva JC, Borges JP, Graça MPF. Influence of the Addition of Zinc, Strontium, or Magnesium Oxides to the Bioglass 45S5 Network on Electrical Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:499. [PMID: 38276437 PMCID: PMC10820946 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
45S5 Bioglass has been widely used in regenerative medicine due to its ability to dissolve when inserted into the body. Its typically amorphous structure allows for an ideal dissolution rate for the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer, which is important for the development of new bone. This bioactive capacity can also be controlled by adding other oxides (e.g., SrO, ZnO, and MgO) to the 45S5 Bioglass network or by storing electrical charge. Ions such as zinc, magnesium, and strontium allow for specific biological responses to be added, such as antibacterial action and the ability to increase the rate of osteoblast proliferation. The charge storage capacity allows for a higher rate of bioactivity to be achieved, allowing for faster attachment to the host bone, decreasing the patient's recovery time. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the variation in the structure of the bioglass with regard to the amount of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs), which is important for the bioactivity rate not to be compromised, and also its influence on the electrical behavior relevant to its potential as electrical charge storage. Thus, several bioactive glass compositions were synthesized based on the 45S5 Bioglass formulation with the addition of various concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2, mol%) of zinc, strontium, or magnesium oxides. The influence of the insertion of these oxides on the network was evaluated by studying the amount of NBOs using Raman spectroscopy and their implication on the electrical behavior. Electrical characterization was performed in ac (alternating current) and dc (direct current) regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rodrigues Gavinho
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Jakka
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Sílvia Soreto Teixeira
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - João Paulo Borges
- I3N-CENIMAT and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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Hammami I, Gavinho SR, Jakka SK, Valente MA, Graça MPF, Pádua AS, Silva JC, Sá-Nogueira I, Borges JP. Antibacterial Biomaterial Based on Bioglass Modified with Copper for Implants Coating. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:369. [PMID: 37504864 PMCID: PMC10381177 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related implant infections pose a substantial threat to patients, leading to inflammation in the surrounding tissue, and often resulting in implant loss and the necessity for additional surgeries. Overcoming this implantology challenge is crucial to ensure the success and durability of implants. This study shows the development of antibacterial materials for implant coatings by incorporating copper into 45S5 Bioglass®. By combining the regenerative properties of Bioglass® with the antimicrobial effects of copper, this material has the potential to prevent infections, enhance osseointegration and improve the long-term success of implants. Bioglasses modified with various concentrations of CuO (from 0 to 8 mol%) were prepared with the melt-quenching technique. Structural analysis using Raman and FTIR spectroscopies did not reveal significant alterations in the bioglasses structure with the addition of Cu. The antibacterial activity of the samples was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the results demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth for the bioglass with 0.5 mol% of CuO. Cell viability studies indicated that the samples modified with up to 4 mol% of CuO maintained good cytocompatibility with the Saos-2 cell line at extract concentrations up to 25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the bioactivity assessment demonstrated the formation of a calcium phosphate (CaP)-rich layer on the surfaces of all bioglasses within 24 h. Our findings show that the inclusion of copper in the bioglass offers a significant enhancement in its potential as a coating material for implants, resulting in notable advancements in both antibacterial efficacy and osteointegration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Suresh Kumar Jakka
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Sofia Pádua
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Nogueira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- I3N-CENIMAT and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Hammami I, Gavinho SR, Pádua AS, Sá-Nogueira I, Silva JC, Borges JP, Valente MA, Graça MPF. Bioactive Glass Modified with Zirconium Incorporation for Dental Implant Applications: Fabrication, Structural, Electrical, and Biological Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10571. [PMID: 37445749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantology is crucial for restoring aesthetics and masticatory function in oral rehabilitation. Despite its advantages, certain issues, such as bacterial infection, may still arise that hinder osseointegration and result in implant rejection. This work aims to address these challenges by developing a biomaterial for dental implant coating based on 45S5 Bioglass® modified by zirconium insertion. The structural characterization of the glasses, by XRD, showed that the introduction of zirconium in the Bioglass network at a concentration higher than 2 mol% promotes phase separation, with crystal phase formation. Impedance spectroscopy was used, in the frequency range of 102-106 Hz and the temperature range of 200-400 K, to investigate the electrical properties of these Bioglasses, due to their ability to store electrical charges and therefore enhance the osseointegration capacity. The electrical study showed that the presence of crystal phases, in the glass ceramic with 8 mol% of zirconium, led to a significant increase in conductivity. In terms of biological properties, the Bioglasses exhibited an antibacterial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and did not show cytotoxicity for the Saos-2 cell line at extract concentrations up to 25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the results of the bioactivity test revealed that within 24 h, a CaP-rich layer began to form on the surface of all the samples. According to our results, the incorporation of 2 mol% of ZrO2 into the Bioglass significantly improves its potential as a coating material for dental implants, enhancing both its antibacterial and osteointegration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Sofia Pádua
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Nogueira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- I3N-CENIMAT and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Wu N, Gao H, Wang X, Pei X. Surface Modification of Titanium Implants by Metal Ions and Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2970-2990. [PMID: 37184344 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Implant surface modification can improve osseointegration and reduce peri-implant inflammation. Implant surfaces are modified with metals because of their excellent mechanical properties and significant functions. Metal surface modification is divided into metal ions and nanoparticle surface modification. These two methods function by adding a finishing metal to the surface of the implant, and both play a role in promoting osteogenic, angiogenic, and antibacterial properties. Based on this, the nanostructural surface changes confer stronger antibacterial and cellular affinity to the implant surface. The current paper reviews the forms, mechanisms, and applications of nanoparticles and metal ion modifications to provide a foundation for the surface modification of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Extensive Investigation on the Effect of Niobium Insertion on the Physical and Biological Properties of 45S5 Bioactive Glass for Dental Implant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065244. [PMID: 36982320 PMCID: PMC10049186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants have emerged as one of the most consistent and predictable treatments in the oral surgery field. However, the placement of the implant is sometimes associated with bacterial infection leading to its loss. In this work, we intend to solve this problem through the development of a biomaterial for implant coatings based on 45S5 Bioglass® modified with different amounts of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). The structural feature of the glasses, assessed by XRD and FTIR, did not change in spite of Nb2O5 incorporation. The Raman spectra reveal the Nb2O5 incorporation related to the appearance of NbO4 and NbO6 structural units. Since the electrical characteristics of these biomaterials influence their osseointegration ability, AC and DC electrical conductivity were studied by impedance spectroscopy, in the frequency range of 102–106 Hz and temperature range of 200–400 K. The cytotoxicity of glasses was evaluated using the osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells line. The in vitro bioactivity studies and the antibacterial tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that the samples loaded with 2 mol% Nb2O5 had the highest bioactivity and greatest antibacterial effect. Overall, the results showed that the modified 45S5 bioactive glasses can be used as an antibacterial coating material for implants, with high bioactivity, being also non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells.
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Bunz O, Steegmann MC, Benz K, Testrich H, Quade A, Naumova EA, Arnold WH, Fricke K, Piwowarczyk A, Dittmar T. Human Gingival Fibroblast Adhesion and Proliferation on Hydroxyapatite-Coated Zirconia Abutment Surfaces. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103625. [PMID: 35629651 PMCID: PMC9145355 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Applying antibacterial coatings to dental implant materials seems reasonable but can have negative influences on desired cell adhesion and healing. In this study, zirconia abutment specimens interacting with gingival tissue were used. The aim was to compare the influence of machined or coated zirconia surfaces on the adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). Surface modifications were performed using atmospheric plasma coating with hydroxyapatite, zinc, and copper. Zirconia specimens were divided into four groups: hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite with zinc oxide (ZnO), hydroxyapatite with copper (Cu), and an untreated machined surface. After the characterization of the surface conditions, the morphology of adhered HGF-1 was determined by fluorescence staining and subjected to statistical evaluation. The visual analysis of cell morphology by SEM showed flat, polygonal, and largely adherent fibroblast cells in the untreated group, while round to partially flat cells were recorded in the groups with hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite + ZnO, and hydroxyapatite + Cu. The cell membranes in the hydroxyapatite + ZnO and hydroxyapatite + Cu groups appeared porous. The results show that HGF-1 adhere and proliferate well on machined zirconia, while plasma coating with hydroxyapatite or hydroxyapatite mixtures does not lead to increased adhesion or proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bunz
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Korbinian Benz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Dental Emergency Care, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Holger Testrich
- Research Group of Bioactive Surfaces, INP Greifswald e.V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.T.); (A.Q.); (K.F.)
| | - Antje Quade
- Research Group of Bioactive Surfaces, INP Greifswald e.V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.T.); (A.Q.); (K.F.)
| | - Ella A. Naumova
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (E.A.N.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Wolfgang H. Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (E.A.N.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Katja Fricke
- Research Group of Bioactive Surfaces, INP Greifswald e.V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.T.); (A.Q.); (K.F.)
| | - Andree Piwowarczyk
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany;
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Graphene–Chitosan Hybrid Dental Implants with Enhanced Antibacterial and Cell-Proliferation Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dental implants are widely used tooth replacement tools owing to their good oral rehabilitation and reconstruction capacities. Since dental implants are designed as a replacement for natural teeth, multi-functional abilities are desired to achieve successful implant treatment with improved osseointegration through promotion of mammalian cell activity and prevention of bacterial cell activity. In this study, we developed a graphene–chitosan hybrid dental implant (GC hybrid implant) using various concentrations of graphene, which demonstrated the different surface properties including increased wettability and roughness. Importantly, the GC hybrid implant under the optimal condition (i.e., 1% GC hybrid implant) could significantly promote osteoblast proliferation while reducing biofilm formation and bacterial activity. Our study demonstrates the potential of using this GC hybrid implant as a new type of dental implant, which can offer an effective design for the fabrication of advanced dental implants.
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Buxadera-Palomero J, Godoy-Gallardo M, Molmeneu M, Punset M, Gil FJ. Antibacterial Properties of Triethoxysilylpropyl Succinic Anhydride Silane (TESPSA) on Titanium Dental Implants. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E773. [PMID: 32244655 PMCID: PMC7240528 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections related to dental implants are a common complication that can ultimately lead to implant failure, and thereby carries significant health and economic costs. In order to ward off these infections, this paper explores the immobilization of triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA, TSP) silane onto dental implants, and the interaction of two distinct monospecies biofilms and an oral plaque with the coated titanium samples. To this end, titanium disks from prior machining were first activated by a NaOH treatment and further functionalized with TESPSA silane. A porous sodium titanate surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of TESPSA on the titanium samples (8.4% for Ti-N-TSP). Furthermore, a lactate dehydrogenase assay concluded that TESPSA did not have a negative effect on the viability of human fibroblasts. Importantly, the in vitro effect of modified surfaces against Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus salivarius and oral plaque were studied using a viable bacterial adhesion assay. A significant reduction was achieved in all cases but, as expected, with different effectiveness against simple mono-species biofilm (ratio dead/live of 0.4) and complete oral biofilm (ratio dead/live of 0.6). Nevertheless, this approach holds a great potential to provide dental implants with antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Buxadera-Palomero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (J.B.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.)
- Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), C. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain;
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), C. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Meritxell Molmeneu
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (J.B.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.)
- Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Punset
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (J.B.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.)
- Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- UPC Innovation and Technology Center (CIT-UPC), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), C. Jordi Girona 3-1, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), C. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain;
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), C. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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Bioactive Coating on Titanium Dental Implants for Improved Anticorrosion Protection: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive studies have been continuously undertaken on the design of bioactive and biomimetic dental implant surfaces due to the need for improvement of the implant–bone interface properties. In this paper, the titanium dental implant surface was modified by bioactive vitamin D3 molecules by a self-assembly process in order to form an improved anticorrosion coating. Surface characterization of the modified implant was performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and contact angle measurements (CA). The implant’s electrochemical stability during exposure to an artificial saliva solution was monitored in situ by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results obtained were corroborated by means of quantum chemical calculations at the density functional theory level (DFT). The formation mechanism of the coating onto the titanium implant surface was proposed. During a prolonged immersion period, the bioactive coating effectively prevented a corrosive attack on the underlying titanium (polarization resistance in order of 107 Ω cm2) with ~95% protection effectiveness.
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