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Yang P, Ma G, Lu T, Zhou J, Fan H, Zhang X, Fan S, Xiao X. The influence of the oral microbiota in full-term pregnant women on immune regulation during pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104298. [PMID: 39002425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to conduct a preliminary exploration of the correlation between the oral microbiota of full-term pregnant women and both local placental immunity and the systemic immune system of the mother. METHODS A total of 26 pregnant women participated in this study, with samples collected from oral swabs, placental tissue, and peripheral venous blood. High-throughput sequencing was used to examine the oral microbial community. Flow cytometry was employed to assess immune cells in placental tissue and peripheral venous blood. ELISA and Luminex liquid bead chip technology were utilized to detect cytokines in both placental tissue and peripheral venous blood. RESULTS In placental tissue, The oral microbial community is primarily negatively correlated with placental CD3+CD4+CD8+T cells and positively correlated with placental IL-5. In the peripheral blood, The oral microbial community is primarily positively correlated with maternal systemic immune parameters, including CD3+CD4+ T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, as well as positively correlated with peripheral IL-18. CONCLUSIONS The oral microbiota of full-term pregnant women participates in the regulatory function of the maternal immune system. Meanwhile, the oral microbial community may also be an important factor mediating local immune regulation in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangyu Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Long Hua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolong Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shangrong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomin Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lima KM, Alves CM, Vidal FC, Gomes-Filho IS, Costa JC, Coletta RD, Rodrigues VP, Lopes FF. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella in women with periodontitis and preterm birth. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2023; 28:e450-e456. [PMID: 37622431 PMCID: PMC10499342 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies try to explain the hypothesis that maternal periodontitis may be associated with preterm birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a case-control study with 120, 40 cases (gestational age <37 weeks) and 80 controls (gestational age ≥37 weeks), that were submitted to the clinical periodontal examination and subgingival biofilm collection. Bacterial DNA of subgingival biofilm was performed and processed by qPCR. RESULTS Periodontitis was statistically significant in the Case group (35%) when compared to the Control group (11.2%) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), sites with PS ≥ 4mm and sites with CAL ≥ 5mm were statistically higher in the Case group (p < 0.05). The proportions of Pi (p = 0.026) and Fn (p = 0.041) of subgingival biofilm were higher in the Case group. A greater number of sites with PS ≥ 4mm (r = -0.202; p = 0.026) and CAL ≥ 5mm (r = -0.322; p < 0.001) were correlated to lower gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis, preterm delivery, and/or low birth weight may have a possible relationship based on clinical parameters and the ratio of Pi and Fn at periodontal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-M Lima
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado São Luís, MA 65085-580, Brazil
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An SJ, Ha KW, Jun HK, Kim HY, Choi BK. Reduced proinflammatory activity of outer membrane vesicles of Tannerella forsythia treated with quorum sensing inhibitors. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:71-81. [PMID: 35866308 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of bacteria harbor physiologically active molecules, and quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are expected to regulate bacterial virulence. In this study, we analyzed the proinflammatory activity of OMVs of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia treated with d-arabinose and d-galactose as QSIs, which inhibit the biofilm formation of periodontal pathogens and autoinducer 2 activity. Compared to OMVs of nontreated T. forsythia (TF OMVs), OMVs released from QSI-treated T. forsythia, designated TF ara-OMVs and TF gal-OMVs, showed reduced production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in THP-1 monocytes through decreased activation of NF-κB/MAPKs. Using a human NF-κB reporter cell line and bone marrow-derived macrophages from TLR2-/- mice, TF ara-OMVs and TF gal-OMVs showed less activation of TLR2 than TF OMVs. These results demonstrated that QSIs provide a dual advantage against bacterial infection by inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and generating OMVs with reduced proinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jin An
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Ha
- Bone Science R&D Center, Osstem Implant Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyoung Jun
- Bone Science R&D Center, Osstem Implant Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nannan M, Xiaoping L, Ying J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Progress in related mechanisms and management strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:963956. [PMID: 36388896 PMCID: PMC9640773 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.963956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of tissues supporting the tooth. A large number of studies have confirmed that periodontal pathogens and their metabolites can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes in direct or indirect ways. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and pre-eclampsia, have a serious impact on human reproductive health. In recent years, although the level of global medical technology has gradually improved, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes has not declined and is still a global public health problem. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current data on periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the pathogenic mechanism related to this association, the efficacy of different nutrition supplements for both periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the effect of providing periodontal treatment on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin Ying
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Teles F, Collman RG, Mominkhan D, Wang Y. Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:190-206. [PMID: 35244970 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seminal studies published in the 1990s and 2000s explored connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, revealing potential contributions of periodontal diseases in the initiation or worsening of systemic conditions. The resulting field of periodontal medicine led to the publication of studies indicating that periodontal diseases can influence the risk of systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as Alzheimer disease and cancers. In general, these studies hypothesized that the periodontal bacterial insult and/or the associated proinflammatory cascade could contribute to the pathogenesis of these systemic diseases. While investigations of the biological basis of the connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions generally emphasized the bacteriome, it is also biologically plausible, under an analogous hypothesis, that other types of organisms may have a similar role. Human viruses would be logical "suspects" in this role, given their ubiquity in the oral cavity, association with periodontal diseases, and ability to elicit strong inflammatory response, compromise immune responses, and synergize with bacteria in favor of a more pathogenic microbial consortium. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of viruses in connecting periodontal diseases and systemic conditions is examined. We will also delve into the mechanistic basis for such connections and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine & School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana Mominkhan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Andonova I, Iliev V. Oral Anaerobic Microflora and Pregnancy Complication. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis and periodontal diseases share very similar pathogenesis. Each of these diseases occurs when healthy microbiome changes to predominately anaerobic bacterial flora. Bacterial vaginosis is proven factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. In recent years it has been hypothesized that infection from distant sites of the fetoplacental unit may also elicit an inflammatory response in utero. Aim: The study is designed to determine whether the presence of specific oral anaerobic bacteria in subgingival sulcus of mother increase the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes. Material and Methods: Case-control study. Control group: 50 patients who gave birth to neonate whit normal birth weight at term. Group cases: I group - 40 pregnant women who were hospitalized with signs of preterm labor. II - 20 pregnant women, who have an ultrasound diagnosis of fetal growth retardation. Sub-gingival microbiological paper-point swab was taken in all patients. Results: The total number of isolated oral anaerobic bacteria was statistically significantly higher in the cases group compared to control group p <0.01. In our study, pregnant women who tested positive for Porphyrmonas gingivalis for 6.65 times were more likely to have preterm labor compare with pregnant women with negative oral swabs (95.0% CI: 1.38-32.11 / p <0.05), and for 2,79 times more likely to have fetus with intrauterine growth restriction (95.0% CI: 1.10-7.91 / p <0.05 Conclusions: The study confirmed the hypothesis of a statistically significant association between oral anaerobic infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the future, more studies are needed to investigate the role of the microbial load, maternal immune response, pathophysiological pathway that leads to negative pregnancy outcome.
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Oral microflora and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16870. [PMID: 34413437 PMCID: PMC8377136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding changes in oral flora during pregnancy, its association to maternal health, and its implications to birth outcomes is essential. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in May 2020 (updated search in April and June 2021), and conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the followings: (1) oral microflora changes throughout pregnancy, (2) association between oral microorganisms during pregnancy and maternal oral/systemic conditions, and (3) implications of oral microorganisms during pregnancy on birth outcomes. From 3983 records, 78 studies were included for qualitative assessment, and 13 studies were included in meta-analysis. The oral microflora remains relatively stable during pregnancy; however, pregnancy was associated with distinct composition/abundance of oral microorganisms when compared to postpartum/non-pregnant status. Oral microflora during pregnancy appears to be influenced by oral and systemic conditions (e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, etc.). Prenatal dental care reduced the carriage of oral pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus mutans). The Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque was more abundant in women with preterm birth. Given the results from meta-analyses were inconclusive since limited studies reported outcomes on the same measuring scale, more future studies are needed to elucidate the association between pregnancy oral microbiota and maternal oral/systemic health and birth outcomes.
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