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柯 志, 黄 子, 何 若, 张 倩, 陈 思, 崔 忠, 丁 晶. [ Hmga2 knockdown enhances osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and accelerates bone defect healing in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:1227-1235. [PMID: 39051068 PMCID: PMC11270651 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.07.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and the effect of Hmga2 knockdown for promoting bone defect repair. METHODS Bioinformatics studies using the GEO database and Rstudio software identified HMGA2 as a key factor in adipogenic-osteogenic differentiation balance of ADSCs. The protein-protein interaction network of HMGA2 in osteogenic differentiation was mapped using String and visualized with Cytoscape to predict the downstream targets of HMGA2. Primary mouse ADSCs (mADSCs) were transfected with Hmga2 siRNA, and the changes in osteogenic differentiation of the cells were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red S staining. The expressions of osteogenic markers Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcein (OCN) in the transfected cells were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. In a mouse model of critical-sized calvarial defects, mADSCs with Hmga2-knockdown were transplanted into the defect, and bone repair was evaluated 6 weeks later using micro-CT scanning and histological staining. RESULTS GEO database analysis showed that HMGA2 expression was upregulated during adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Protein-protein interaction network analysis suggested that the potential HMGA2 targets in osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs included SMAD7, CDH1, CDH2, SNAI1, SMAD9, IGF2BP3, and ALDH1A1. In mADSCs, Hmga2 knockdown significantly upregulated the expressions of RUNX2, OPN, and OCN and increased cellular alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. In a critical-sized calvarial defect model, transplantation of mADSCs with Hmga2 knockdown significantly promoted new bone formation. CONCLUSION HMGA2 is a crucial regulator of osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs, and Hmga2 knockdown significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs and accelerates ADSCs-mediated bone defect repair in mice.
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Shah P, Aghazadeh M, Rajasingh S, Dixon D, Jain V, Rajasingh J. Stem cells in regenerative dentistry: Current understanding and future directions. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:288-299. [PMID: 38403241 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative dentistry aims to enhance the structure and function of oral tissues and organs. Modern tissue engineering harnesses cell and gene-based therapies to advance traditional treatment approaches. Studies have demonstrated the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative dentistry, with some progressing to clinical trials. This review comprehensively examines animal studies that have utilized MSCs for various therapeutic applications. Additionally, it seeks to bridge the gap between related findings and the practical implementation of MSC therapies, offering insights into the challenges and translational aspects involved in transitioning from preclinical research to clinical applications. HIGHLIGHTS To achieve this objective, we have focused on the protocols and achievements related to pulp-dentin, alveolar bone, and periodontal regeneration using dental-derived MSCs in both animal and clinical studies. Various types of MSCs, including dental-derived cells, bone-marrow stem cells, and umbilical cord stem cells, have been employed in root canals, periodontal defects, socket preservation, and sinus lift procedures. Results of such include significant hard tissue reconstruction, functional pulp regeneration, root elongation, periodontal ligament formation, and cementum deposition. However, cell-based treatments for tooth and periodontium regeneration are still in early stages. The increasing demand for stem cell therapies in personalized medicine underscores the need for scientists and responsible organizations to develop standardized treatment protocols that adhere to good manufacturing practices, ensuring high reproducibility, safety, and cost-efficiency. CONCLUSION Cell therapy in regenerative dentistry represents a growing industry with substantial benefits and unique challenges as it strives to establish sustainable, long-term, and effective oral tissue regeneration solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shah
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marziyeh Aghazadeh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Douglas Dixon
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vinay Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Thongsri O, Thaitalay P, Srisuwan S, Khophai S, Suksaweang S, Rojviriya C, Panpisutd P, Patntirapong S, Gough J, Rattanachan ST. Enhanced remineralisation ability and antibacterial properties of sol-gel glass ionomer cement modified by fluoride containing strontium-based bioactive glass or strontium-containing fluorapatite. Dent Mater 2024; 40:716-727. [PMID: 38395738 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare two types of bioactive additives which were strontium-containing fluorinated bioactive glass (SrBGF) or strontium-containing fluorapatite (SrFA) added to sol-gel derived glass ionomer cement (SGIC). The objective was to develop antibacterial and mineralisation properties, using bioactive additives, to minimize the occurrence of caries lesions in caries disease. METHODS Synthesized SrBGF and SrFA nanoparticles were added to SGIC at 1 wt% concentration to improve antibacterial properties against S. mutans, promote remineralisation, and hASCs and hDPSCs viability. Surface roughness and ion-releasing behavior were also evaluated to clarify the effect on the materials. Antibacterial activity was measured via agar disc diffusion and bacterial adhesion. Remineralisation ability was assessed by applying the material to demineralised teeth and subjecting them to a 14-day pH cycle, followed by microCT and SEM-EDS analysis. RESULTS The addition of SrFA into SGIC significantly improved its antibacterial property. SGIC modified with either SrBGF or SrFA additives could similarly induce apatite crystal precipitation onto demineralised dentin and increase dentin density, indicating its ability to remineralise dentin. Moreover, this study also showed that SGIC modified with SrBGF or SrFA additives had promising results on the in vitro cytotoxicity of hASC and hDPSC. SIGNIFICANT SrFA has superior antibacterial property as compared to SrBGF while demonstrating equal remineralisation ability. Furthermore, the modified SGIC showed promising results in reducing the cytotoxicity of hASCs and hDPSCs, indicating its potential for managing caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranich Thongsri
- School of Ceramic Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Paritat Thaitalay
- School of Ceramic Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Srisuwan
- School of Ceramic Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sasikamon Khophai
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sanong Suksaweang
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Catleya Rojviriya
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyaphong Panpisutd
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Somying Patntirapong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Julie Gough
- Department of Materials and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sirirat Tubsungnoen Rattanachan
- School of Ceramic Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Daneshian Y, Lewallen EA, Badreldin AA, Dietz AB, Stein GS, Cool SM, Ryoo HM, Cho YD, van Wijnen AJ. Fundamentals and Translational Applications of Stem Cells and Biomaterials in Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Regenerative Medicine. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:37-60. [PMID: 38912962 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2024053036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative dental medicine continuously expands to improve treatments for prevalent clinical problems in dental and oral medicine. Stem cell based translational opportunities include regenerative therapies for tooth restoration, root canal therapy, and inflammatory processes (e.g., periodontitis). The potential of regenerative approaches relies on the biological properties of dental stem cells. These and other multipotent somatic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) types can in principle be applied as either autologous or allogeneic sources in dental procedures. Dental stem cells have distinct developmental origins and biological markers that determine their translational utility. Dental regenerative medicine is supported by mechanistic knowledge of the molecular pathways that regulate dental stem cell growth and differentiation. Cell fate determination and lineage progression of dental stem cells is regulated by multiple cell signaling pathways (e.g., WNTs, BMPs) and epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA modifications, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs and lncRNAs). This review also considers a broad range of novel approaches in which stem cells are applied in combination with biopolymers, ceramics, and composite materials, as well as small molecules (agonistic or anti-agonistic ligands) and natural compounds. Materials that mimic the microenvironment of the stem cell niche are also presented. Promising concepts in bone and dental tissue engineering continue to drive innovation in dental and non-dental restorative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Daneshian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Amr A Badreldin
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405; University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Simon M Cool
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeonkun-dong, Chongro-gu Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dan Cho
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101 Daehak‑no, Jongno‑gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Huang G, Xia B, Dai Z, Yang R, Chen R, Yang H. Comparative study of DFAT cell and ADSC sheets for periodontal tissue regeneration:
in vivo
and
in vitro
evidence. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1289-1303. [PMID: 35851962 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan P.R. China
| | - Zichao Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Rongqiang Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan PR China
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Wang SZ, Jia J, Chen CH. lncRNA-KCNQ1OT1: A Potential Target in Exosomes Derived from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7690006. [PMID: 34712334 PMCID: PMC8548139 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7690006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a worldwide medical and socioeconomic burden characterized by systemic impairment of bone strength and microstructure. Exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-Exos) have been confirmed to play effective roles in the repair of various tissues and organs. This study was aimed at investigating the role of ADSCs-Exos and a novel long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 played in osteoporosis as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Primary osteoblasts were treated with different doses of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 ng/ml) and then cocultured with ADSCs-Exos or exosome-derived from lnc-KCNQ1OT1-modified ADSCs (KCNQ1OT1-Exos). The expression of miRNA-141-5p (miR-141-5p) and lnc-KCNQ1OT1 was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-3, and Bax was determined by Western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The binding sites between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-141-5p were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS TNF-α dose-dependently increased miR-141-5p expression, inhibited viability, and promoted apoptosis of osteoblasts. However, miR-141-5p silencing or cocultured with ADSCs-Exos attenuated these effects. In addition, KCNQ1OT1-Exos could more significantly attenuate the induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared to ADSCs-Exos. Moreover, miR-141-5p was confirmed as the target of KCNQ1OT1 by luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS ADSCs-Exos can attenuate cytotoxicity and apoptosis of TNF-α-induced primary osteoblasts. KCNQ1OT1-Exos have a more significant inhibitory effect compared to ADSCs-Exos by the function of sponging miR-141-5p, suggesting that KCNQ1OT1-Exos can be promising agents in osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, 101 Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Chang-Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 130 Renmin Middle Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
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