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Bozatlı L, Aykutlu HC, Sivrikaya Giray A, Ataş T, Özkan Ç, Güneydaş Yıldırım B, Görker I. Children at Risk of Specific Learning Disorder: A Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:759. [PMID: 39062209 PMCID: PMC11274916 DOI: 10.3390/children11070759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by significant academic difficulties despite normal intelligence and adequate education. The difficulties with reading, writing, and arithmetic may manifest independently or concurrently at different ages. Early symptoms may appear in preschool, including delays in social skills, motor skills, and language development. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of preschool children at risk for SLD and related psychiatric disorders. METHOD Data were collected from 515 preschool children in Edirne City, Turkey, using a screening scale for early symptoms of SLD. Socio-demographic information was obtained, and children at risk were invited for a psychiatric evaluation. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 72.5 ± 5.6 months. It was determined that 5.7% of the preschool children who participated in the questionnaire were at risk of SLD according to the screening scale scores. Factors such as a father's low education, the mother smoking during pregnancy, a longer stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, longer screen time, and consanguinity between parents were associated with an increased risk of SLD. CONCLUSION This study emphasises the importance of early identification and intervention for SLD and the need to consider associated psychiatric comorbidities. Identifying the risk factors in preschool children may facilitate timely intervention and prevent academic and social difficulties in later years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Bozatlı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Trakya University, Edirne 22000, Turkey; (H.C.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Hasan Cem Aykutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Trakya University, Edirne 22000, Turkey; (H.C.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Açelya Sivrikaya Giray
- Department of Disability Studies, Faculty of Education, Trakya University, Edirne 22000, Turkey;
| | - Tuğçe Ataş
- Artvin State Hospital, Artvin 08000, Turkey;
| | | | | | - Işık Görker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Trakya University, Edirne 22000, Turkey; (H.C.A.); (I.G.)
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Alshaban FA, Aldosari M, Ghazal I, Al-Shammari H, ElHag S, Thompson IR, Bruder J, Shaath H, Al-Faraj F, Tolefat M, Nasir A, Fombonne E. Consanguinity as a Risk Factor for Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06137-w. [PMID: 37751099 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic and environmental risk factors associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) continue to be a focus of research worldwide. Consanguinity, the cultural practice of marrying within a family, is common in cultures and societies of the Middle East, North Africa and parts of Asia. Consanguinity has been investigated as a risk factor for ASD in a limited number of studies, with mixed results. We employed registry and survey data from Qatar to evaluate the role of consanguinity as a risk factor for ASD. METHODS Data were sourced from a national registry and a population-based survey of autism recently conducted in Qatar. We selected a sample of 891 children (mean age: 8.3 years) with (N = 361) or without (N = 530) ASD. Data on consanguinity and covariates were collected through questionnaires and interviews. RESULTS The prevalence of consanguinity in the overall sample was 41.2% with no significant difference between cases and controls (42.1% vs 41.3%; p = .836). In adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses, consanguinity was not associated with risk of ASD (aOR = 1.065; 95% CI: .751-1.509; NS). CONCLUSION Parental consanguinity was not associated with autism risk in our study. Replication in other populations with high rates of consanguineous unions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad A Alshaban
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Neurological Disorders Research Center, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Iman Ghazal
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Neurological Disorders Research Center, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hawraa Al-Shammari
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Neurological Disorders Research Center, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saba ElHag
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Neurological Disorders Research Center, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Richard Thompson
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Neurological Disorders Research Center, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hibah Shaath
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Neurological Disorders Research Center, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatema Al-Faraj
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Neurological Disorders Research Center, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Tolefat
- Shafallah Center for Children with Disabilities, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Eric Fombonne
- Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
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Nascimento CRD, Basílio DDS, Lopes JM, Cansanção IF. Analyzing Inbreeding and Estimating Its Related Deficiencies in Northeastern Brazil. J Pediatr Genet 2021; 11:272-278. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis cross-sectional study aimed to observe number of marriages between relatives in São Francisco Valley municipalities and correlations between degrees of kinship and susceptibility to genetic diseases. Three hundred and nine (309) consanguineous couples were interviewed in five municipalities. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22), Chi-square testing, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE). In Pariconha-AL for first cousins, the results revealed significantly higher numbers of disabled children than for third cousins (p < 0.05). Of these, the prevalence for physical disability was significant (χ2 = 19.203, df = 4, p = 0.001). In the cities of Glória-BA (χ2 = 11.652, df = 3, p = 0.020) and OlhoD'água do Casado-AL (χ2 = 8.123, df = 4, p = 0.044), physical disabilities were also significantly higher in children from unions of first-degree cousins than for other degrees of kinship. Visual impairment was more significant in first-degree cousins in Glória-BA (χ2 = 14.206, df = 3 p = 0.007); yet among third-degree cousins, visual impairment in the municipality of Santa Brígida-BA was more prevalent (χ2 = 6.416, df = 2 p = 0.040). Inbreeding, as revealed in the evaluated cities, reinforces the hypothesis for developing genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnnatas Mikael Lopes
- Medicine Collegiate, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Isaac Farias Cansanção
- Medicine Collegiate, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil
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Oliveira LF, Chaves TF, Baretto N, de Luca GR, Barbato IT, Barbato Filho JH, Ocampos M, Maris AF. Etiology of intellectual disability in individuals from special education schools in the south of Brazil. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:506. [PMID: 33143672 PMCID: PMC7640392 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intellectual Disability (ID) is characterized by significant limitations that affect intellectual functioning, adaptive behavior, and practical skills which directly interfere with interpersonal relationships and the environment. In Western countries, individuals with ID are overrepresented in the health system, often due to associated comorbidities, and its life-time cost places ID as one of the most expensive conditions of all diagnoses in the International Classification of Diseases. Most of the people affected (75%) live in low-income countries, suffer from malnutrition, lack health care, and do not have access to adequate treatment. The aim of this study was to obtain an estimate of the diagnostic status as well as the prevalence of familial ID among individuals with serious (moderate or severe) ID in a region of the State of Santa Catarina, investigating attendees of special education schools of the Florianópolis Macroregion. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2011 and August 2014, through a semi-structured screening questionnaire for the collection of relevant developmental, clinical, familial and educational data, applied in an interview to guardians of students of special education schools of the macroregion of Florianópolis. Results The participant special schools enrolled close to 1700 students during the study period and the questionnaire was applied to 849 (50.5%). The male to female ratio of the participants was 1.39:1. Clear etiologic explanations were relatively scarce (24%); most diagnoses referring only to the type and the degree of impairment and for the majority (61.4%) the cause was unknown. About half were sporadic cases within their families (considering three generations). For 44.2% at least one other case of an ID-related condition in the extended family was mentioned, with 293 (34.5%) representing potential familial cases. Conclusion Here we describe the epidemiological profile, the available diagnostics, etiology, family history and possible parental consanguinity of participants with ID of special education schools in the South of Brazil. The main results show the need for etiological diagnosis and uncover the relevance of potential hereditary cases in a population where consanguineous unions have a relatively low frequency (0,6%) and highlight the need for public health actions. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12887-020-02382-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Freitas Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Fernando Chaves
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Nathacha Baretto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Angelica Francesca Maris
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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