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Aldhelai TA, Altawili ZM, Alsughier Z, Almashraqi AA. Prevalence of Zygomatic Air Cell defects in a sample of 6-18-year-old patients in Saudi Arabia and Yemen: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:810. [PMID: 39020312 PMCID: PMC11256647 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of Zygomatic Air Cell Defects (ZACD) among pediatric and adolescent populations in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted, utilizing digital panoramic radiographs of dental outpatients aged 6 to 18 years. The data were collected from registered digital databases of dental clinics in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia, and an oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Sana'a, Yemen, covering the period from July 2018 to September 2022. The radiographs were evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and ZACD was assessed using standardized descriptions. Statistical analysis, including logistic regression, was employed to examine the impact of the associated factors. RESULTS The study encompassed a total of 3,169 participants, revealing an overall ZACD prevalence of 28.5%. Age emerged as a significant predictor (p ≤ 0.0001), with the likelihood of ZACD increasing as the age of the individual advances. Gender and geographic region did not exhibit statistically significant differences in ZACD prevalence. CONCLUSION This study provides crucial insights into the prevalence of Zygomatic Air Cell Defects among pediatric and adolescent populations in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It underscores the prevalence of ZACD and the notable influence of age on its occurrence. Additionally, the research challenges prior notions of gender and regional variations in ZACD prevalence, emphasizing the complexity of the factors involved. Early detection is essential to avoid unwanted complications during any surgical intervention in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyezen Abdullah Aldhelai
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, IBB, Yemen
| | - Zainab M Altawili
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zeyad Alsughier
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Almashraqi
- Department of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Almaddah M, Alzahrani F, Gaowgzeh R, Alqarni A, Othman R, Gmmash A. Knowledge and Awareness of Osteoporosis: A Survey of Physical Therapy Providers in Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:2797382. [PMID: 38529258 PMCID: PMC10963116 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2797382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis "OP" is classified as one of the most serious health conditions worldwide. OP increases the skeletal fracture risk by 35%, particularly at hip, spine, and wrist joints. Healthcare professionals should be aware of OP clinical signs and have good knowledge while managing all patients. Objectives This study aims to investigate the current level of osteoporosis knowledge and awareness among physical therapy providers in Saudi Arabia. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight physical therapy providers participated in this cross-sectional electronic survey from February to July of 2021. The participants completed the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool questionnaire (OKAT). Descriptive analysis was utilized to assess the current level of osteoporosis knowledge among physical therapy providers. Results Among the 168 participants, 55% (n = 92) were over 31 years old and 45% (n = 76) were 30 years old or under. The majority of participants 37% (n = 62) had more than 10 years of experience, 45% (n = 76) mainly treat orthopedic conditions, and 70% (n = 117) live in the western region. The results showed that 67.9% (n = 114) of participants had good knowledge about osteoporosis, while 19.6% (n = 33) had poor knowledge, and only 12.5% (n = 21) had excellent knowledge. Conclusion Physical therapy providers in Saudi Arabia have a good knowledge of osteoporosis. The overall OP preventive measure knowledge questions were poor. It is crucial for physical therapy providers to act appropriately to prevent falls and mitigate any potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz Almaddah
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alzahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - RiziqAllah Gaowgzeh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alqarni
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rani Othman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Gmmash
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alassaf MS, Khan HK, Habib OA, Aboalkhair AE, Albeshir HA, Samman MM. Morpho-Volumetric Changes of the Pharyngeal Airway With Traumatic Maxillofacial Injuries: A Retrospective Radiographic Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e47081. [PMID: 38022114 PMCID: PMC10646614 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When dealing with traumatized patients, it is crucial to prioritize securing their airway. However, intubating someone who has sustained significant facial injuries can pose difficulties, as the narrow and altered shape of their upper airway may impede their ability to open their mouth. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the volumetric and morphological alterations to the upper airway resulting from facial trauma by utilizing computed tomography (CT) scans. METHOD This is a single-centered retrospective analytical study. This study included CT scans of patients with traumatic facial injuries admitted to King Fahad Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Study variables included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fractured bones, airway symmetry, and airway volume. Using the 3D Slicer software (Slicer Community, USA), a three-dimensional model of the pharyngeal airway was constructed from the CT scan to evaluate symmetry and volume. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23 (released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used to analyze data. RESULTS Among the screened scans, 136 cases with traumatic facial injuries were included in the study. Age ranged from four to 91 years, with a mean of 28.26 (±14.9). Mandibular and zygomatic fractures were the most common, with 71 (52.2%) and 69 (50.7%) cases, respectively. The pharyngeal airway was symmetric in 111 (81.6%) cases and not symmetric in the other 25 (18.4%) cases. A significant association was found between the side of the fracture and airway asymmetry in mandibular fractures (p-value = 0.03). The total airway volume in the displaced mandibular fractures showed a statistically significant decrease (p-value = 0.019). The fracture sites were not statistically linked to airway asymmetry except for parasymphyseal and symphyseal fractures, with a p-value of 0.038 and 0.041, respectively. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that the pharyngeal airway is not usually compromised in most facial bone fractures; however, bilateral displaced mandibular fractures have the potential to diminish the pharyngeal airway volume, especially in fractures involving the symphysis and parasymphysis area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath S Alassaf
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Hamza K Khan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Osama A Habib
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ayyob E Aboalkhair
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hasan A Albeshir
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mahmood M Samman
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Madinah, SAU
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Jin R, Georges K, Jasti S, Ahsanuddin S, Cadwell JB, Paskhover B. Impact of Age on Surgical Outcomes Following Mandible Fracture Repair. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:287-293. [PMID: 35638520 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Open repair of mandibular fractures are frequently performed surgical procedures. Increasing rates of such fractures are seen in older adults following falls. This study assesses the impact of older age on early complications following mandible fracture repair. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of national registry. METHODS The 2013-2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all cases of open mandible fracture repair and cases were categorized into younger (18-40), middle (41-65), and older (>65) age cohorts. Demographics and comorbidities were compared between the age groups. Rates of surgical, medical, and wound complications within 30-days of surgery were determined. Multivariable logistic analyses were performed to assess the relationship between age and complications. RESULTS Altogether, 1818 cases were included for analysis, of which 1269 (69.8%) were younger, 459 (25.2%) were middle, and 90 (5.0%) were older age. Increased rates of complications were seen in the older groups, including unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, wound disruption, and medical complications (p < 0.01). On unadjusted analysis, the older (>65) age group had an increased odds of experiencing a complication compared to the younger (18-40) group (OR: 4.19, p < 0.001). The older age group continued to have a significantly increased odds of medical complications after multivariable adjustment (adjusted OR: 8.64, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS On this analysis of a national database, advanced age was associated with an increased frequency of early postoperative complications following open mandibular fracture repair. Following multivariable adjustment, advanced age continued to be associated with increased odds of postoperative medical complications within 30 days of surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 133:287-293, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kirolos Georges
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shravya Jasti
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Salma Ahsanuddin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joshua B Cadwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Boris Paskhover
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Jaber MA, AlQahtani F, Bishawi K, Kuriadom ST. Patterns of Maxillofacial Injuries in the Middle East and North Africa: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2021; 71:292-299. [PMID: 34286698 PMCID: PMC9275196 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial fractures (MFFs), to establish the prevalence of MFFs, and to recognise the major causative factors in both males and females in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. STUDY DESIGN The protocol of this systematic reviews was established according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P); the following databases were searched: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. We used STROBE checklist to assess the risk of bias in all identified studies, 37 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, and hence were selected for analysis. RESULTS A total of 27,994 patients (22,965 males and 5,129 females) ranging from 0 to 97 years who experienced maxillofacial injuries during the study period were entered into this review. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of MFF followed by falls. The mandible was the most common site of injury. In the MENA region, males outnumbered females in terms of maxillofacial injuries with a ratio of 4.5:1. CONCLUSION Maxillofacial fractures are highly prevalent in the MENA region, and they are mainly caused by RTAs, especially among young males. Therefore, the concerned authorities need to employ and implement stricter traffic rules in order to minimise the risk of maxillofacial injuries and their subsequent increased morbidity and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Jaber
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Feras AlQahtani
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Bishawi
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Brown JS, Khan A, Wareing S, Schache AG. A new classification of mandibular fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:78-90. [PMID: 34092451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is no accepted method of reporting mandibular fracture that reflects incidence, treatment and outcome for individual cases. As most series include anatomical site only for all fractures, the aim was to establish a new method to report fractures based on a systematic review of the literature and an internal audit. The classification proposed is: Class I; condyle, II; angle, IIc; II+condyle, III; body/symphysis, IIIc; III+condyle, IV; multiple fractures not including condyle, IVc; IV+condyle, V; bilateral condyle±other fracture(s). A total of 10,971 adult and 914 paediatric cases were analyzed through systematic review, and 833 from the regional audit. Only 32% (14/44) of reported series could be reclassified which, when added to the audit data, showed Class IV was most common (29%), with similar proportions of Class III, Class IIIc and Class II (18-23%). External validation (literature review) in terms of treatment and outcome was non-informative, but the internal validation (audit) demonstrated an increasing requirement for adding maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) as class increased. The heterogeneity of data reporting found in the systematic review confirms the need for a classification such as this, likely to enhance comparison of varying management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brown
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - A Khan
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Wareing
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A G Schache
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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AlMofreh AlQahtani F, Bishawi K, Jaber M, Thomas S. Maxillofacial trauma in the gulf countries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 47:397-406. [PMID: 32572511 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this review was to determine the prevalence, major causative factors and the most common sites of Maxillofacial Trauma in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries. METHODS All articles that were published in the English language in the databases such as Google Scholar, EBSCO, PubMed, NCBI, Medline, COCHRANE, ELSEVIER and SCOPUS were reviewed for MFT from GCC during the last 23 years. RESULTS A total of 19,151 patients (16,567 males and 2584 females) (86-14%) with an age range between 0 and 97 years were included in the study. In all of the Gulf countries males outnumber females in terms of maxillofacial injuries with a ratio of 6.4:1. The mandible was the most common site of trauma followed by the maxilla. Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) was the most common cause of injury in the GCC followed by falls. CONCLUSION Maxillofacial injuries are highly prevalent, distributed among the Gulf countries, and is mainly caused by RTAs especially among males who are highly prone to MFT in the gulf. The reasons are due to lack of road safety culture and weak enactment of traffic legislation, other possible factors include intrinsic car safety features, high speed driving and the amount/use of highways in these societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Bishawi
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sam Thomas
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Daniels JS, Albakry I, Braimah RO, Samara MI, Albalasi RA, Begum F, Al-Kalib MAM. Experience with Airway Management and Sequencing of Repair of Panfacial Fractures: A Single Tertiary Healthcare Appraisal in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - A Retrospective Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020; 10:402-408. [PMID: 33708586 PMCID: PMC7943977 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_202_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Special cooperation is required among surgeons and anesthetists in airway management during repair of panfacial fractures, due to problems of shared airway and occlusion. Several methods have been proposed for airway management and sequencing of repair of panfacial fractures. The main objective of the current study was to share our experience in the airway management and sequencing of repair of panfacial fractures. Methods: This was a retrospective study of panfacial fractures in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 2008 to December 2018. Data collected included demographics, type of airway management, sequence of repair (as primary variables), and outcome of surgery (secondary variable), while surgeon and anesthetic expertise are confounders. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 25 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp). Results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics. Pearson Chi-square was used to compare categorical variables such as airway management and sequencing of repair with the panfacial fractures. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Overall, 1057 patients sustained different categories of maxillofacial bone fractures with 23 females and 1034 males (M:F of 46:1). A total of 43 male patients out of 1057 patients had panfacial fractures during the study period, giving a prevalence rate of 4.1%. Only the 43 male patients with panfacial fractures were analyzed. All cases were as a result of motor vehicular accident. Six (13.9%) patients had tracheostomy while 37 (86.1%) patients had submental intubation. “Bottom-up” and “outside-in” approach was used in 33 (76.7%) patients, while “top-bottom” and “inside-out” approach was used in 10 (23.3%) patients. Discussion: Submental intubation was the major airway management of panfacial fracture, and “bottom-up” and “outside-in” approach was the main sequence of repair in our series. These approaches have been mentioned in the literature. Conclusion: From our study, victims of pan-facial fractures were found to be exclusively male with MVA as the sole etiological factor. Barring severe head injuries, which may necessitate the use of tracheostomy to sustain breathing over a longer period, submental intubation is extremely reliable as a mode of airway management during surgical treatment of panfacial fractures. The sequencing of repair of panfacial fractures can only be determined according to the case presentation rather than a predetermined one.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Spencer Daniels
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albakry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramat Oyebunmi Braimah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Specialty Regional Dental Center, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ismail Samara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabea Arafa Albalasi
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharourah General Hospital, Sharourah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farzana Begum
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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AlHammad Z, Nusair Y, Alotaibi S, Ababtain R, Alsulami S, Aljumah G. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and severity of maxillofacial fractures resulting from motor vehicle accidents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:314-320. [PMID: 32874072 PMCID: PMC7452011 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevalence and severity of maxillofacial fractures resulting from motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study of 325 males (89%) and 47 females (9%) was conducted that retrospectively reviewed records of patients referred to oral and maxillofacial surgery department from emergency department from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017 at KAMC, Riyadh. Results A total of 372 subjects were included in the study. MVAs (80%) were the most prevalent cause of trauma. The age range most susceptible to MVAs was between 20 and 24 years old (28%). The most common site of fracture was the midface (64%), specifically orbit (32%). For mandibular fractures, the subcondylar was the most common site of fractures (19%). The most common treatment approach was conservative (65%). In terms of severity, approximately half of patients needed admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (50%); the mean score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 11.34, but most scores fell in the mild range; and (68%) of subjects presented with other associated systemic injuries, especially orthopedic injuries (36%). Conclusions MVAs were the main cause of trauma and affected mainly young males. The most common site of fracture was midface, specifically orbit. Subcondylar was the most prevalent fracture site for mandibular fractures. The severity of MVAs injuries was significantly higher compared to non-MVAs injuries. We suggest enforcing legislation and regulations on road safety such as the use of compulsory seat belts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad AlHammad
- Saudi Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanal Nusair
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Alotaibi
- Saudi Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Ababtain
- Saudi Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Alsulami
- Internal Medicine, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Aljumah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani F, Bishawi K, Jaber M. Analysis of the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:61-67. [PMID: 32071533 PMCID: PMC7016231 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) is a serious health problem and in Saudi Arabia is mainly caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs). MFT commonly associated with injuries to the face, head, and jaws and may cause soft tissue lacerations and bruises. MFT can also cause fatal blood loss and airway obstruction. The objective of this review was to determine the prevalence of MFT, identify the major causative factors in males and females in the main cities of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods We performed literature searches of all published studies describing MFT from KSA during the last 20 years. Results In Saudi Arabia, males are more prone to MFT than females, although the male: female ratio of MFT varies between different cities. Specifically, Aseer has the highest male: female ratio (10:1), followed by AlHofuf (8.3:1) while AlQurayyat had the least gender ratios of MFT (2:1). Most cases of MFT are associated with RTAs, which accounted for (63%-90.3%) in Medina, (89.1%) in Aseer, (86.1% -87.1%) in Riyadh, (67%-73.1%) in Jeddah, (71%) in Khamis Mushait, (64.2%) in Makkah and (63.3%) in Al-Hofuf. The least percentage of RTA resulting into MFT was recorded in AlQurayyat (24%). Conclusion Maxillofacial trauma is a serious health problem in Saudi Arabia. RTAs remain the major cause of maxillofacial injuries especially among males, thus strict implementation of traffic rules is a must to minimize maxillofacial injuries and its physical and psychological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Alqahtani
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Bishawi
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Chen HW, He HH, Gao BL. Efficacy of internal fixation with mini plate and internal fixation with hollow screw for Regan-Morrey type II and III ulna coronoid fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:194. [PMID: 29921248 PMCID: PMC6011204 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulna coronoid fracture is a complicated injury and occurred in the coronal plane. Undeniably, there is no universally accepted approach for treating ulna coronoid fractures. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the efficacy of different surgical treatments for Regan-Morrey type II and III ulna coronoid fractures. METHODS A total of 164 patients with ulna coronoid fractures were admitted and treated in department of orthopedics at Yiwu Central Hospital, the Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for retrospective analysis. The baseline features (age, gender, time from injury to surgery and so on) before the surgery and different conditions during the surgery were compared. Following that, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score was employed to evaluate the severity of preoperative and postoperative pain experienced by the patients in each group. Afterwards, Broberg and Morrey elbow score was used to evaluate elbow joint function and surgical effect of the patients. Lastly, the postoperative recovery and complications were compared. RESULTS It was firstly observed that internal fixation with mini plate and hollow screw compelled to lower average operation time and blood loss than Kirschner wire and steel wire suture. Next, the severity of postoperative pain was lessened in comparison with preoperative pain. Afterwards, mini plate and hollow screw improved elbow joint function more notable than Kirschner wire and steel wire suture, and Kirschner wire and steel wire suture resulted in higher incidence of complications and worse postoperative recovery. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study clarified that for the treatment of Regan-Morrey type II and III ulna coronoid fractures, internal fixation with mini plate and hollow screw has an overall superior surgical effect than internal fixation with Kirschner wire and steel wire suture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, the Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu, 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hui He
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Li Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1, Tongdao North Road, Hohhot, 010050, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Aldwsari OM, Aldosari KH, Alzahrani MK, Alzahrani ZA, Alanazi AH, Alkhathlan KM, Alzahrani MG, Alzahrani AH, Al-Ghamdi S. Associated head injuries and survival rate of patients with maxillofacial fractures in road traffic accident: A prospective study in Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7:1548-1554. [PMID: 30613557 PMCID: PMC6293942 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_101_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Every minute, an accident occurs in Saudi Arabia, causing 39,000 injuries and 7,000 deaths annually. Facial trauma or maxillofacial trauma (MFT) is a frequent presentation of road traffic accidents (RTAs), ranging from simple nasal fractures to gross or severe maxillofacial injuries. Methods: A total number of 237 patients were included in this prospective study from May 2013 to January 2018. The following medical details were recorded for each case, gender, age, fracture location, the presence of scalp laceration, the presence of brain damage, type of brain damage, shock degree, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), number of units used for blood transfusions for documentation of patient survival rate. We followed up the patients in their first appointment after 21 days of patient discharge from the hospital. Results: Majority of the patients were young male adults. A total of 59.1% of patients had cerebral damage, 38% (n = 90) of patients had at least, one scalp laceration, 43.5% (n = 103) of patients had some degree of shock, whereas 27.8% of the recruited patients needed at least 1 unit of blood transfusion. A total of 14.3% of the patients died as a result of their injuries, and the survival rate was 85.7%. Conclusions: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is having a high incidence of RTAs leading to high mortality rate. Therefore, it requires a sound evaluation of the risk factors for RTAs and establishment of guidelines to decrease the incidence of road traffic injuries and reduce health-care burden. Road safety campaigns focused on young population can help reduce RTAs and subsequent mortalities. Prompt arrival at the hospital, early diagnosis, and timely management of maxillofacial fractures and brain damages by skilled physicians will lower mortality rate in KSA..
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mufi Aldwsari
- Medical Student, Colleges of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hadi Aldosari
- Medical Student, Colleges of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zaid Ali Alzahrani
- Medical Student, Colleges of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Mansour Alkhathlan
- Medical Student, Colleges of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Hazzaa Alzahrani
- Medical Student, Colleges of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Al-Ghamdi
- Medical Student, Colleges of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Milosavljević S, Ranđelović J, Pešić Z. Frequency and approaches in treatment of fractured condylar processes in population of South East Serbia for the period from 2011 to 2017. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/mp69-17844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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